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ieh lyK smrpq hY:-
fw.ey.ky.kpUr
kpUr skYinMg AYNf
fwiegnoisitk sYNtr
c`fw kMplYks, lwjpq ngr, jlMDr
Pon- 9814002559, 2205800, 2232991
L |
# sMn 1990 dI g`l hY,
btwly dy bjurg kwrKwnydwr nOin`D rwey Agrvwl nwl swfIAW id`l dIAW g`lW ho
rhIAW sn[ jnwb ny ikhw ik ihMdU-is`K dw irSqw nhuM mws dw hY v`K nhIN ho
skdw[ AsIN ikhw ik nhIN bwaU jI ieh sIgw[ auNj quhwfI Bwvnw nyk hY pr ieh
s`cweI qoN kohW dUr hY[ A`j ies irSqy iv`c qryV pY cu`kI hY[ jdoN bwaU jI
ny ijAwdw hI ij`d kIqI qW AsW aunW nUM ikhw ik dyKo jI quhwfI myj qy ihMdI
dw AKbwr pMjwb kysrI hY myry bYg ivc pMjwbI dw AjIq hY[ fI ey vI skUlW 'c
ijAwdw qdwd ihMdU b`icAW dI huMdI hY qy Kwlsw skUlW, kwljW ivc is`KW dI,
qusIN jn sMG dy votr ho mYN AkwlI dl dw hW[ bjwr 'c nMGoN ihMdU dukwndwrW
dIAW nwm qKqIAW ihMdI jW AMgryzI 'c huMidAW hn, is`KW dIAW pMjwbI 'c[
srkwrI mihkimAW ivc vI sp`St v`Kvwd njr AwauNdw hY[ bYNkW 'c jwE quhwnUM
ijAwdw bwbU lok imlngy[ ibjlI borf jW puils ivc quhwnUM ijAwdw is`K njr
Awaudy hn[ KwilsqwnI lok kdI bygunwh ihMdUAW is`KW nUM b`sW rylW coN k`F
ky mwr rhy huMdy hn qy kuJ ihMdU is`K 1984 dy hirmMdr swihb dy PojI hmly
mOky l`fU vMfdy hn[ audwhrnW AnykW hn smW G`t hY[ kbUqr ib`lI nUM vyK ky
A`KW bMd kr lvygw qW ib`lI h`t nhIN jwxI[ bwaU jI bVIAW audwhrxW dy dy
sp`StIkrn dyxy cwhy pr AKIr qy s`c nUM svIkwr krnw ipAw[ bwaU jI QoVy
inrwS ho gey[ AsIN ikhw inrwSw dw koeI kwrn bxdw nhIN ikauNik swfw ieiqhws
pRym muhbq qy eyky vwlw hY[ swfy 'c soc smJ ky Pu`t pweI geI sI[ bwaU jI
dIAW A`KW cmk auTIAW[ 150 swl pihlW pMjwbI smwj ivc AijhIAW nPrqW vwlIAW
vMfIAW nhIN sn nw hI Dwrimk qlKIAW sn[ audoN dw pMjwbI smwj ie`k sI[
ausvyly s`c mu`c iek dUjy dy Drm dw siqkwr kIqw jWdw sI[ ijho ijhy p`Kpwq
A`j pMjwbI smwj ivc njr Aw rhy hn ienW dI ivAwiKAw is`K Drm qy ieiqhws
rwhIN krnI Aiq kiTn hY[ hwlWik bRwhmxI Swsqr qy mMnU ismrqIAW qy ArQ Swsqr
qW BwvyN ies dw kwrn d`s skx[ bwbU jI ny bihs iqAwg ky suxnw SurU kr
id`qw[
lwhOr dy nwgirkW ny s: rxjIq isMG nUM lhOr qy cVweI krn leI Awp s`idAw[
APgwnisqwn dw bwdSwh Swh jmwn jdoN sMn 1799 vyly ihMdosqwn qoN kwbul nUM
prq irhw sI qy mgry m`cI lu`tmwr, mwrDwV qoN duKI hoey lwhOr dy vsnIkW ny
Awp s: rxjIq isMG nUM s`dw pqR ByijAw ik auh lwhOr qy hmlw kry[ drKwsq dyx
vwilAW ivc mIAW ASk hUsYn, hkIm hwikm rwey, BweI gurbKS isMG, mIAW
mohkmdIn, muhMmd bkr, muhMmd qwihr, muPqI muhMmd muk`rm, mIr swAdI qy syT
jvwlw pRswid dy nW vrnx Xog hn[ audoN sMn 1765 qoN bwAd pUrw pMjwb lgpg
is`K imslW dy rwj ADIn ho cukw sI[ hW hmilAW vyly ieh imsldwr Awpxw bcwA
krn leI ieDr auDr ho jWdy sn qy lukvIN lVweI lVdy sn[
so jdoN iPr rxjIq isMG mhwrwjw bixAw ausdy vjIr (drbwrI) bxy pMjwbI
muslmwn, pMjwbI bRwhmx, fogry, K`qrI qy kuJ XU pI dy BeIey qy isMG iek vI
nW[ mMqrIAW dy nW kuJ ies pRkwr sn: PkIr AjIjUdIn-bdyS mMqrI, PkIr nurUdIn
-igRh mMqrI, PkIr iemwmUdIn -tkswl mMqrI (goibMdgVH) kwjI injwmUdIn, muPqI
muhMmd Swh, iemwm bKS, mIAW gOsw, sulqwn muhMmd, pIr bswvW, iDAwn isMG
fogrw - pRDwn mMqrI, KuShwl isMG (BeIAw), BeIAw rwm isMG, (BeIAw) qyj
isMG, imsr dIvwn cMd, dIvwn gMgw rwm, rwjw dInw nwQ, dIvwn AjuiDAw pRswid,
imsr bylI rwm, dIvwn gMgw rwm (kSmIrI), mohkm cMd (K`qrI), dIvwn moqI rwm,
dIvwn rwm idAwl, dIvwn swvx m`l (dIvwn mohkm cMd smucI is`K POj dw 1806-
1814 q`k kmWfr ien cIPhw sI[)
rxjIq isMG dy dys dI Dwrimk SihxSIlqw dw aus dy mh`lW qoN hI AMdwjw lwieAw
jw skdw hY ijs ivc kuJ ihMdU rwxIAW sn, kuJ is`K qy kuJ muslmwn qy hr iek
nUM Awpxy Awpxy Drm dI pUjw pwT krn dI Ku`l sI[ aus dI iek rwxI ny qW
msijd vI bxvweI jo A`j vI mOjUd hY[ ies Drm inrp`K rwj dIAW AnykW idlcsp
imswlW hn jo ienW QoVy ijhy pMinAW qy dyxIAW sMBv nhIN[ s: rxjIq isMG vyly
