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labelthumbs({"version":"1.0","encoding":"UTF-8","feed":{"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom","xmlns$openSearch":"http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/","xmlns$blogger":"http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008","xmlns$georss":"http://www.georss.org/georss","xmlns$gd":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005","xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-09-14T13:23:31.128-07:00"},"category":[{"term":"Khalistan"},{"term":"2013"},{"term":"xvi"},{"term":"1"},{"term":"3"},{"term":"xxii"},{"term":"xx"},{"term":"xxi"},{"term":"2"},{"term":"xiv"},{"term":"xvii"},{"term":"xviii"},{"term":"4"},{"term":"xv"},{"term":"12"},{"term":"tout"},{"term":"xix"},{"term":"6"},{"term":"7"},{"term":"xxiv"},{"term":"5"},{"term":"8"},{"term":"Facebook"},{"term":"VADH BACHEY"},{"term":"11"},{"term":"ARCHAEOLOGY"},{"term":"Kartarpur"},{"term":"9"},{"term":"photos"},{"term":"10"},{"term":"ISSUE24"},{"term":"gurmat"},{"term":"xxiii"},{"term":"13"},{"term":"CHITTISINGHPORA"},{"term":"Jatt"},{"term":"Khatri"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Punjab Monitor"},"subtitle":{"type":"html","$t":"Archives of Punjab Monitor the Magazine of Punjabees"},"link":[{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/posts\/default"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/-\/1?alt=json-in-script\u0026orderby=updated"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/search\/label\/1"},{"rel":"hub","href":"http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"generator":{"version":"7.00","uri":"http://www.blogger.com","$t":"Blogger"},"openSearch$totalResults":{"$t":"22"},"openSearch$startIndex":{"$t":"1"},"openSearch$itemsPerPage":{"$t":"25"},"entry":[{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-8731317544624929755"},"published":{"$t":"2019-03-06T19:45:00.005-08:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2023-07-01T10:28:52.409-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Jatt"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Khatri"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"  PUNJABI GOTRA NAMES ARE BASED ON ORIGINAL AREA THE TRIBE CAME FROM"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\nਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਗੋਤਰਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ ਉਸ ਇਲਾਕੇ ਦੇ ਅਧਾਰ ਤੇ ਹਨ ਜਿਥੋਂ ਕਬੀਲਾ ਆਇਆ ਸੀ\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\nTREHAN FROM TEHRAN\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\nSEE HERE THE AREA FROM WHERE THE GOTRA ORIGINALLY CAME FROM\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E-----\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/jindaginama.com\/pbi-sub-caste-names-roots\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EThis research is substantially improved. Please visit the link given below\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/jindaginama.com\/pbi-sub-caste-names-roots\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/jindaginama.com\/pbi-sub-caste-names-roots\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Eਇਸ ਖੋਜ ਵਿਚ ਬਹੁਤ ਸੁਧਾਰ ਕਰ ਦਿਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ ਤੇ ਕੋਈ 100 ਹੋਰ ਗੋਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਜੜ੍ਹ ਲੱਭ ਲਈ ਗਈ ਹੈ। ਮਿਹਰਬਾਨੀ ਕਰਕੇ ਹੇਠ ਦਿੱਤੇ ਲਿੰਕ ਤੇ ਜਾ ਕੇ ਵੇਖ ਲਓ:\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003Ehttps:\/\/jindaginama.com\/pbi-sub-caste-names-roots\/\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E------------------------\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiduD5KhYMVeOM4qKBNQIKcdm-4LU9NVyi6SJ3CJW26T_9x4lE6g8x3JiDL9gYcrJQnrP1NC9KvFyLNZiyr6iWRrdhGlB8BTzi6W6ezZ9ZzpqpewSeJPqYm87DeHlP8jNyBpDV9B0_KAwf7\/s1600\/B.S.Goraya+photo.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1600\" data-original-width=\"1200\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiduD5KhYMVeOM4qKBNQIKcdm-4LU9NVyi6SJ3CJW26T_9x4lE6g8x3JiDL9gYcrJQnrP1NC9KvFyLNZiyr6iWRrdhGlB8BTzi6W6ezZ9ZzpqpewSeJPqYm87DeHlP8jNyBpDV9B0_KAwf7\/s320\/B.S.Goraya+photo.jpg\" width=\"240\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EAuthor: B.S.Goraya\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWith the grace of Baba Nanak\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003Esome of my researches in this field are of international repute. Thus often\nmy young friends of FB and \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EWhattsapp ask\nme\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eas to what is the origin of Goraya\npeople. Please note that the names of gotras are originally the names of tribes\nwhich were obsorbed in the respective Jaats (Castes). And further the name of a\ntribe or Kabila is often based on the area they migrated from. Our Punjab (West\nand East) is a conglomeration of people who migrated from West especially\npresent Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and some from\nIraq and Arab also. This happened roughly between 2000 to 3500 years ago.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nWe have very clear evidence of existence of Khatri people\nin Iran at the time of Emperor Darius.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nSome of the following Gotra names will prove my point:\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n1. Gill from Gilan in present Iran \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n2. Randhawa from Ardabil in present Iran\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n3. Bajwa from Azerbaijan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n4. Basra from Basra area in Iraq\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n5. Sodhi from Sughdi in Tajikistan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n6. Bedi from Bagdis in Afghanistan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n6. Khurana from Khurasan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n7. Kohli from Kohestan in Afghanistan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n8. Janjua from Jaujan area in Afghanistan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n9. Trehan from Tehran area in Iran\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n10. Kahlon from Khosat\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n11. Bal from Balakh afghanistan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n12. Bassi from Bushahar\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n13. Chadda from Charsadda in Pakistan and Afghanistan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n15. Hundal the Hun people of History\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n16. Chhina from China the Kashgar area in China\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n17. Khanna from Khujestan in Iran\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n18. Malhi from Multan or the Mulasthan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n19. Koonar from Koonar in afghanistan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n20. Sahni from Isfahan in Iran. (sometimes one may feel that\nthey emerged from Sistan also)\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n21. Takharh from Takharh in Afghanistan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n22. Koonar from Koonar in Afghanistan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n23. Samra from Samarkand\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n24. Minhas from Mashhad in Iran\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n25. Dhir from Dhi Kar area in Iran\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n26. Dhawan from Dhamavand in Iran\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n27. Sarna from Sharvan in Azerbaizan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n28. Behal from Behabad Iran\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n29. Aidan from Abadan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n30. Bali from Abali Uzbekistan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n31. Khangura from Ukhangaro, Uzbekistan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n32. Osahan from Ushnavih, Iran\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n33. Bhasin from Badakshan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n34. Khara from Bukhara\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n35. Vohra from Bokhtar, Iran (initiall the name was Bohkar\nmeans broom which became Vohra from Bohkar)\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n35. Chahal from Chal in Afghanistan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n36. Zaijee from Zajji in Afghanistan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n38. Vij from Awazik in Iran\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n39. Dutta from Daultabad in Uzbek\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n40. Bhalla from Bala Balluk in Afghanistan\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n41. Khosla from Khost in Iran (Khost wala)\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n42- Goraya from Bajaur now in Pakistan. (Though\u0026nbsp; town named Goraya do exist in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan also)\u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n---B.S.Goraya \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhp81dsTkUwNHxwaSLV8GFKLtG9M6wL6PRx7IiLa4j8vMa06ZV8h-f0FSyE5_qRuOANhdp9AcqaxhflXu20mUehFP78qGuYu7H7nQ_LK10toKwmLkzi2WvljgSehqjp0BIvEUVyDasUNfk\/s1002\/kidney.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1002\" data-original-width=\"829\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhp81dsTkUwNHxwaSLV8GFKLtG9M6wL6PRx7IiLa4j8vMa06ZV8h-f0FSyE5_qRuOANhdp9AcqaxhflXu20mUehFP78qGuYu7H7nQ_LK10toKwmLkzi2WvljgSehqjp0BIvEUVyDasUNfk\/s320\/kidney.jpg\" width=\"265\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/8731317544624929755\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2019\/03\/punjabi-gotra-names-are-based-on.html#comment-form","title":"15 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/8731317544624929755"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/8731317544624929755"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2019\/03\/punjabi-gotra-names-are-based-on.html","title":"  PUNJABI GOTRA NAMES ARE BASED ON ORIGINAL AREA THE TRIBE CAME FROM"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"B.S Goraya"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/04428449179181632466"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiduD5KhYMVeOM4qKBNQIKcdm-4LU9NVyi6SJ3CJW26T_9x4lE6g8x3JiDL9gYcrJQnrP1NC9KvFyLNZiyr6iWRrdhGlB8BTzi6W6ezZ9ZzpqpewSeJPqYm87DeHlP8jNyBpDV9B0_KAwf7\/s72-c\/B.S.Goraya+photo.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"15"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-1343729015593948728"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-01T02:55:00.000-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-10-26T19:12:52.691-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"ROMA THE PUNJABI EMIGRANTS ABROAD"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv 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\u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"59\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Table Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Placeholder Text\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"No Spacing\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Revision\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjAVYTiaGhiXRSGFQHiCbFgnOcpCsJiwdOtxG60HCe_LSjmcW2TKKREvAzTs9wJnDkIGASQBt283WiW38upYZHa3GGNuH79Gv065JQtVzPbIsAdasBr2rKEFvWr_UV49wogFmp6whDxanU\/s1600\/1.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjAVYTiaGhiXRSGFQHiCbFgnOcpCsJiwdOtxG60HCe_LSjmcW2TKKREvAzTs9wJnDkIGASQBt283WiW38upYZHa3GGNuH79Gv065JQtVzPbIsAdasBr2rKEFvWr_UV49wogFmp6whDxanU\/s200\/1.jpg\" height=\"200\" width=\"144\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003EROMA THE PUNJABI EMIGRANTS ABROAD\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nDr. W. R. Rishi\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEidchjzy6OzWjyodyu23xvwQwWM0M3r8WGxaT_wKQQ3NO2SSWaA9ArfdmlMHqj46V-31LeCpUe5BBURrs5Su403Q2n6a5j9_TmAbvg4Z0wAc-nt3SuVXDZ_akG_0XJjR6jICzbTuq1Z3es\/s1600\/4a.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nRoma are the Punjabi people who migrated abroad centuries\nago. Proud of being Punjabis these intelligent and enterprising people are\nstill preserving their linguistic, cultural and physical distinctions, peculiar\nto the Punjabis only.\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/05\/roma-punjabi-immigrants-overseas-since.html\"\u003Eplease also see article in Punjabi:\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/05\/roma-punjabi-immigrants-overseas-since.html\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: blue;\"\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/05\/roma-punjabi-immigrants-overseas-since.html \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjAVYTiaGhiXRSGFQHiCbFgnOcpCsJiwdOtxG60HCe_LSjmcW2TKKREvAzTs9wJnDkIGASQBt283WiW38upYZHa3GGNuH79Gv065JQtVzPbIsAdasBr2rKEFvWr_UV49wogFmp6whDxanU\/s1600\/1.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThd Roma (the so-called Gypsies of Europe, Russia, Central\nand Middle Asia and the Americas) are mainly the descendents of the Rajputs and\nthe Jats of Nsrth India, comprising the states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal\nPradesh, Union Territory of Delhi and adjacent parts of Rajasthan and Jammu and\nKashmir. The ancestors of the Roma were forced to migrate to foreign lands\nafter the Muslim invasions started during llth to 13th centuries A.D. The\nemigrants were not only Rajputs, but also Jats and Khatris (Kshatriyas), the\nrulers of principalities or the heads of republics and the fighter and warrior\nclass. ln order to be self-sufficient and to allow inner mobility they\nattracted men and women from all the population groups which included Lobanas,\nRanjaras and Tandas (classed under traders), Saudagars (horse dealers), Lohars\n(ironsmiths), Munition makers, priests Gujjars (from Sanskrit word\n'gocar\"cow grazers) etc. In the inimitable words\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eof Mr. S,S. Ray, a former governor of Punjab,\nthe Roma are the first NRls (Non-resident Indians). Whenever one talks of the\nRoma of Europe etc., one at once erroneously connects them with the so-called\ngypsies of India\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEidchqxkyZ-X4ln1jj4Bnoi_SUuKIT0WxbfqC4yWbUFX85OixXrGZYqH6lE6Mhki1bo-Or1OPaeBpfPAg6RWrRHI1g7227j1yhrdcddWY1HBKCsRzjuUalCckglBo9u2nVmf5Po5oYNFO0\/s1600\/5b.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEidchqxkyZ-X4ln1jj4Bnoi_SUuKIT0WxbfqC4yWbUFX85OixXrGZYqH6lE6Mhki1bo-Or1OPaeBpfPAg6RWrRHI1g7227j1yhrdcddWY1HBKCsRzjuUalCckglBo9u2nVmf5Po5oYNFO0\/s320\/5b.jpg\" height=\"320\" width=\"233\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe word gypsy used in dealing with tribes is employed in purely\nconventional sense of vagrant' and should not be taken in any way to suggest\ntheir connection with the I the Roma of Europe etc. All over India, there are\nnomad castes or tribes who are gypsy like in their mode of life habits, trades\nand character but they use the dialects of the districts whence they come or\nwhere they are found, differing entirely from one another and in no way\nresembling the Romani people and their language. The Roma people possess\ndistinctive North Indian cultural and physical traits and all speak Romani\nlanguage which has its base in Sanskrit. Most of their customs, habits and\nmodes of life and living strikingly resemble the people of Punjab and its\nsurrounding areas that they can aptly be called our close cousins.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; height: 446px; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left; width: 335px;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEidchjzy6OzWjyodyu23xvwQwWM0M3r8WGxaT_wKQQ3NO2SSWaA9ArfdmlMHqj46V-31LeCpUe5BBURrs5Su403Q2n6a5j9_TmAbvg4Z0wAc-nt3SuVXDZ_akG_0XJjR6jICzbTuq1Z3es\/s1600\/4a.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEidchjzy6OzWjyodyu23xvwQwWM0M3r8WGxaT_wKQQ3NO2SSWaA9ArfdmlMHqj46V-31LeCpUe5BBURrs5Su403Q2n6a5j9_TmAbvg4Z0wAc-nt3SuVXDZ_akG_0XJjR6jICzbTuq1Z3es\/s320\/4a.jpg\" height=\"320\" width=\"271\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"color: red;\"\u003EThe writer Dr. W. R. Rishi an ex-IFS, is an authority on\nRoma Studies. Primarily a scholar of Russian languages, he is the author of the\nfirst ever published Russian-Hindi Dictionary which has a Dr. W. R. Rishi\nforward by Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru. He has been awarded Padamshri for his contribution\nin the field of Linguistics; Shromani Sahitkar by Punjab Govt. and the Soviet\nLand Nehru Award. He is the Honorary President of International Romani Union,\nDirector of the Indian Institute of Romani Studies and Editor of journal on\nROMA. He is also available on the world’s INTERNET Web, with the details of his\nbook on ROMA. Those who have connection with INTERNET and are interested to get\nauthentic information about the Roma can contact at No.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.aloha.net\/bohem\/rishroma.html\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThey are called by different names in different countries:\nManush (a Sanskrit word) in France, Sinti (Sindhi ?) in Germany, Tsigani in the\nformer USSR, Bulgaria etc., Multani in Central Asian Republics of the former\nSoviet Union, Zotts (Jats) in Middle Asia, Kale (Black) and Gitano in Spain,\nKalderash (kaltarash makers of machines) in some of other countries, Badguljiye\nin Yugoslavia etc. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nTo denote themselves as a close-knit nationality, they have\nadopted for themselves the name Roma (singular is Rom) and hate to be referred\nto as Gypsies. With the passage of time, the names of their gods and goddesses\nhave changed but the ideas and the ideals symbolised by them are the same and\nso are many of the rituals connected with them. Now, for example, St. Sarah. is\nthe Goddess of Fate and Fortune of the Roma. The idol of St. Sarah is enshrined\nin the crypt of the church of St. Maries de la Mer, a village on the\nMediterranean Sea coast in the south of France. A fair is held from 23rd May to\n25th May every year when the Roma from all countries of the world come to pay\nhomage to their Goddess. They burn candles and offer clothes etc. to their\nGoddess. ln the evening the idol of St.Sarah is taken in a pro- cession to the\nSea coast followed by huge crowds of Roma singing and chanting \"Vive St.