mjHbI dMgy qW bhuq hI dUr dI g`l hY kdI mjHbI iKcwA dI iekw du`kw Gtxw vI
nhIN vwprI[ ausdy rwj bwry jy ikqy QoVI bhuq Skwieq huMdI hY qW auh isrP
k`tV is`KW L ikauNik aus dw injwm h`d drjy dw Drm inrp`K r sI[
A`j dy is`K ilKwrI Aksr ilKdy hn ik s: rxjIq isMG ny AwpxI vjwrq ivc iek
vI is`K nUM jgHw nW id`qI[ ieh svwl hI ies lyK dI Aihm kVI hY[ dIvwn mohkm
cMd, dIvwn moqI rwm, dIvwn rwm idAwl vrigAW nUM is`KI dI SyRxI 'c nw rKxw
hI is`K ilKwrIAW dI v`fI AigAwnqw hY[ Xwd rhy ik ieh vjIr swry sihjDwrI
is`K sn ieh auNj vI kysDwrI sn pr AMimRqDwrI Kwlsy nhIN sn[ lVwkU KwlisAW
nUM rxjIq ny drbwr dy nyVy nw kuskx id`qw qy auhnW dIAW durl`B syvwvW
rxBUmIN ivc leIAW[ EnIN idnIN sihjDwrI is`KW ieQoN q`k ik KwlisAW nUM vI
ihMdU SyRxI 'c hI r`iKAw jWdw sI[
rwjI bhuq rihMdy muslmwn ihMdU,
isr dohW dy puj AwPwq AweI[
Swh muhMmdw ivc pMjwb dy jI
A`gy nhIN sI qIsrI jwq AweI[
ieQy Swh muhMmd ny isrP POjI nUM hI Kwlsw kihAw hY[
EdoN pMjwb ivc ihMdU lPj dy mwieny 'is`K' hoieAw krdy sn[
g`l nUM A`gy qorn qoN pihlW swnUM 19 vIN sdI dy pMjwbI smwj dI bxqr smJx
dI jrUrq hY[ sMn 1700 q`k gurU nwnk dw mjHb pMjwb dy Gr Gr q`k phuMc cu`kw
sI[ mugl srkwr roj dy roj is`KW qy qsIhy kr rhI sI qy KbrW bx rhIAW sn[
gurU swihb dy du`D cuMGdyN b`icAW dI srhMd ivKy hoeI ShwdqW ny smu`cy
pMjwbIAW nUM JMjoV ky r`K idqw sI[ auNj vI pMjwbI lok bwkI Bwrq dy mukwbly
ijAwdw joSIly qy thrilling
jIvn nUM psMd krdy hn[ iPr ihMdU qoN is`K bxnw Drm pRvrqx nhIN sI igixAw
jWdw[ vYsy vI is`KI isDWq 'c Drm pRvrqx hY hI nhIN[ audoN AMimRq CkxW
rUhwnIAq dI is`Kr sI[ pr bdiksmqI ik lokW ny AMimRq C`kx nUM Drm pRvrqx
igx ilAw hY[ A`j AKOqI pRcwrk KbrW Cpvw rhy hn ik 100 pRwxIAW ny AMimRq
C`k ilAw[ ieh pivqR rsm dw mjwk aufwauNx qul hY[
qy lE hux huMdI hY Pu`t dI SurUAwq
sMn 1839 ivc mhwrwjw clwxw kr igAw, audoN q`k AMgryz smu`cy BwrqI aup
mhWdIp dy mwlk huMdy hn isvwey pMjwb dy[ suBwvk hY pMjwb dI Ajwd hsqI aunW
nUM cuBdI sI, qy aunW DoKy Aqy kUtnIqI qihq mhwrwjy dy drbwrIAW nUM lwlc
dy ky KrIdxw SurU kr id`qw[ ikauNik AMgryz AwpxI kutl nIqI qihq Awpxy Awp
nUM ihMdusqwn (ihMdUAW) dI numwiedw hkUmq AKvwauNdw sI Aqy aus dy bhuqy
dPqrI drbwrI bMgwlI qy XU.pI. dy lok hI sn qy pMjwb ivc AMgryzW pRqI ieho
sunyhw jWdw sI ik auh ihMdusqwn dy hukmrwn hn qy ijnW ihMdUAW nUM muglW dy
julmW qoN injwq duAweI hY[ qy Eho hoieAw ijs dw S`k sI[ AMgryzW dIAW
kmInIAW swijSW 'c BweIvwl bxy isrP XU.pI. qoN Awey hoey mhwrwjy dy drbwrI
qy iek rwjw gulwb isMG fogrw jMmU vwlw[
jMg ihMd pMjwb dw hox l`gw[
dovyN bwdSwhI POjW BwrIAW nI[
A`j hovy srkwr qW mu`l pwvy,
jyVIAW Kwlsy ny qygw mwrIAW nI[
sxy AwdmI golIAW nwl aufx
hwQI FwhuMdy sxy AMbwrIAw nI[
Swh muhMmdw iek srkwr bwJoN,
POjW ij`q ky AMq nUM hwrIAW nI[
auhnW hI idnW ivc jd 1857 dw gdr hoieAw qW iksy Kjwn isMG nW dy kvI ny jMg
nwmw id`lI iliKAw qy aus dw mMglwcrx kuJ ies qrHW idqw :-
AlP Awie pRxwm Akwl jI ko,keI BWq dy Kyl rcwvdw eI[
hwQ lIey mohnI bIn bMkI,isPqW aus byAMq dy gwvdw eI[
isD swD jogI sMinAws lY ky,s`B ausdw iDAwn lgWvdw eI[
kvI isMG Kjwn kurbwn jweIey,swnUM Awsrw aus dy nwm dw eI[
h`Q joV ky bMdnW swrdw koN,icq crn gxys idAW lwvsW mYN
srb dyviqAW ko nmskwr myrI,sdw jwgqI joq ko iDAwvdw mYN
srn siqgurW dI ghI Awx ky , nwm iqMnW dy inq iDAwvsW mYN[
so Akwl dw pujwrI swry dyvI dyviqAW pRqI siqkwr r`Kdw hY ikauNik aus dw
mMnxw hY ik dyvqy vI Akwl dy pUjwrI hn[
iPr 1848-49 jo AMgryzW nwl lVweIAW hoeIAW pMjwbIAW ny AMgryzW nUM nwnI dw
du`D Xwd krw idqw[ bwvjUd iesdy ik AMgryzW ny is`K rwj dy APsrW nUM AMdroN
KrId r`iKAw sI[ AMgryz ieqhwskwr ilKdy hn ik pMjwb dI ij`q ijMnI aunW nUM
mihMgI peI aus ny kMpnI nUM smu`cI Xu`D nIqI dw dubwrw mulwkx krn leI
mjbUr kIqw[ ienW lVweIAW 'c swry pMjwbI cwhy koeI ihMdU sI muslmwn sI jW
is`K idloN ho ky PrMgI nwl lVy[ ieQoN q`k ik mulqwn dy rwjy mUl cMd qoN