\nSarah\". Symbolic immersion, of the idol in the Mediterranean waters is\nperformed, the statue being brought back and placed once again in the crypt of\nthe church. St. Sarah is none else than the Indian Goddess Durga whose idol is\ntaken in a procession during the Durga pooja (worship) in October every year in\nIndia and is, thereafter, immersed in the nearby river or pond. perhaps the\nRoma do not immerse the idol of St. Sarah and are content only with its\nsymbolic immersion because it is not only costly but also difficult to make a\nnew one every year. But they continue to follow the Indian rituals to this\nday.' On further research it was found that St. Sarah is in fact Sati Sara\n(Sati sar) Indian goddess Uma (consort of Lord Siva) who is also worshipped on\nvarious occasions in different forms and names such as Bhadrakali (Kali),\nShyama (Black Goddess), Durga, Kalhana's Raj Trangini and Nilmata. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiNhUT5Lwla8WY4_MEZqvViEUIqOHUa2CcCfbjFPngql0S4HC7IGuEGKMhD9Y-h-QvrVFVmeBpeWPJ2BU2GJ4jV1SA5pbEQOmnzkY8knzEYoyIxwnEcBjtE_ykHWHYafxYXL7WSvHPI6w0\/s1600\/5a.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiNhUT5Lwla8WY4_MEZqvViEUIqOHUa2CcCfbjFPngql0S4HC7IGuEGKMhD9Y-h-QvrVFVmeBpeWPJ2BU2GJ4jV1SA5pbEQOmnzkY8knzEYoyIxwnEcBjtE_ykHWHYafxYXL7WSvHPI6w0\/s320\/5a.jpg\" height=\"320\" width=\"169\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe Romani language also belongs to the new Indian languages\nof India (or lndo- Aryan) branch of the lndo-European family of languages' ln\nother words, Romani may be regarded as an Indian language spoken outside India,\nwhich like other vernaculars has assumed some- thing resembling 'its present\nform after the break-up of the older synthetic system. Romani language can be\ncalled a dialect of Punjabi language spoken outside India. Romani has an\ninfluence of the Rajasthani language but it is closer to Punjabi language and\ncontains a large number of words which are the same in the Punjabi language. Professor\nSaip Jusuf of erstwhile Yugoslavia says. \"We, today's Roma, originating\nfrom our ancient land, India, have carried our old Punjabi language from which\nthe present Romani language is strengthened, as a dialect of Punjabi, through\ndifferent parts of the world and to this have been added the words of languages\nof those among whom we have lived for many years.\" The affinity between\nthe two languages - Punjabi and Romani is so close that with a little knowledge\nof the structure of Romani language' a person knowing Punjabi language can\neasily understand the Romani language and vice versa. The PunJabi University, Patiala,\nhas already published my research work entitled \"Roma - The Punjabi Emigrants\nto Europe, the USSR, the Americas etc.\" and the Language Department of\nPunjab has published my Romani-Punjabi-English Dictionary and Romani-Punjabi-\nEnglish Conversation Book.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe Roma have migrated fro northern India. Their ABO (a\nsyste of classifying blood groups by which different sets of people can be identified)\nfrequencies also strongly support such an origin. The distribution of blood\ngroups among the Roma corresponds to that of the high military castes in India,\nand are characterised not by the high percentage of group B alone but by the\nmost stable distribution of the percentage of ABO that may be found in India\nand Europe. To highlight these affinities between the Romani people and their Indian\ncounterparts, the Roma first organised themselves in 1971, when the First World\nRomani Congress was held in London. The Second Congress was held at Geneva in\n'1978 when they passed a resolution formally declaring themselves as persons of\nIndian origin. The 3rd Romani Congress was held in '1981 at Gottingen\n(W.Germany) and here they recalled the genocide of half a million of Roma by\nthe Nazis. This was admitted by the then German Chancellor Schmidt officially\nand he promised to help them as much as possible. The fourth World Romani\nCongress was held at Warsaw (Poland) in 1990. In India also, the Indian Institute\nof Romani Studies was formally inaugurated by late Giani Zail Singh, the then\nChief Minister of Punjab, at Chandigarh on the 24 December, 1973, before a\ndistinguished gathering and the student community at the Panjab University\ncampus at Chandigarh in 1976. More than 60 prominent Roma delegates\nparticipated in this Festival. The Roma kissed the sacred soil of India and\nwere able to meet their Indian phralas (brethren). People of India also got the\nopportunity to see, with their own eyes, their Roma phralas who till today have\npreserved Indian language and culture which their ancestors carried to distant\nlands.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhOdgkFdy3Li9UAmY61CT-Q7eAptdjwupaMm3HcQf45cRkd6c7jA4KwdKDUf81rGoWa1xaTmKrcjodGYSF0Grn7QjplL4Go_OZ60-HtUUVJcbaEghNMz2wstEq_w_LmKb0VI1z1SOrI7pM\/s1600\/4b.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhOdgkFdy3Li9UAmY61CT-Q7eAptdjwupaMm3HcQf45cRkd6c7jA4KwdKDUf81rGoWa1xaTmKrcjodGYSF0Grn7QjplL4Go_OZ60-HtUUVJcbaEghNMz2wstEq_w_LmKb0VI1z1SOrI7pM\/s1600\/4b.jpg\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EShrimati lndira\nGandhi and the late Shri Fakhrrudin Ali Ahmed the then President, met the\nRomani delegates. Shrimati Indira Gandhi was with them for more than an hour,\nand called them the messengers of peace. She also added that she has been\ntaking interest in the Roma since her childhood. The second International Roma\nFestival was also held at Chandigarh from 29th to 31st October, 1083. Top Roma\nleaders and artistes from several countries participated in it. The festival\nwas inaugurated by the then Prime Minister, Shrimati lndira Gandhi. Welcoming\nthe Roma delegates and artistes to their ancestral land, she declared that she\nfelt a deep kinship with the Roma people. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nLate Shri Rajiv Gandhi, the former Prime Minister (at that\ntime a Member of Parliament) was the Chief Guest at the Festival. Shrimati\nSonia Gandhi and Master Rahul Gandhi also graced the occasion with their\npresence.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe Festival had a\ngreat impact and helped the Roma to get better social, economic and political\nstatus in the countries of their present residence. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nln the guiding note received. from the Union Ministry of\nEducation about the establishment of the North Zonal Cultural Centre at Patiala\nin Punjab, it is emphasized together the \" Selection of images\ncharacterising Punjabi's contribution to India's\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eculture :\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EIn this context, the\nproject would emphasize separate identities as well as similarities in a sense\nthat would symbolize our unity in diversity. This could be illustrate by the\nevolution of art forms, the basic unity of dance movements and the subsequent\nchanges and improvisations. In this connection, Roma culture could be not only\none of the crucial projections but also illustrate the impact of the Zone on\nWorld Culture. \" \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nNehru Roma House and Museum has since been established in a\nspacious hall in the Shivalik Public School in Sector 41, Chandigarh. lt has\nbeen dedicated to Jawaharlal Nehru who was the first Prime Minister of India to\nmeet the Roma in Yugoslavia during one of his visits. Jawaharlal Nehru, during\nhis visit to Yugoslavia, expressed a desire to get in touch with the Roma, he\norganized this contact and was there too. \"Nehru was very happy about this\nmeeting\", says Mr. Alesh Bebler, an important social and political personality\nof Yugoslavia, in his report to the President of the Central Committee of the\nLeague of Communists of Yugoslavia. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjKvA9o50xeV7BfRlmNLtx1ig37MJOSD3J1X-qIJP7_Yp_hhLl-HxSA2njwCLL3hPWCtiZA5o87x8PtWMBPpqhtDwiUKf5oDkB_yDuQJYeen4QxeokkeYMHlUdoTSMIVi9AXIF7mWIuO0U\/s1600\/6a.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjKvA9o50xeV7BfRlmNLtx1ig37MJOSD3J1X-qIJP7_Yp_hhLl-HxSA2njwCLL3hPWCtiZA5o87x8PtWMBPpqhtDwiUKf5oDkB_yDuQJYeen4QxeokkeYMHlUdoTSMIVi9AXIF7mWIuO0U\/s1600\/6a.jpg\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nNehru Roma House and Museum at Chandigarh houses valuable\nmaterial on the life and culture of the Roma viz. rare books, journals in different\nlanguages of the world e.g. English, Romani, Russian, German, French,' Serbo-Croat,\nFinnish, Swedish, Dutch, Hindi, Punjabi etc., audio visual cassettes,\nphotographs, slides, gramophone records and C.D's. This material, which I had\nbeen collecting for the last about 20 years, has been donated by me. The Nehru\nRoma House and Museum has since become a pilgrimage centre for the Roma of the\nworld and a unique research centre for Romanologues. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThus it is a matter of deep delight that our mutual efforts\nhave brought our long separated brethren closer to the ethnic and cultural\nstream of their homeland. They feel proud to have their old link with Punjab as\nwe also feel joyous of establishing our kinship with the enterprising Roma\npeople. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003EPlease also see:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch2\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: blue;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: dimgrey; display: inline ! important; float: none; font-family: 'Georgia Serif'; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/rishi-saw-bright-future-for-roma-museum.html\"\u003ERISHI SAW BRIGHT FUTURE FOR ‘ROMA MUSEUM’ CHANDIGARH -\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch2\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: blue;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: dimgrey; display: inline ! important; float: none; font-family: 'Georgia Serif'; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"color: blue; font-family: Georgia Serif; font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: dimgrey;\"\u003E------------------------------------------------------\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"color: blue; font-family: Georgia Serif; font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: dimgrey;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe following news item from THE TELEGRAPH London (27-10-1984)\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n--------------------------------------------------\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: xx-small;\"\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/9719058\/European-Roma-descended-from-Indian-untouchables-genetic-study-shows.html\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ch2\u003E\nEuropean Roma descended from Indian 'untouchables', genetic study shows\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\nRoma gypsies in Britain and Europe are descended from \"dalits\" or low caste \"untouchables\" who migrated from the Indian sub-continent 1,400 years ago, a genetic study has suggested.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhrIKdVvlQ6S1o7JSOPtq56HVyuC4Q3KqqZHutF_Y9sl5mFEWc39HAh1X8PhODkE5LLGs_8UhTYLYs5NJjyIKaS3j75lqJEYJ2h4EX3sockxX7TsQdusAmHhZGmM3VIu_2sF2AussoUTXY\/s1600\/Gypsies+Roma.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhrIKdVvlQ6S1o7JSOPtq56HVyuC4Q3KqqZHutF_Y9sl5mFEWc39HAh1X8PhODkE5LLGs_8UhTYLYs5NJjyIKaS3j75lqJEYJ2h4EX3sockxX7TsQdusAmHhZGmM3VIu_2sF2AussoUTXY\/s1600\/Gypsies+Roma.jpg\" height=\"247\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small; text-align: justify;\"\u003EWomen and children from the Roma community stand in front of a former gendarmerie barrack that has been requisitioned by a group of associations and citizens to house them in Marseille, Southern France\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\nGypsies have long believed they have origins in India, citing common Sanskrit words in their languages and photographs of darker-skinned ancestors in South Asian clothes, while earlier research has offered some scientific support for their suspicions.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\nNow a study led by Indian and Estonian academics, including Dr Toomas Kivisild of Cambridge University, has confirmed their origins in the Indian sub-continent, and even identified the location and social background from which they emerged.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\nThe findings have been welcomed by Britain's Gypsy Council, which said it would help to promote understanding of Roma people throughout Europe. \"We are Britain's first Non-Resident Indian community,\" said council spokesman Joseph Jones.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\nThe study, which was published this month in the journal Nature, examined Y chromosomes in DNA samples to compare the genetic signatures of European Roma men with those of thousands of Indians from throughout the sub-continent.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\nScientists from Hyderabad's Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology collaborated with colleagues in Estonia and Switzerland to compare more than 10,000 samples, including from members of 214 different Indian ethnic groups. They were analysed to match a South Asian Y chromosome type known as \"haplogroup H1a1a-M82\", which passes down male bloodlines, with samples from Roma men in Europe.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\nWhile there were matches with samples from men throughout the Indian sub-continent, the closest match and the least genetic variation occurred with those from north-west India.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\nWhen the researchers overlaid the closest matches onto a genetic map of India, the highest density was in areas dominated by India's \"doma\", \"scheduled tribes and castes\" – the low caste dalits or untouchables who suffer widespread and generational discrimination and usually do society's dirtiest jobs.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\nThe researchers believe the descendants of today's Roma gypsies in Europe began their westward exodus first to fight in wars in what is today Punjab between 1001 and 1026 on the promise of a promotion in caste status.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\nLater, they left to flee the fall of Hindu kingdoms in what is today Pakistan, with many setting off from near Gilgit.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\nThe exodus to North Africa and Europe suggested they may have been early refugees from the spread of Islam into the Indian sub-continent. Dr Kivisild said the study had provided \"evidence for the further interpretation of history of what kind of processes were triggerimg these movements\".\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\nGypsy groups in Britain trace their own roots back first to Egypt – where they believe the name \"gypsy\" comes from – and beyond that to India. Joseph Jones of the Gypsy Council said early photographs show British gypsies with Indian facial features and styles of dress until 100 years ago.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\nHe said the new study was helpful because it had scientifically confirmed the Indian origin of Britain and Europe's Roma community and that their common heritage should be accepted now by newer Indian communities in Britain. \"We're not outcasts here. I don't care if we are associated with dalits – I don't live in a community where caste exists. I do feel a bit Indian, I've always felt an affinity with Indians,\" he said.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\nGypsies were first noticed in Britain in around 1500 and acquired a reputation as itinerant craftsmen, traders and horse dealers.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"color: blue; font-family: Georgia Serif; font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: dimgrey;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/1343729015593948728\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/roma-punjabi-emigrants-abroad.html#comment-form","title":"8 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/1343729015593948728"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/1343729015593948728"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/roma-punjabi-emigrants-abroad.html","title":"ROMA THE PUNJABI EMIGRANTS ABROAD"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjAVYTiaGhiXRSGFQHiCbFgnOcpCsJiwdOtxG60HCe_LSjmcW2TKKREvAzTs9wJnDkIGASQBt283WiW38upYZHa3GGNuH79Gv065JQtVzPbIsAdasBr2rKEFvWr_UV49wogFmp6whDxanU\/s72-c\/1.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"8"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-1106965687637270596"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-01T03:37:00.000-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-06-09T21:31:38.403-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"KHATRIS  THE MOST MOBILE AND MAGNIFICENT PEOPLE OF INDIA"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: 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Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  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List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhpZr1WuuvvtwmQg50gQ70-2INXxZux1pCahZI_kkaNQkM2HuhsnYC1vQGkD5wgK2MKyqRiyUypOfQx3buvOP-uX6W2Cq0FWKGviFhAj70XlHj8ZiC_xNm-IfafTExraUGysOy-JXyxKc4\/s1600\/1+small.