bgwvq krwauNx vwly muslmwn qy is`K ispwhI hI sn[
AMgryz h`ky b`ky rih gey ikauNik aunW drbwrI KrIdy hoey sn pr ispwhI Awp
hudry ho ky AMgryzW nwl lohw lY rhy sn[ Swied ieh pMjwbIAW dI eykqw dI
is`Kr sI[ AMgryzW lhOr kwbU qW kr ilAw [gdwrW dw iDAwn krdy hoey dyKo POjI
kI boldy hn;
muT mItI sI dys pMjwb dI jI[ ienW Kol idqw swfw pwj Xwro[
Swh muhMmdw mwr ky mro eyQy[ kdI rwj hoie muhqwj Xwro[
pMjwb ivc ATwrvIN sdI 'c mMdrW
dw nwmo inSwn nhIN sI[
swnUM iPr bwaU nOinD rwie dI g`l Xwd Aw jWdI hY[ ''srdwr jI ikhVI pMjwbI
dI g`l krdy ho? pMjwbI ikQy sI? Aw hux eI AkwlIAW ny Sor mcw idqw nhIN qW
pihlW sB PwrsI qy ihMdI hoieAw krdIAW sn[''
AsIN bwaU jI nUM sp`St kIqw ik PwrsI vwlI gl qW TIk hY bwkI sB glq [
ieqhwsk qOr qy pMjwb ivc dyvnwgrI dw nwmo inSwn nhIN imldw qy pMjwb dI
srh`dW AMdr qy ihMdU Drm dy swry gRMQ gurmuKI ivc hI imldy hn[ KYr ieh iek
Al`g mjmUn hY[
g`lW bwqW kridAW jdoN bwbU jI nUM pqw l`gw ik ieh ilKwrI purwqqv (Archaelogy)
ivc KwsI idlcspI r`Kdw hY qW aunW ny swnUM slwh id`qI ik "btwly dy BMfwrI
mhu`ly ivc qy A`cl purwxy mMdr hn, qusIN auh jrUr vyiKE[" Agly idn Cu`tI
sI AsIN BMfwrI muh`ly cly gey[ ijvyN hI AsI mMdr AMdr vVn lgy qW grB igRh
dI srdl qy iSlwlyK iml igAw[ mjy dI g`l ieh ik auh gurmuKI ivc sI qy is`K
rwj dy vyly dw bixAw hoieAw sI[ ausy idn cweI cweI AsIN Ac`l vI dyiKAw
mMdr dy AMdr gurUAW dIAW mUrqW bxIAW hoeIAW sn qy iSlwlyK gurmu`KI 'c sn[
vwps Aw ky AsIN Awpxy dosq sohn isMG lkVI vwly kol bih gey qy swrI gwQw
suxweI[ AsIN bwaU jI nUM Pon krn l`gy sI ieh d`sx leI ik ijhVy mMdrW 'c
qusW swnUM ByijAY EQy iSlwlyK gurmu`KI 'c hn[ sohn isMG ny swQoN Pon PV
ilAw[ ''ieh kMm nw kro[ aunW ny ieh iSlwlyK imtw dyxy hn[''
pr AsIN bwJ nhIN Awey qy GroN jw ky bwaU jI nUM gurmuKI iSlwlyK dI gl kih
mwrI[ bwaU jI cu`p ho gey[ auprMq AsIN ielwky dy v`fy qy mShUr mMdrW dy
drSn kIqy[ gurdwspur ijly dw sB qoN purwxw mMdr hY klwnOr ivKy iSvw dw
mMdr[ EQy vI AsIN dyiKAw ik iSlwlyK pMjwbI 'c hY qy mMdr vI mhwrwjw rxjIq
isMG dw bxwieAw hoieAw hY[ ieQy iSKr dI jgHw auNj vI muslmwnI guMbd hY[
iek hor mShUr mMdr hY 'pMforI mhMqW' ieQy vI iSlwlyK gurmu`KI ivc hn[
g`l kI ik sqlujo p`Cm v`l dy swry ielwky ivc mMdrW dw nwmo inSwn nhIN sI
qy jy bxwey gey qW auh isrP is`K rwj vyly qy bxvwey vI Kud is`K rwijAW ny[
ilKwrI dI 95 swlw mwqw nO br nO hY[ ienW dy mwpy bVy k`tV is`K sn[ pr iPr
vI ieh iJ`VI (vYSnoN dyvI) mMdr dy drSnW nUM bcpn 'c jwieAw krdy sI[ mwqw
ds``dI hY ik bs AYvyN iPrn qurn[ ''AKy mweI inko swnUM lY jweIAw krdI
sI[''
kihx qoN Bwv ieh ik ihMdU Drm dy rsmoN irvwj is`KW leI iek smwjk krm
hoieAw krdy sn[ rUhwnI shwry leI lok is`KI v`l vyKdy sn[
hkUmq ivroDI ies ieMklwbI Drm ny pMjwbIAW dw mn moh r`iKAw sI[
audwhrx dy qOr qy AsIN ipCy K`qrIAW dw AiDAYn kIqw qy vyiKAw ik sMn 1850
q`k swry K`qrI is`K sn[ eysy qrW AsIN bRwhmxW dI iek SyRxI muJwl jW
mohIAwl jo isrP pMjwb ivc pwey jWdy hn dw AiDAYn kIqw qy mihsUs kIqw ik
ieh vI swry dy swry 100% is`K hn[
Xwd rhy ik audoN swry is`K smwjk p`KoN ihMdU rIqI rvwjW nUM hI mMndy sn[
audwhrx dy qOr qy ivAwh dy Pyry sB vydI duAwly hI huMdy sn[ Bwv jy qusIN
audoN dw smwjk AiDAYn kro qW pMjwb ivc isrP muslmwn qy ihMdU smwj sn qy
jykr Dwrimk AiDAYn kro qW lok jW muslmwn sn jW iPr is`K[ srdIAW 'c rwm
lIlw huMdI sI pr auh iek nwtk hI KyifAw jWdw sI[ pMjwbIAW dw r`b Avqwr
nhIN sI lYNdw[ jy rwm nUM mMnxw hY auh rwm jo srbivAwpk hY[ jy mwqw dy
mMdr gey qW auh BvwnI jo jnm nhIN lYNdI[ so pMjwbIAW dy Drm dI qsvIr
s`cmu`c rMgIn sI[
ies sMbMD ivc iPr swnUM btwly dI iek Gtnw dI Xwd Aw jWdI hY[ SwmI 4 vjy
kMm - kwr mukw ky AsIN dPqr ivc bYTy g`pW ryV rhy sI ik iek BeIAw Aw igAw[
aus cusq clwk BeIey ny m`Qy qy v`fw swrw iqlk lwieAw hoieAw sI qy iek hor