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhpZr1WuuvvtwmQg50gQ70-2INXxZux1pCahZI_kkaNQkM2HuhsnYC1vQGkD5wgK2MKyqRiyUypOfQx3buvOP-uX6W2Cq0FWKGviFhAj70XlHj8ZiC_xNm-IfafTExraUGysOy-JXyxKc4\/s1600\/1+small.jpg\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nKHATRIS\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003ETHE MOST\nMOBILE AND MAGNIFICENT PEOPLE OF INDIA\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nby B.S.Goraya\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003ELinks\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/05\/origin-of-khatris-forefathers-of-gurus.html\"\u003EArticle in Punjabi- Khatris came from Persia-ਈਰਾਨ- ਖਤਰੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਮੂਲ ਅਸਥਾਨ \u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: blue;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/mcadams.posc.mu.edu\/txt\/ah\/Persia\/Behistun_txt.html\" style=\"font-family: 'Georgia Serif'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EBEHISTAN INSCRIPTION \u0026amp; AND ITS ENGLISH TRANSLATION\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"font-family: 'Georgia Serif'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\" \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Ch2 style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Trebuchet,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.01em; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.25em; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: blue;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.google.co.in\/search?q=Darius+and+gaumata\u0026amp;tbm=isch\u0026amp;tbo=u\u0026amp;source=univ\u0026amp;sa=X\u0026amp;ei=pq-lUYHuL8LorAeDxIE4\u0026amp;ved=0CEIQsAQ\u0026amp;biw=1440\u0026amp;bih=727\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EORIGINAL COLOURED PHOTOS OF BEHISTAN AND RELATED: SEE HUNDRED OF IMAGES\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch2 style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Trebuchet,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10.4px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.01em; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.25em; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; display: inline ! important; float: none; font-family: 'Georgia Serif'; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E- See more at: http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/05\/origin-of-khatris-forefathers-of-gurus.html#sthash.3MHJ7UY4.dpuf\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nEvery caste, every community of India has some special\ntraits which distinguishes it from others in a number of ways. These qualities\nand characteristics were developed and deepened as time passed and their\nsurroundings changed and they faced and\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003Emanaged the exigencies of life. The Khatris too have long and remarkable\nhistory and their social dynamics. They have their ancestry, the social roots\nof which plunge back\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eto a distant past.\nThey have given to this country its ruling class and \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Esome of its\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003Eoutstanding people. The Khatris of Punjab have also played an important\nrole in the history of this state . \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjvZWMJOYkfAXofkz_JhyphenhyphenZA33BQrvyfE1yxTMwLD88sKtwxwfCoY5L5NO5uOFce6W8ms2VyidCSKcba1cicUFoK2xFyt3SowvR0H-3b8y05_gJCVjNxbcuTYZtXSznyiCm4INjEr5M-nIQ\/s1600\/12.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThis article enumerates their various contributions to\ndifferent spheres of life. But one\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ething\nthat makes them unique and special is that all the Ten Masters of Sikhism, who\nchanged Punjab and its future destiny for all times, were born in this caste.\nThe Khatris also played an eminent role in making pioneering efforts in the\ngrowth and development of Gurmukhi a script which was to achieve great distinction\nof being the language of the holy Granth Sahib' The writer traces with great lucidity\nthe ups and downs that this caste has faced through the upheavals \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eof time.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe Khatris are not only the I most beautiful and literate I\npeopte of all the Indian castes, thev are among the richest being second only\nto the Banias and the Jains. They were the first community to embrace Sikhism\nand many of ihem were the first to renounce it but they have yet many more\nfirsts to their credit. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjvZWMJOYkfAXofkz_JhyphenhyphenZA33BQrvyfE1yxTMwLD88sKtwxwfCoY5L5NO5uOFce6W8ms2VyidCSKcba1cicUFoK2xFyt3SowvR0H-3b8y05_gJCVjNxbcuTYZtXSznyiCm4INjEr5M-nIQ\/s1600\/12.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjvZWMJOYkfAXofkz_JhyphenhyphenZA33BQrvyfE1yxTMwLD88sKtwxwfCoY5L5NO5uOFce6W8ms2VyidCSKcba1cicUFoK2xFyt3SowvR0H-3b8y05_gJCVjNxbcuTYZtXSznyiCm4INjEr5M-nIQ\/s320\/12.jpg\" height=\"218\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EThe Kapurs, Khannas, Malhotras, Chopras' Sehgals, Dhawans,\nWadhawans, Anands, Chaddas, Sahnis, Suris, Kakkars, Talwars, puris etc. are the\nsurna-mes we often come across in the offices and business houses. These are\nthe Khatris whose original home is the undivided Punjab, roughly west of the\nriver Satluj. ln Punjabi:, as a rule the\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nSanskrit syllable 'ksha' is pronounced as 'kha'. Therefore\n'raksha' becomes 'rakhia' 'kshama' khima and so on. Similarly the Kshatriya is\ntransformed to Khatri when it entered the Land of Five Rivers. Therefore unquestionably\n'Khatri' is the Punjabi form of the Sanskrit word 'Kshatriya'. Philologically\n'kshatriya' appears to be connected with the Sanskrit word 'Kshetra' 'dominion'\nor 'country'. The Khatris claim Kshatriya origin for themselves and are made up\nof at least three racial elements, Solar, Lunar and the Agni-kula or fire-race.\nAlthough it is claimed sometimes that they are really the Rajput Thakurs but\n\"the Rajput characteristics of inflated pride, rigidity etc. are absent in\nthe Khatris\". Believes the noted ethnologist Sir Denzil Ebbetson (1883\nAD). Further, agriculture has never been their main occupation in sharp\ncontrast to the Kshatriyas of Hindustan. They were the money-lenders and shopkeepers\nof Punjab and dominated the bureaucracy of this territory as well. Again the\nKhatri 'gotra' or the sub-castes are different from that of the Rajputs and\nalso no inter-marriages take place between the Khatris and the Raiputs The two\nother castes of Punjab namely the Aroras and Bhatias also claim the Kshatriya\noriqin for them selves. Their appearance and profession are also identical with\nthat of the Khatris. We would, therefore, for the purpose of this study club\nthese three castes into one common class of Khatris.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nOf late intermarriages among these communities are also\nbecoming\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ecommon. In appearance the\nKhatris resemble their Jatt neighbours. It is likely that some of their tribes\nentered Punjab from the West and\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ethe\npresent race of Khatris was evolved through social interaction with the locals.\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nOne ethnologist, at least believes that the Khatris were a\nruling Buddhist clan which on the decline of Buddhism and during the process of\ntheir assimilation and absorption into Hinduism claimed the Kshatriya status\nfor themselves. It is believed that Khatris ruled Punjab till the Muslims\ninvaded it, whereafter they accepted secondary positions like ministers,\nrevenue officers and generals under the Muslim rulers. Historians believe that\nKing Porus and Salwan too might have been Khatris. Being the gateway to\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EIndia, Punjab has seen many an invasion and\nhas undergone several social and economic ups and downs' Khatris, the leading\ncommunity of Punjab, thus acclimatized and adjusted themselves and learnt to\nbend before the fury of storms rather than to remain erect and break. They are\nthus the most practical people. Unlike the other wealthy communities they not\nonly knonw how to amass wealth but also know how to enjoy it to the last rupee.\nCommunity wise also they own more cars than any other\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EIndian caste and know how to lead a rich and\nluxurious life.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAt the time of partition,\nthe Khatris left their homes, hearths and havelis in Pakistan and entered India\npenniless. Delhites often remember how many of them who were tonga drivers,\nvendors etc. in 1947 or who stayed in jhaupries (straw huts) camps are now\nmillionares of Delhi. A large chunk of Delhi and much of its wealth are now in\nthe hands of the Khatris. The Khatris are slowly climbing the political ladder to\nregain their supremacy in the capital of India.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nIt is established by researches that the undivided Punjab,\nwest of river Satluj was the original home of the Khatris. According to\nEbbetson the Khatris were found in Peshawar and Afghanistan also, but were, as\na rule, confined to the position of humble traders and money lenders. \"But\nin that capacity',' he adds, \"the Pathan seems to look at them as a kind\nof a valuable animal, and the Pathan will often steal another man's Khatri, not\nonly for ransom, as is frequently done in the Frontier region but also as he\nmight steal a milch cow\". Punjab was under the Greek rule for about two\ncenturies beginning from 190 BC. Thereafter, on several occasions in history,\nit was a part of Central Asian empires, for example, the Kushan the\nAchaemenian, the Arab, the Turkish and the Manghol. lt provided the Khatris\n(otherwise also a mobile community) a golden opportunity to explore these\nwestern regions. There are ample evidences which indicate the wide-spread\npresence of Punjabi traders, specially in the areas beyond Punjab. A 16th\ncentury bronze vessel found at Orsk in Southern Urals, and a fire temple cell\ndiscovered in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, bears inscription dated 1714 AD\nin Gurmukhi . The inscriptions beginning with Japuji records the names of the\nGuru and the Khatri trader, a Sikh builder of the temple cell. The Khatris\npresence in Afghanistan has been more than felt even till recently. ln 1831 the\nPunjabi Maharaja signed a treaty with Shirja-ul-Mulk of Afghanistan on one of\nthe conditions that the comfort and the security of the Khatris in Kabul will\nbe ensured. However according to 1881 census the major cities with-the\nconcentration of Khatris were Multan, Lahore, Amritsar, Rawalpindi and Peshawar.\nToday perhaps Delhi houses a larger number of Khatris than any other city. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nTHE FOUNDERS WHO RENOUNCED SIKHISM\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAt present less than\n5% of the Khatris in\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EIndia are Sikhs (Delhi\nTel. Directory). ln 1881 how ever the percentage of Bhapas-as the Sikh Khatris\nare often referred to by the rural Sikhs, was 9. Around l7fi) AD almost the\nwhole of Khatri population had polarised around theteacfr ings of the Sikh\nMasters except some who had already embraced islam. Interestingly the Khatris\nwere the first people to embrace Sikhism and were Its first preachers. Accordingly\nno history of the Khatris would be complete if it is pursued in isolation to\nSikhism. Before the advent of Nanak, most of the Punjabis west of Cheneb had\nbecome Muslims. Some of them still stood on the fringes from where they could\nbe swept away by the tidal wave of lslam. But for them the great ship of Nanak\narrived to take them to a safe haven. The Khatris were immediately swayed by\nNanak's revolutionary concept of one God who is omnipresent, omnipotent and\nbeyond time, space and matter. Free from rituals, Sikhism then was a much\nsimple religion. Had there been no Nanak the Khatris might have embraced lslam\nas Khojas or prachas. Within about 50 years of Nanak's passing away many of\nthem became Namdharik Sikhs. The fact that all the Ten Gurus of the Sikhs came\nfrom the Khatri caste might also have contributed to the influx of their Khatri\ndevotees into Sikhism. But the Gurus were very critical of this Khatri caste\nand would condemn their ‘opportunistic approach'. In principal the Gurus were\nhighly critical of the very caste system in society. lt may however be clearly\nunderstood that embracement of Sikhism from Hinduism and lslam was not\nconsidered as conversion, though the Fifth Nanak had enunciated, \"neither\nwe are Hindus nor Muslims\" (G. Granth p.1 1 36). \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n'Warran' or the ballads of Bhai Gurdas Bhalla (1546-1637\nAD), an acknowledged classic among the. Sikh scriptures, makes a detailed\nmention of the early Sikhs and the Sikh missionaries. Incidentally in the\n\"Varran\", are mentioned the names along with gotras of the Sikhs. A\nsurprise for the casual student of Sikh history, the Warran reveals that more\nthan 80% of the early Sikhs and Sikh missionaries came from the Khatri clan. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nGotras or the sub-castes appearing in the Warran are:\n(Gotras of those other than the Khatri are in italics) :\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPopat, Keer, Khera , Mirasi, Sehgal, Diddi, Ladhi, Ohri,\nUppal, Monga, \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ERandhawa, Lohar\u003C\/i\u003E, Julka,\nSahi, Deo; Bhandari, \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ENagauri\u003C\/i\u003E, Mehta,\nBhalla, Passi, Sud, Sabharwal, Khatra, Khullar, Jhihgar, Jhanji, Soni, \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EVij,\u003C\/i\u003E Dhir, \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EBhatt\u003C\/i\u003E, \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ETiwari, Bhagat,\u003C\/i\u003E\nChadha, Sekhri; Kapoor, Behl, ,\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EBhardwaj\u003C\/i\u003E,\nGhai, Kohli, Kandra, \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EChhimba, Sanghar,\nDhillon, Langah, Chhajjal, Goel, pathak\u003C\/i\u003E, Chandok, Puri, Marwah, Suri, Seth,\nBeri, Sodhi, Handa, Talwar, Nanda, Tuli, Wadhawan, \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003EGhumar, Ray,\u003C\/i\u003E Malhan, \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ESaniara,\nBhabra\u003C\/i\u003E and Arora. Some of the places to which prominent missionaries\nbelong, as given in the Warran, are : Kashmir, Kabul, Sarhind, Kuruksheitra,\nFatehpur (Sikri), Agra, Sultanpur, Lahore, Gwalior, Ujjain, Burhanpur, Gujrat, Patna,\nPraypg, Lukhnow, Jaunpur, Decca etc. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThus 80% of the early Sikhs are from the Khatris while it\nwill be interesting to note that initially all the missionaries or the so\ncalled masands were Khatris only. Not only \"Warran\", even all the\nChronicles written prior to 1850 AD give an impression that Sikhism was the\nreligion of the Khatris of the Punjab although it was becoming popular among\nthe Jatts of Punjab also. There are at least a dozen chronicles available in\nGurmukhi script which leave this impression that Gurmukhi script was\npopularized by the Khatris also. With the passage of time almost all the Hindus\nincluding Brahmins west of river Ravi became Sikhs. lt will be interesting to\nnote that not long ago i.e. till 1920's all the gurudwaras were managed by\nBrahmins. They were ousted during the Akali Movement. The forefathers of the\npresent Governor of Punjab B.K.N. Chhibber and Bhai parmanand and Bhai Mahavir\nwere also Sikhs and they are successors of Bhai Sati Das and Bhai Mati Das\nrespectively who were assassinated by Aurangzeb along with Guru Tej Bahadur in\n1675, AD. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nDisgusted They Renounced it :\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nKhatris who were the pioneers in accepting, propagating and\nthus nourishing Sikhism, incidentally became the first community to renounce it\nas Sikhism was becoming more and more politicized and the latter Gurus were\noften at daggers drawn with the state. As officers in the government and with\nmuch of the business in their hands, the Khatris were thus intimately linked\nwith the state and any strain in the relationship between the state and the\nfaith was a source of embarrassment to them. On the other hand on each and\nevery succession in the guruship, except 'the selection of the Fifth and the\nNinth Gurus, the ignored sons of the Gurus would revolt and raise their\nparallel gurudom Usually the rebel sect thus formed turned out to be pro-state\nand the pro-government. Khatris would often extend their support to the rebel\nside. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nIn 1604 AD, however, another untoward incident occurred. Prince\nKhusro rebelled against his father Emperor Jahangir ind while fleeing from his\nfather's army he called on Guru Arjun Dev-the Fifth Master and sought his\nblessings. The Guru was later arrested, tortured and executed at Lahore.\nJahangir admits in his memoirs that he nurtured hatred for the Guru and was\nlooking for an appropriate moment to punish him. The Khusro episode provided\nthe Emperor with the necessary stick to beat the Guru. Incidentally, in those\ndays a Khatri named Chandu Shahi was a minister in Delhi and his daughter was\nbetrothed to the son of the Guru. Chandu severed the engagement. He not only\ndeveloped animosity towards the Guru but also encouraged the rebel Guru Prithia,\nthe son of the Fourth Guru who was ignored at the time of succession. So much\nso, that even Amritsar; (now called the Golden Temple) passed into the hands of\nthe Pirthia sect called the 'Meena Sikhs and remained in its possession until\nthe advent of the Tenth Guru. Guru Hargobind the Sixth Master further\nembarrassed the Khatris when he raised an army and fought and won battles\nagainst the Mughals. This was disliked by the Khatris who felt that the Guru\nshould restrict himself to spiritualism only. Thus the number of the Meena sect\nswelled. As the estrangement with the state kept mounting, the Khatris felt\nmore and more suffocated and their tension got aggravated.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe last of the\nGurus, Guru Gobind Singh, introduced changes of a far-reaching nature. He\nabolished the Masands-the missionaries who collected offerings from the Sikhs\nto pass them on to the Guru. The Masands had become corrupt with the passage of\ntime. He also abolished the system of Guruship and passed it on to the Khalsa\nbrotherhood, who was to be guided by Gurbani (ln persian Khalsa means 'directly\nlinked' and he made Sikhs the Khalsa to God). Further he gave Khalsa an\nidentity which was more martial than spiritualistic in nature. The Guru\nincreased his army and built forts. On the other hand, the changes introduced\nby the Guru were being vehemently opposed by the Khatri traders and officers.\nAccording to Rattan Singh, the author of 'Panth Prakash' (1840 AD), the Khatris\nreferred to the Guru as the 'marela one' i.e. the fighter Guru in a derogatory\nsense. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAccording to Kavi\nSenapati a court poet of Guru Gobind Singh; (Sri Gur Sobha : 1711AD) the\nmerchant 'Sikhs started opposing the Khalsa and questioned the new code, so\nmuch so that at Delhi the shops of the Khalsa were forcibly closed for some\ndays until some working compromised was hammered out. \"How could they keep\narms with them right under the nose of the government ?\" they questioned.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nFall of Sarhind :\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eln 1708 thre Guru\npassed away in the Deccan succumbing to the injuries inflicted on him by a Pathan\nhireling of the Governor of Sarhind. The Sikhs, led by Banda Bahadur,\nthereafter attacked and plundered Sarhind. The perpetrators of many inhuman\natrocities were punished. Th,e whole of the Punjab\"revolted and one after\nthe other, the Mughal bastions fell. Bahadur Shah, the successor to Aurangzeb,\nwas alarmed at the rebellion and ordered that the Sikhs be killed at sight. In\nthose days however everybody kept his hair intact, uncut and unshaved (See:\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EIndia by Al-Biruni). To facilitate the identification\nof the Khalsas the emperor ordered all the citizens to get hair-cuts and beards\nshaved. The pronouncement was complied with immediately and thus the barbers\nhad a hay day. Earlier similar 'firmans' were also issued by Aurangzeb twice as\nhe felt that clean shaving means a step, towards 'Sunnat' or conversion. (Akhbar\n–e- Durbar-e-Maula-The official records of the Mughal emperor). The Akhbar\nrecords an interesting episode where a Kayasth feudal (Srivastva, Saxena,\nMathur etc.) from near Saharanpur made a mercy plea before the Emperor that he\nmight be spared as he was not a Khatri. Khatri officers in those days were under\nthe strict surveillance of the state. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nHunting of the Sikhs like wild animals commenced and the\nKhalsa went into hiding. The period from 1710 to 1760 AD is considered a very\ncrucial era in the Sikh history when the persecution of the Sikhs was at its\npeak. Rewards on Sikh heads were fixed. Cart-loads of the same were brought to\nLahore and Amritsar to raise pyramids of the severed heads at public places\nscare away the rebels.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EOn the other hand\nonly a fraction of the Khatris had subscribed to the new code according to which\nthe Khalsa was strictly prohibited from shaving his head and beard. Officials\nand shopkeepers among the Khatris had thus reluctantly complied with the new\nroyal promulgation and thus shaved their beards and had their hair cut. Only a\nfew Khatris who had become Khalsa went underground with their Jatt and Shudra\nbrothers and kept the torch of rebellion alightand burning. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nDuring this critical period, a 'Khatri named Lakhpat Rai was\na military commander of the Lahore army. ln order to prove his faithfulness to\nthe Moghuls, he launched a reign of terror on the rebel Khalsa. Atteimpts to\npersuade him to be mild towards his brothers were in vain. Lakhpat's brother\nJaspat was incidentally killed in a skirmish. Lakhpat became more furious that\nhe resolved to finish the Sikhs. During these days two famous Sikh carnages\ntook place where some 40,000 Sikhs were massacred. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPunjab was now cleared of the Sikhs, many of whom fled, to\nthe hills and Rajasthan. So during this turbulent period the Khatis made every\nattempt to prove that they were not the Sikhs and we rather ordinary Hindus\nbecause otherwise they knew they would lose both their possessions and their\nlives too. On the other hand the Khatris encouraged the Dogra Brahmins,\ndescending down the hills, to sing 'jagrata' and tell the Puranic tales. But\nthe deep reverence for Nanak and his hymns still remained supreme in their\nminds. During the short rule of the Sikhs lasting for about half a century the\nKhatris looked after the administration of the Sikh state which was deeply\nengaged in launching military expeditions. Almost the whole of the non-Muslim\npopulation west of Satluj declared itself Sikh. In fact in those days Sikhism\nwas not treated as a religion different from Hinduism. Punjab was annexed by\nthe British in 1849 and the young Sikh emperor as well as the ruler of the\nKapurthala state was converted to Chritianity. Again there was an anti Sikh\nwave. The British were maintaining a strict vigil over the Khalsa. The\nfence-sitters immediately declared that they were the Hindus' ln the 1881\ncensus the Sikh figure fell just to its half of the 185O-figures.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n(Swami) Daya Nand on the other hand was attempting a\nrevolutionary reform in Hinduism but he received only a lukewarm response\nwherever he in\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EIndia. He visited Punjab,\nused gurudwaras for propagating views and was given a rousing come. Shortly\nthereafter he declared that Nanak's concept of all pervading God was not new\nwas rather already enshrined in Vedas. At this the Khatris felt relieved and\nthronged the Samaj. Akali Gurudwara Movement made such a polarisation that\nKhatris felt that a middle path no longer possible. The Akalis moved the idols\nof the Hindu deities from the periphery of the Golden Temple. Ousted Khatris\nand Brahmins constructed their own Temple in the form of Durgiana Mandir at\nAmritsar. Thus the Khatris who nourished Sikhism in its infancy, renounced when\nmilitant element in it became manifest. A business can’t afford tension with\nthe state.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nMehras: A famous Khatri family of Amritsar \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nBhai Taru Singh,-whose scalp was removed and yet he laughed and\nlived fore a number of days.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe severed heads of Skhs, raised on\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ejavelins, being carried by the Mughal soldiers\nas trophies to get a prize.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nMr. B.K.N: Chhibbar, Governer Punjab He is one of the\ndescendents of Bhai Sati Das who was martyred along with Guru Tegh Bahadur in\n1675 A.D.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA painting representing the famous martyrdom of Guru Arjun\nDev by Emperor Jahangir'. The Guru was severely tortured and here he is shown\nsitting on a red-hot girdle.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/1106965687637270596\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/khatris-most-mobile-and-magnificent.html#comment-form","title":"47 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/1106965687637270596"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/1106965687637270596"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/khatris-most-mobile-and-magnificent.html","title":"KHATRIS  THE MOST MOBILE AND MAGNIFICENT PEOPLE OF INDIA"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhpZr1WuuvvtwmQg50gQ70-2INXxZux1pCahZI_kkaNQkM2HuhsnYC1vQGkD5wgK2MKyqRiyUypOfQx3buvOP-uX6W2Cq0FWKGviFhAj70XlHj8ZiC_xNm-IfafTExraUGysOy-JXyxKc4\/s72-c\/1+small.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"47"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-6959059035615111692"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-02T23:51:00.000-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-05-08T01:39:20.764-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Khalistan"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":" PUNJAB SOME VITAL AND INTERESTING FACTS"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Co:OfficeDocumentSettings\u003E\n  \u003Co:RelyOnVML\/\u003E\n  \u003Co:AllowPNG\/\u003E\n \u003C\/o:OfficeDocumentSettings\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Cw:WordDocument\u003E\n  \u003Cw:View\u003ENormal\u003C\/w:View\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Zoom\u003E0\u003C\/w:Zoom\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackMoves\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackFormatting\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:PunctuationKerning\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:ValidateAgainstSchemas\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003E\n  \u003Cw:IgnoreMixedContent\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:IgnoreMixedContent\u003E\n  \u003Cw:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003E\n  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Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  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UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EPUNJAB SOME VITAL AND\nINTERESTING FACTS\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nby Dr. Gopal Krishan\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhFhYN6lJq0kBVDQi7W1mzd97E6BBdZQY_0diKKleBs80tPTy1YmIhHy-jROYdvq0buftfhYTG91adPnqzZ3M5FVh5R5OpvpCAIhxslvBUiIb27fOi2V-7e5SJtoaFOovhhPeEK_dTQ-hY\/s1600\/Guru+Nanak_0002.