iqlk gl dy Q`ly[ swfy BweI mnjIq isMG ny BeIey nUM mKOl kIqw ik ikqy qIsrw
iqlk k`Cy dy Q`ly vI qW nhIN lw r`iKAw[ BeIey ny mnjIq dI cMgI Bugq svwrI[
iPr AwpW gMBIrqw nwl puiCAw ik BeIAw jI ieh gl qoN Qlly iqlk dw kI mqlb[
BeIAw swnUM kMT iqlk dw Dwrimk mqlb smJw irhw sI ik ieMny nUM swfy pMjwbI
vIr rvI Srmw jI Aw gey[ rvI hurIN iek mMdr dw ieMqjwm vI vyKdy sI[ AsIN
rvI hurW nUM suAwl kr idqw ik ies kMT iqlk dw mqlb kI? BeIAw qy iek dm
SurU ho igAw qy l`gw pMjwbI bRwhmxW dIAW bdKoeIAW krn[ jI ienHW nUM kI
pqw? ienW nUM qW krm kWf dw a, A vI nhIN AwauNdw[ aus ikhw jI ieh pMjwbI
bRwhmx sB muslmwn hn[ AsIN BeIey nUM iPtkwr pweI[
pr BeIey dI g`l ivc AQwh s`cweI sI[ pMjwbI bRwhmx ihMdU krmkWf qoN iblkul
kory hn[ d`Kx Bwrq ivc ihMdU Drm dw mUl rUp dyKx nUM njr AwauNdw hY[ EQy
jykr koeI pMjwbI bRwhmx jw ky khy ik mYN bRwhmx hW qW lok iC`qr lY ky
duAwly ho jwxgy ikauNik pMjwbIAW nUM bRwhmxI rIqI rIvwjW qy krm, kWf dw
Borw vI igAwn nhIN[ ikauNik aunW rIqW dw ieQy pRcln hY hI nhIN[ ies ivSy
qy iPr vI jykr koeI pMjwbI pMfq vIr isr AVweI jwey qW auhnUM puCo ijhVw
qusIN v`ifAW nUM pYrI pYxw kihMdy ho aus dw ipCokV kI hY jW iPr ijhVy
qusIN lMgr lwauNdy ho aunW dI kI khwxI hY?
kihx qoN Bwv ik sMn 1850 q`k sqlujNo pwr dy bhuqy ihMdU kysDwrI hoieAw
krdy sn, is`K Drm dy AinAweI sn[ hor qy hor ieMnW dIAW smwjk rsmW ihMdUAW
vwlIAW sn[ Kwlsw s`j jwxw ieh auc Awqmk AvsQw smJdy sn qy Gr dw v`fyrw
AMimRq C`k ilAw krdw sI[ AMimRq C`kx qoN Bwv ik ieh hux gurU dw hI ho igAw
ies dI mOq kdI vI sMBv hY[
bcdy hI qW jy pMjwbIAW nUM pwiVAw
jwvy[
is`KW nUM kwbU kr ilAw igAw[ 8000 lokW nUM Al`g Al`g jylW 'c suitAw igAw[
Kws kdm AMgryzW ieh puitAw ik ipMfI QweI ksibAW 'c ijhVy Coty moty ikly
sn, auh Fuhw ky p`Dry kr idqy gey[ lokW nUM ikhw igAw ik sB hiQAwr jmW
krvw dyx[ Aijhw krn nwl ku`l 1,20,000 hiQAwr srkwr dy kbjy 'c Aw gey qy
pMjwbIAW nUM inh`Qy kr idqw igAw[ 50,000 pMjwbI ispwhIAW nUM nOkrI qoN
brKwsq krky Gr Byj idqw igAw[
Bry drbwr ivc jd lwrf flhojI nUM ieh g`l Xwd duAweI geI ik gurU goibMd
isMG dw Kwlsw PInks bwj dI inAweI hY ijhVw mr sV ky iPr vI auT pYNdw hY qy
msqI BrI pRvwj iksy vyly vI Br skdw hY[ AMhkwr ivc Awey lwrf ny jo juAwb
idqw auh ieqhws dw ih`sw hY[:-''bhuq jldI qusIN Kwlsy nUM Ajwieb GrW 'c hI
dyKogy[ iesdy ieMqjwm kr idqy gey hn[''
Bwv kysDwrI is`KI pUrI qrW Kqm kr id`qI jwvygI[flhOjI dI DmkI rMg ilAweI -
is`KW ny Awpxy Awp nUM ihMdU ilKvwauxw SurU kr idqw[ 1856 dy klk`qw rIivaU
muqwibk is`KW nUM sp`St SbdW 'c kih idqw igAw ik auh bMdy bxky kys ktvw
lYx[dyKo pMjwb injwm dI 1852- 53 dI irport :-
''is`K Drm bVI qyjI nwl auQy vVdw jw irhw hY ijQy ienW L rwjnIqk qwkq
vwVnw cw@dI hY[ hjwrW dI igxqI ivc lokW ny is`K Drm igRhx kIqw sI qy A`j
ausy igxqI 'c ieh Drm nUM C`fdy jw rhy hn[ hrmMdr, AMimRqsr A`j kl QoVy hI
lok jw rhy hn Aqy slwnw gurpurbW qy myilAW qy vI swl b swl igxqI G`tdI jw
rhI hY[ A`j ikqy ivrly nUM hI AMimRq CkwieAw jWdw hY[ gurmuKI ilpI dI puC
prqIq Kqm huMdI jw rhI hY[ pMjwbI bolI dI mh`qqw Kqm huMdI jw rhI hY qy
A`j ieh isrP sUby dI qy idhwqI bolI dw drzw AKiqAwr krdI nzr AwauNdI hY[''
(Punjab past & present
XXIV-II page 296)
hor dyKo fI. pYqrI iek AMgryz sI.AweI.fI. APsr AwpxI 1900- 1911 q`k dI
is`KW dy rwjnIqk ivkws qy kI ilKdw hY :-
''AMgryz swmrwj ny is`KW pRqI bVI sKq nIqI bxweI hoeI hY, ijs krky Drm dw
ivkws sMBv nhIN[ is`K rwj Kqm krn auprMq swfI srkwr drbwr swihb hirmMdr qy
6 hor gurduAwirAW dy kMtrol is`Dw Awpxy h`Q ivc r`iKAw hoieAw hY[ jd ik
vkP borf 1851 AYkt Anuswr muslmwnW qy ihMdUAW dy sQwn aunW DrmW dy Awpxy
kMtrol qihq hn[ pr rwjnIqk kwrnW krky ieh kwnUMn is`KW qy lwgU nhIN kIqw
igAw[ bwkI pMjwb ivc gurduAwry mhMqW hvwly kr id`qy gey hn[" (Punjab
past & present XXIV-II page 418)
iPr AMgryzW ny pUrbIAW (BeIAW) qy pMjwbIAW dI duSmxI jW ivroDqw dw pUrw
iDAwn kIqw hoieAw sI[
Awpxy pYrIN Awp kuhwVw mwrnw
jdoN AwrIAw smwj ijhy ihMdU sMgTn Kwlsw rwj dy vsnIkW qy dubwrw ihMdU Drm
dw dwAvw kr rhy sn, swfy k`tVvwdI isMMG sBweIAW ny dUr AMdysI idRStI nw
idKweI qy k`tVvwdI ibAwn dy dy ky bhuq swry sihjDwrI is`KW nUM mnu`KqwvwdI
Drm qoN ky pry D`k id`qw[ Ku`d iek sihjDwrI ilKwrI ilKdw hY ik :-
''1925 qoN pihlW dI A`DI sdI dOrwn is`KW dI igxqI hYrwnIjnk FMg nwl v`D
rhI sI ikauNik ihMdU lok is`KI Drm Awpxw rhy sn[ is`K suDwrkW ny aus vkq
cwihAw ik is`KW dI ihMdU Drm qoN Al`g lIk iKcI jwvy[ auhnW dw mqlb sI ik
is`K qoN mqlb isrP Kwlsw hI hovy Aqy aunW Anuswr sihjDwrI lok is`K hI nhIN
sn[''(pMnw 29)
so 'is`K v`Kvwd' dy ilKwrI rwjIv kpUr ny AbwdI dy AMkVy dy dy ik swbq kIqw
hY ik ikvyN bhuq swry sihjDwrI lok is`K bx gey[ ihMdUvwdI sMgTn dy hmly dy
mkwbly AsIN smJdy hW ik iek lkIr iKcxI jrUrI ho geI sI pr isMG-sBweIAW nUM
ieh nhIN sI cwhIdw ik is`K isrP AMimRqDwrI jW kysDwrI nUM hI igxdy[ Ku`d
gurU swihb ny vI sihjDwrIAW dI hoNd nUM svIkwr kIqw hY[
sMn 1912 ivc iek guris`K ilKwrI sMq inhwl isMG ny lMfn dy iek rswly ivc
lyK iliKAw sI ik ikvyN rwj Kusx nwl is`K Drm dw v`fw nukswn hoieAw hY[
is`KW qy AMgryz hkUmq v`loN kIqIAW geIAW ijAwdqIAW krky bhuq swry is`K lok
frdy hoey Awpxw Drm ihMdU d`s rhy hn[ ijs dw nqIjw ieh hoieAw hY ik is`KW
dI AbwdI ivc v`fI kmI not kIqI geI hY[ 'ieiqhws 'c is`K' dw ilKwrI sMgq
isMG ilKdw hY ik rxjIq isMG dy rwj vyly AMgryzW ny 1850 ivc is`KW dI ku`l
AbwdI iek kroV AWkI sI[ jo 1968 dI mrdm SumwrI vyly isrP 11 l`K rih geI[
EdoN keIAW ny duhweI pweI ik is`K Drm Kqm hox iknwry hY[ (dyKo pMjwb pws
AYNf pRYsMt ijld 8 pMnw 16) EnW vyilAW dy kimSnr mrdm SumwrI ny vI kih
idqw ik is`KW dI igxqI qyjI nwl G`t rhI hY[ is`K Drm ihMdU Drm ivc jzb
huMdw jw irhw hY[ aunW idnW ivc lwrf flhojI ny mMinAw ik ijMnI nPrq is`K
lok APgwn jW muglW nUM krdy hn aus qoN vI ijAwdw auh AMgryzW nwl kr rhy
hn[ aunIN idnI keI is`KW nUM dyS nkwly idqy gey[
1851- 52 dI pMjwb injwm dI irport ivc iliKAw igAw ik purwx Kwlsy Bwv gurU
nwnk dy SrDwlU qW bxy rihxgy pr gurU goibMd dy isMG gwieb ho jwxgy[ auDr
1853 ivc mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM ikRScIAn bxwauxw is`KW nUM hor vI inrwS kr
igAw[
AMgryzW ny smJ ilAw ik jykr is`KW qy kMtrol krnw hY qW ienW dy gurduAwirAW
qy kMtrol kr lE[ EDr mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny sMn 1815 ivc drbwr swihb
hirmMdr qy iek srbrwh Bwv mYnyjr dI inXukqI kIqI sI[ AMgryzW nUM vI ies
audwhrx qoN iek bhwnw iml igAw[ hor qy hor pujwrIAW, rwgIAW, rbwbIAW sB qy
srkwr ny Awpxw kMtrol kr ilAw[
AMgryzW ny gurduAwirAW nUM audwsIAW dy hvwly kr idqw ijhVy AimRMqDwrI
gRMQIAW dy ault koeI Swsqr Awid nhIN sn rKdy[ hwlWik ik ieqhwisk
gurduAwirAW dI mwlIAq spSt qOr qy pMQ dy nW qy sI aus dy bwvjUd
gurduAwirAW qy sbMDq jmIn jwiedwdW dy ieMqkwl mhMqW dy nW qy kr idqy gey[
mhMqW ny gurduAwirAW 'c AnykW kurwihqW kIqIAW[ ieh iek suqMqr ivSw bxdw
hY[ ieh Eho dOr sI jd hrmMdr swihb dIAW prkrmW 'c ihMdU dyvI dyviqAW dIAW
kMDW qy mUrqW vwhIAW geIAW qy p`Qr dIAW iek do mUrqIAW ilAw sQwpq kr
idqIAW geIAW[ hMkwry hoey mhMq pivqR kVwh pRswid nUM keI vyrW Awpxy GoiVAW
nUM pwauNdy dyKy gey[ iek mhMq nUM iksy toikAw qW aus ny ieQoN q`k kih
idqw jo myrw krnw kr lE[ piv`qr gurduAwrw swihbwn AXwSI dy A`fy bx cuky
sn[ hrmMdr swihb dIAW pRkrmW 'c Jurmt bxw lok AwSkI dy ik`sy qy gjlo
SwierI krdy[ ieh mhMq SUdr jwqW qoN is`K bxy lokW nUM pRSwid dyxo vI mnw
kr idMdy qy gurduAwry AMdr vI nhIN sn vVn dyNdy[
AMgryz hwkmW ny sRI hirmMdr swihb nUM Awpxy eIsweI igrjw Gr bxwaux dI skIm
bxweI pr AkwlpurK v`loN hI ielwhI kOqk vwprn nwl ieh hwkm fr gey[ ieh Esy
dOr dw hI Asr sI ik bwAd ivc AMgryz duAwrw inXukq kIqy iek srbrwh rUV isMG
ny jilAW vwly bwg dy kwql jnrl fwier nUM isropw dy idqw sI[
mrdm SumwrI v`l vwps prqdy hoey[
1901 dI mrdm SumwrI dI irport 'c drz hY ik ikauNik aunIN idnIN bdo bdI
is`K lok Awpxy Awp nUM ihMdU ilKvw rhy sn[ pr mrdm SumwrI dw mqlb srkwr L
@dY ikauik nIqIAW bxwauxIAW @dIAW hn[ ijs krky Amly nUM hdwieq kIqI geI sI
ik Drm vwlw Kwnw Brn qoN pihlW zrw AzmW prK ky dyK lYx ik Gr is`KW dw hY
ik ihMdUAW dw[ irport ivc drj hY ik EdoN kuJ is`KW ny srkwr kol Skwieq vI
kIqI ik dyKo jI AsIN srkwrI Amly nUM kih rhy sI ik swfw Drm 'ihMdU' ilKo[
pr ienW ny bdo bdI swfy Drm dy Kwny 'c is`K iliKAw hY[ (pM.27 rwjIv kpUr-
is`K v`Kvwd)
1857 dy gdr ny AMgryzW L is`KW pRqI
rv`eIAw bdln qy socx leI mjbUr kIqw
sMn 1857 'c jdoN bMgwlI qy pUrbIAW ispwhIAW ny AMgryzW iKlwP bgwvq kIqI
audoN pMjwbIAW ny vI pUrbIAW qoN bdlw lY ilAw[ pMjwbIAW dw iglw sI ik
Kwlsw rwj nUM Kqm krwaux ivc sB qoN v`fI g`dwrI pUrbIAW ny hI kIqI sI[
pMjwbIAW iKlwP A`gy ho ky pUrbI hI lVy sn[ AMgryz POj qW 10% hI sI[ iPr
ijhVy pUrbIey APsr rxjIq isMG dy AwpxIAW POjW 'c BrqI kIqy hoey sn aunW ny
aus vkq qyj isMG qy lwl isMG Awid dI AgvweI ivc pMjwbIAW nwl g`dwrI kIqI
sI[ pUry pMjwb 'c ieh g`l PYl geI sI ik phwVI fogirAW qy pUrbIAW (BeIAW)
ny is`K rwj Kqm krvw idqw[ iPr sMn 1857 'c pMjwbIAW nuM cMgw mOkw imilAw
qy ienW ny pUrbIAW nUM KUb kuitAw[ audoN sqluj pwr dIAW is`K irAwsqW ijvyN
pitAwlw, PrIdkot, jINd, nwBw Awid ny f`t ky AMgryzW dI hmwieq kIqI sI[
jy 1857 vyly pMjwbI lok AgryjW dw swQ nw idMdy qW hux q`k Bwrq ivc mugl
rwj hI hoxw sI[
so gdr vyly jo is`KW qy hor pMjwbIAW AMgryzW dw swQ idqw aus krky AMgryzW
ny AwpxI pMjwb qy Kws krky is`K pRqI nIqI nUM dubwrw GiVAw[ pihlW is`KW
nUM iek nMbr dy duSmx mMndy sn[ ieiqhws GoiKAw pqw lgdw hY ik bwAd ivc qW
AMgryzW ny keI vwr is`KW dI mdd vI kIqI[
qy lE jdoN AMgryz dI nzr sv`lI hoeI
qW iPr ihMdU bxy is`KW ny iPr Awpxy Awp nUM is`K ilKwieAw[
dihSq krky jdoN is`K ihMdU bx gey qW iPr jdoN AMgryz dw rv`eIAw bdl igAw
qW aunW ivcoN kuJ ie`k ny gurUAW dy Drm is`KI jIvn nUM svIkwr kIqw[
1881 ivc is`K AbwdI 17 l`K
1891 - - 18 .5 l`K
1901 - 21 l`K
1911 - 27 l`K is`Dw hI 37% vwDw jd ik mrdm SumwrI ivc 2% dI igrwvt ilKI
hY[
ies vwDy dw mu`K kwrn is`KW ivc AweI jwgrqI sI[ lgdY ik AwrIAw smwj dy
ivroDI pRcwr qy isMG sBw lihr dw pRcwr Awpxw rMg idKw irhw sI[
Agsq 1896 ivc jdoN AwrIAw smwjIAW ny koeI 200 is`KW dy lhOr ivc kys k`t ky
AKOqI SuDI kIqI qW is`KW dIAW A`KW Ku`l geIAW[ EdoN is`KW nUM mihsUs hoxw
SurU hoieAw ik is`K Drm ihMdU mq qoN Alwihdw hY[
AwrIAw smwj : AMgryzW dI dyx ?
rwjIv kpUr ilKdw hY :-
''gujrwq dy sMinAwsI idAwnMd ny sMn 1875 ivc ihMdU Drm nUM muV KVw krn
Kwqr smwj dI nINh r`KI[ aus jor dy ky ikhw ik pRmwqmw duAwrw aucwry gey
purwqn vyd hI hr pRkwr dy igAwn dw AwDwr hn[ idAwnMd ny Awpxw pUrw qwx lw
ky bRwhmxw nwl Dwrimk crcw clweI pr ausnUM Kws sPlqw nw imlI['' (pMnw 20
is`K v`Kvwd )
pRis`D ieiqhwskwr gMfw isMG ilKdw hY :-
''AwrIAw smwj dI Dwrimk pRcwr krn dI ivDI sI: dUsry DrmW qy sMprdwvW dy
pYgMbrW qy gurUAW qy aunW dI isiKAw dI hyTI krnw, ies krky BwrqI smwj ivc
jo kdI iKcwA jW dUsry pRqI S`k vyiKAw jWdw hY aus vwsqy bhuq h`d q`k smwj
ijMmyvwr hY[ 1946-47 dy KUn ipAwsy dMgy vI eysy dw hI kwrn sn[ iesdw bIj
suAwmI ny 1675 ivc ihMdI ivc siqAwrQ pRkwS nW dI ikqwb Cwp ky kIqw[ suAwmI
ny ibnW kwrn hI dUsry mjHbW qy aunW dy bwnIAW iKlwP B`dI bolI vrqI hY[ ijs
krky AwrIAw smwj iKlwP kVvwht auqpn hoeI[ muslmwnW qy smwjIAw ivc iKcwA
viDAw ijs dy nqIjy vjoN iesdy lIfrW pMifq, lyKrwj AwrIAw, muswiPr qy svwmI
SrDw nMd dy kql kr idqy gey["
"iPr pMjwb ivc vI 1873 ivc is`K jwgrqI lihr isMG sBw dw jnm ho cukw sI,
suAwmI ijhVw bu`qpRsqI iKlwP lihr KVI krn dy auprwly 'c sI aus nwl isMG
sBweIey vI pRBwvq hoey[ suAwmI nUM pMjwb s`idAw igAw[ lwlw lwjpq rwey ny
ijvyN ik iliKAw hY ik, ''ikauNik is`K guruAW ny jmIn qW pihlW hI iqAwr kr
r`KI sI AwrIAw smwj dw bUtw pMjwb ivc J`t pRPluq ho igAw['' BweI jvwhr
isMG qy igAwnI id`q isMG vrgy is`K ivdvwnW ny pUry jor Sor nwl AwrIAw smwj
leI kMm kIqw qy fI.ey.vI kwlj lwhOr dI sMn 1886 ivc sQwpnw kIqI[ pr nvMbr
1888 dy jnrl iejlws ivc is`K gurUAW, qy gurU gMRQ swihb qy is`KW iKlwP jo
gYr ijMmyvwrwnW qy nPrq BrIAW qkrIrW pMfq gurU d`q, lyK rwj qy lwlw
murlIDr ny kIqIAW aus kwrn is`KW AwrIAw smwj qoN Awpxw nwqw qoV ilAw[ aus
auprMq vI jo iesiqhwrbwjI AwrIAw ny jwrI r`KI aus nwl Prk v`Ddw hI igAw[''
(pMjwb pwst AYNf pRYsMt ijld s`qvIN Bwg pihlw - ieMtro)
pMjwb pwst AYNf pRysMt dy pMnw 263 qoN 268 q`k: EGy AwrIAw smwjIAW dy
kQnW, qkrIrW qy ilKqW dw 1910 dw kIqw hoieAw iek`T ieh Aiq Tos sbUq idMdw
hY ik pMfq idAwnMd AMgryz swmrwj dy auGy pRsMsk Aqy mddgwr sn[ aus dw
socxw sI ik ieh AMgryz hkUmq dI hI dyx hY ik purwqn ihMdU SwsqrW dw AiDAYn
sMBv ho sikAw hY[ suAwmI mMndy sI ik AMgryz hkUmq BwrqIAW leI pRmwqmw dw
iek vrdwn hY[ nhIN qW AsIN aunW lokW dy qrs qy inrBr krnw sI ijMnW dy
pYgMbr ny ikhw sI ikrpwn hI sB qoN v`fI dlIl hY[
ienW ivc A`gy iliKAw hY ik ''AwrIAw smwjIAW ivcoN iek lwlw lwjpq rwie hI
hoieAw hY ijs ny rwjnIqI ivc vI ih`sw ilAw pr auh vI 1905 eI. qoN bwAd ivc
hI[ iPr hr koeI jwxdw hY ik lwlw jI AMgryz hkUmq dy iKlwP nhIN sn[ aunW dI
rwjnIqI AMgryzW leI nukswn rihq hoieAw krdI sI[''so gurduAwirAW qoN pRcwr
SurU krn vwlw idAw nMd jd pMjwb dw mhOl pUrI qrW smJ jWdw hY qW iPr aunW
hI gurduAwirAW iKlwP bolxw SurU kr idMdw hY[ ieh vI aunW hwlwqW 'c jd ik
pMjwboN bwhr aunUM iksy vI nhIN sI J`ilAw[
bMgwlI qy XU.pI dy bRwhmxW ny pMjwb 'c jo pMjwb ivroDI bRwhmx mMflI iqAwr
kIqI sI auh swrI idAwnMd dI JolI 'c jw pYNdI hY[ Xwd rhy audoN is`K rwj jW
pMjwbI rwj nUM hr hIly BMifAW jw irhw sI[ so AMgryz rwj nUM vrdwn kihx
vwlw idAwnMd pMjwbIAW dI eykqw ivc v`fI SRyxI swbq huMdw hY[
iPr dyKo AMgryzI srkwr SrDw rwm iPlOrI dIAW syvwvW KrIddI hY ik is`KW nUM
BMifAw jwvy[ SrDw rwm jgw jgHw jw ky viKAwn idMdw hY qy inSwnw gurU
swihbwn nuM bxwaudw hY[ (pM: pwst AYNf pRY: ijld 7 pMnw 32) AMimRqsr
jilAwvwlw bwg ivc Aw ky qW auh nym nwl is`KW iKlwP pRcwr krdw irhw[ aus
qoN iek ikqwb vI ilKweI geI 'is`KW dy rwj dI iviQAw' lwhOr dy iek kwlj
(fI.ey.vI) ny ieh ikqwb ividAwrQIAW leI lwjmI vI kr idqI[
iPr AMgryz pMjwb ivc Aw ky ihMdUAW q`k ieho sunyhw dyxw cwhuMdy hn ik auh
mhwn Bwrq dI purwqn s`iBAqw dy rKvwly hn[ swnUM AnykW somy imldy hn ijs 'c
auh kutl nIqI rwhIN ihMdU lokW nUM Awpxy nwl joVnw locdy hn[ EDr aunW dI
APsrSwhI qy Amlw qW 90% pUrbIAW qy bMgwlIAW dw huMdw hY[
pRdySI bwbUAW dy AwKy lg, AwrIAw smwjIAW ny pMjwbI bolI dI ivroDqw sMn
1880 ivc hI kr idqI sI[(dyKo pMjwb pwst AYNf pRysMt 26/1 )
pMjwb ivc BwSw dy nW qy jo doPwV idsdI hY AsIN smJdy sW ik ieh kWgrs dI
pweI hoeI hY[ ieiqhws GoKx qy swfIAW A`KW Ku`l geIAW ik ieh Srwrq qW
AMgryzW dy bMgwlI qy pUrbI bwbUAW dI SurU kIqI hoeI hYy[ ijs ipCy Swqr
AMgryz idmwg kMm kr irhw sI[ AsIN pMjwbI lok qW mohrw bx gey[
hoieAw kuJ ies qrW ik sMn 1882 qoN pihlW pUrw auN`qr Bwrq vI klk`qw
XUnIvristI qihq sI[ id`lI ivc vI XUnIvristI nhIN sI[ EdoN Bwrq dI rwjDwnI
vI klk`qw hI hoieAw krdI sI[ sMn 1880 dy nyVy qyVy pMjwb XUnIvristI bxwaux
bwbq aus vyly dy vwiesrwie lwrf irpn ny AYlwn kr idqw[
audoN iPr suAwl ivcwirAw jw irhw sI ik lwhOr XUnIvristI ivc XUrpIn qrj qy
pVweI hovy jW iPr BwrqI qrj qy islybs iqAwr krvwey jwx[ iek AMgryz BwSw
ivgAwnI jI. fblXU. lItnr dI ieCw sI lwhOr XUnIvristI 'c eySIAn qrj dI
pVweI Bwv dysI pVweI SurU hovy[
ies qzvIj dw sB qoN pihlW ivroD bMgwlI bwbUAW ny kr id`qw[ auh iksy vI
sUrq ivc auN`qrI Bwrq klk`qy qoN inKVdw nhIN sn dyKxw cwhuMdy[ pr hYrwnI
dI g`l dyKo ik A`j dys BgqI dw g`l krn vwlw AwrIAw smwj J`t bMgwlIAW dI
ip`T qy Aw KVw hoieAw qy iesny vI pUrbI jW dysI igAwn dI r`j ky BMfI kIqI
qy ikhw ik XUrpIn igAwn nwl ies mulk dw Blw ho skdw hY[ AwrIAw qW ieQo q`k
kih idqw ik BwrqIAW dy h`k dI g`l hovygI jy AMgryz do sdIAW hor ieQy rwj
krn[
EDr srkwrI AKbwr isvl AYNf imltrI gjt ny bMgwlIAW dI iKcweI kIqI ik dyKo
ienW nUM klk`qw XUnIvristI dw hyj eyQy bYiTAW nUM hI sqweI jw irhw hY[
pMjwbI leI sB qoN bdiksmq smW EdoN AwieAw jd sMn 1881 eI. ivc bRhmo smwj
qy AwrIAw smwj ny pMjwb ivc 'dyvngrI ivc ihMdI' leI muihMm dsKq muihMm
ArMBI ik skUlW kwljW Aqy kichrIAW 'c ihMdI bolI lwgU kIqI jwvy[ lwlw lwjpq
ny Awpxw rwjnIqk jIvn eysy qoN SurU kIqw[
EdoN aus AMgryz isiKAw SwsqrI iltnr ny pMjwbI dI bVI vkwlq kIqI sI[ audoN
aus ny sr s`Xd Aihmd KW dI dlIl nUM k`tdy hoey pMjwb XUnIvristI
ieMtYlIjYNs ivc iliKAw ik auVdU pUry auN`qrI Bwrq dI BwSw nhIN ho skdI[ KW
ny AMjUmn ie pMjwb dI mMg dy ivroD ivc dlIlW idqIAW ik pMjwbI BwSw nUM
lwgU krn qy hukmrwn qy jnqw ivc vkPw v`D skdw hY G`tygw nhIN[ kihx qoN Bwv
ik EdoN suAwl AMgryzI qy pMjwbI dw sI[ bMgwlI qy pUrbIey pMjwbI nUM muSkl
igxdy hoey ihMdI dI vkwlq kr rhy sn ikauNik Asl muSkl pMjwbI nwl aunW nUM
hI sI[
Xwd rhy ik bMgwl dy bRwhmx smwj dI iekweI lwhOr ivc 1863 ivc hI Ku`l geI
sI[ pMjwb dy hor vI v`fy SihrW 'c bRhmo iekweIAW Kolx dI koiSS kIqI geI pr
iksy pMjwbI ny aunW nUM Gwh nhIN pwieAw[ lwhOr rwjDwnI hox krky AMgryzW dw
swrw bwbU qbkw bMgwlI qy bHeIey hI sn[
hW aunW idnW ivc pMjwbI dI jy iksy vkwlq kIqI qW auh sI lwlw ibhwrI lwl[
iPr hMtr kimSn jdoN pMjwb AwieAw qW iPr auVdU qy ihMdI dw svwl KVw krn dI
koiSS kIqI geI[ AMgryz iltnr qy isMG sBw ny jo pMjwbI dI vkwlq kIqI aus dw
ivroD iPr bMgwlIAW ny itRibaUn AKbwr rWhI kIqw[ ieh vI Xwd rhy ik srkwrI
bwbUAW ny hI suAwmI idAw nMd nUM pMjwb Awaux dw s`dw idqw sI, ikauNik aunW
nUM pqw sI ik srkwrI nIqI pMjwbIAW Aqy is`K Drm bwbq kI hY? bMgwlIAW ny hI
idAwnMd nUM slwh id`qI sI ik auh QoVw ivhwrk bxy qy AYvyN mrI hoeI bolI
sMsikRq nUM ijMdw krn dI koisS C`f dyvy qy ilKq pVq glbwq ihMdusqwnI 'c hI
kirAw kry[ idAwnMd iPr sMn 1877 ivc lwhOr pDwirAw[ idAwnMd dI AMgryz
holrwief jo aus vkq pMjwb dw sk`qr sI aus nUM imlnw qy hor dUsry Aihm APsr
girPq nMU imlnw kwbly gOr mslw hY[ iek auN`c APsr pRcwrk nUM ikEN imlygw?
jvwb sp`St hY ik koeI goNd guMdI jw rhI sI[ EdoN dy iek smwcwr p`qr ijs dw
nW AKbwr-ie-Awm sI dy 19-11-1881 dy AMk ivc kuJ hyT ilKI gl ilKI hY ijs
qoN sihj hI AMdwjw lwieAw jw skdw hY ik pMjwb dy hwlwq audoN kI sn[ ieQy
AKbwr ivc sQwnk srkwrW KVIAW krn dI ijkr cl irhw hY Bwv pMcwieqW
mauspYltIAW nUM SurU krn dI g`l cl rhI hY[ ''iehI p`kI g`l hY ik pMjwb nUM
kdI vI ies kwbl nhIN smiJAw jwvygw ikauNik ieQoN dy vsnIk dUsry sUibAW dy
mukwbly ijAwdw Kqrnwk AYlwny jw cuky hn[ pihlW hI ieQy AMgryzI pVweI qy
rok lwaux leI sKq kwrvweIAW cl rhIAW hn['' is`KW dI G`tdI AbwdI dy kwrn
eIQn ky morYnko - AwpxI jgq pRisD pusqk 'is`K smwj dw bdldw srUp' dy pMnw
85 qy ilKdI hY: (Xwd rhy 1849 qoN pihlW ihMdU is`K iek igxy jWdy sn)
"ijvyN ik pihlw ijkr Aw cukw hY ik ies mOky is`KW dI igxqI G`t rhI sI
ikauNik aunW dI rwjnIqk cVq bs ho cukI sI[ ijvyN ik mwJw ijhVw ik is`KI dw
Durw igixAw jWdw hY EQy vI igxqI Gt rhI hY qW AMgryzW ny not kIqw ik is`K
Drm qy rwjnIqI AYs vyly igrwvt v`l hn[ ikauNik bhuq swry is`K vwps ihMdU
bxdy jw rhy hn[ j`tW dI cVq vyK ky is`K rwj mOky bhuq swry auc jwqI ihMdU
is`K bx gey sn[ is`K rwj vyly jo is`KW dI AwbwdI sI 1851 dI mrdm SumwrI 'c
aus qoN bhuq G`t vyKI geI hY[ 1851 dI irport ivc iliKAw imldw hY ik purwxy
is`K Kqm ho rhy ny qy bicAW nUM ihMdU sMskwrW ADIn pwilAw jw irhw hY[ nvyN
bxy is`K bhuq G`t hn[ ikauNik is`KI rwjnIqk qOr qy Kqm ho cukI hY bhuq
swry is`K vwps ihMdU bx gey hn["Ð |