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhFhYN6lJq0kBVDQi7W1mzd97E6BBdZQY_0diKKleBs80tPTy1YmIhHy-jROYdvq0buftfhYTG91adPnqzZ3M5FVh5R5OpvpCAIhxslvBUiIb27fOi2V-7e5SJtoaFOovhhPeEK_dTQ-hY\/s320\/Guru+Nanak_0002.jpg\" height=\"320\" width=\"213\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPunjab has been the gateway of India in the Past, \"and\nas 'such, had a position of commanding significance in the history \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ethis sub-continent. It has been aptly called the\nsword-arm of India. Some of the foreign battles that changed the course of Indian\nhistory were fought either \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eon its soil or\nin its close vicinity. It has also been the birthplace of one of the most dynamic-and\nthe youngest of great religions of the world. It is, therefore, worthwhile for the\nPunjabis wherever they may be here or abroad, to know some' of the essential facts\npertaining to Punjab, so that they may establish o deeper fraternity and a\ncloser intimacy with the land of their origin. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EThis traditional land\nof five (Punj) rivers (ab) whose ancientness is traceable to the beginnings of\ntime has been subjected to several territorial changes and re-organisations\nbefore and after independence. But it assumed its present form only as recently\nas in 1966. In the Process, it became demographically more homogeneous but got\nreduced to one-seventh of its area size that it had before the partition of the\nIndian subcontinent in 1947. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPunjab is today the only\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003ESikh majority state of India. According to the 1991 census, 63 Per cent of\nits total population is Sikh, 34.5 per cent Hindu, 1.2 Per cent Muslim, 1.1 per\ncent Christian, 0.1 Per cent Buddhist and Jain each, and the remaining few\nadhering to other religious persuasions. Around 85 per cent of its people are\nPunjabi speaking. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ECovering an area of\n50,362 sq. kms., Punjab recorded a Population of 20 million in 1 991 . lts\npopulation is larger than that of Australia. On 1 .5 per cent of the country's total\narea, it accomodates 2.4 Per cent of the total population of India' The State\nis divided, into 17 districts, 55 subdivisions and 137 development blocks for\nadministrative and development purposes. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjVOMgiunrmkJ03w9eqBDMgKegsgLP4f-3oIUsCANlhHTdBDx5-jfFa1BxscZBPEBsFab6hGiOC9D4CIyJoKHxFLYqdJ0AZQ1tzz8tPNmzPotA-9z0yXgqi6jc5ReAqJRH6vfSB1ePCwMc\/s1600\/60b.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjVOMgiunrmkJ03w9eqBDMgKegsgLP4f-3oIUsCANlhHTdBDx5-jfFa1BxscZBPEBsFab6hGiOC9D4CIyJoKHxFLYqdJ0AZQ1tzz8tPNmzPotA-9z0yXgqi6jc5ReAqJRH6vfSB1ePCwMc\/s320\/60b.jpg\" height=\"196\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EAlthough an inland by location Punjab behaves like a coastal\nstate. Emigration from here has been continuing for about a hundred years.\nPunjabis are found in large numbers in the United Kingdom, United States,\nCanada, Australia, Southeast Asian and East African countries. An outgoing\norientation on their part is manifest also because of a long tradition of army\nservice in many families. Their share in defence forces is five times of their percentage\nin the total population of the country. They have also migrated in large\nnumbers to newly ieclaimed agricultural lands and prominent cities in other\nparts of India arrd the world. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEizwqgCSPxQznOTqygF4sAiphL-CroyOBtiCizJClBQsi1llZev_iKi15T6uRRgGsh7uTAWrKZsF_SxzkiyMc2e2qXWas-scmZYPKsdP_skncKJShZsfYU_l3nWnNXSTfNak4Vt-OUReUQ\/s1600\/61.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEizwqgCSPxQznOTqygF4sAiphL-CroyOBtiCizJClBQsi1llZev_iKi15T6uRRgGsh7uTAWrKZsF_SxzkiyMc2e2qXWas-scmZYPKsdP_skncKJShZsfYU_l3nWnNXSTfNak4Vt-OUReUQ\/s320\/61.jpg\" height=\"242\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EIt is anomalous that\nPunjab, with the highest per capita income\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003Eamong the various states of the country, should be among the areas of\nthe highest migration. Migration from here is not rooted in distress. lt is stimulated\nby a desire to achieve higher levels of prosperity by striking it rich and making\na fortune abroad, wherever it is feasible to achieve it. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EPunjab is\ndistinguished for its most successful Green Revolution. Agriculture is now highly\ncommercialized and is made a prosperous venture. The State is the largest\ncontributor to the national pool of wheat and rice for the public distribution\nsystem. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPunjab is mainly a flat, featureless plain. Nine-tenths of\nit is at an elevation ranging from 300 metres in the northeast to 180 metres in\nthe southwest. The Shivalik hills, 300 to around 1000 metres high, make a\ndistinct appearance all along the northeastern border. Sand dunes are\nsporadically distributed in the southwest. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe Ravi, the Beas\nand the Satluj are its perennial rivers. Their waters are of the highest\nsignificance and importance to the Punjab agriculture and its progress and well\nbeing. The Bhakra-Nangal Power and irrigation Project has transformed its own\neconomy as well as that of the neighbouring states. The Rajasthan canal, one of\nthe largest in the world, originates from the Beas-Satluj confluence at Harike.\nlts water is made available for irrigation in the Rajasthan desert. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjkGbAuKIdbmThCUqRH7dT6MFpgb_kIPGE7GdvXOytLv3sP9XwdCZwM_pRhB8dkJwT2vssDDjaW8WWHV1lWWeIBn6iDPi6bpFxZ58v9zpQVrzLnmcUlwebe8-S6UXOhOklm7H1C_2PRqmc\/s1600\/62.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjkGbAuKIdbmThCUqRH7dT6MFpgb_kIPGE7GdvXOytLv3sP9XwdCZwM_pRhB8dkJwT2vssDDjaW8WWHV1lWWeIBn6iDPi6bpFxZ58v9zpQVrzLnmcUlwebe8-S6UXOhOklm7H1C_2PRqmc\/s320\/62.jpg\" height=\"210\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EPunjab has\nsuccessfully spearheaded the green Revolution in the agricultural sector. The greater\nuse of high-yielding varieties of seeds, chemical fertilizers, tube-wells and\nPumping sets and the adoption of modern agricultural machinery by Peasants have\nbeen largely responsible for the rise in production of food-grains in the\nstate, \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EThe state has a\nsemi-arid to\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Esub-humid climate. Rainfall\n-decreases from around 100cm. in the northeast to southwest. Irrigation is indispensable\nfor good agriculture. This challenge has been admirably nret. 89% of Punjab's\ncultivated area is irrigated, which is the highest percentage for any Indian\nstate. ln Ludhiana and Amritsar districts, virtually the entire cultivated area\nreceives irrigational facilities. On the whole tube wells take care of about 60\npercent of the irrigated area and canals of the remaining 40 percent o' \"l\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EPunjab Agricultural\nUniversity, Ludhiana, has played a key role in revolutionizing the field of\nagricultural production. As a result the per hectare production of wheat and\nrice is said to be the highest in the country. Wheat is the king crop, sharing 40o\/o\nof the cropped area. Rice accounts for 25o\/o. Both are cash crops. Cotton is\ngrown over 10o\/o of the cropoed area. Vegetables, mainly potato and onion,\nutilize 5% of the cropped area. lnfact, the state's contribution to the central\nfoo-d kitty surpasses that of others. The per hectare utilization of fertilizers\nin Punjab is also the highest in the country. Again, Punjab tops in quality\ncane production in the country. The number of tractors used in the State is\nalso the high \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe Rice, which is\nnot a soil friendly crop for Punjab, due to the semi-arid climate of the state,\ndemands heavy irrigation, and is largely dependent on tube wells for this\npurpose. The excessive withdrawal of sub-surface water has caused an alarming\ndecline in the water table. Thus the agricultural\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eprosperity of the state also carries a lot of\necological cost. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe state enjoys the\ndistinction of having the highest daily wage rate of Rs.16.44 in the country\nfor the agricultural labour. There are about a dozen milk plants in the public,\nco-operative and private sectors to\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eprovide\nmarketing facilities to milk producers throughout the year. As a result, the\nper capita availability of\" milk has risen to 524 gm. as compared to 160\ngm. in the country. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EPunjab's performance\nin the industry does not compare well with its success in agriculture. The state\nis a priority area for agriculture at the national level, but not for industry.\nThe pace of industrialization has been steady rather than rapid. Recent\npolicies aim-at giving a spurt to industry. There is a significant success in\nthis domain also. Gains in industrial development would have been greater if\nthe state had not faced the recent political turmoil which roused a feeling of\ninsecurity among the enterpreneurs. An effective, clean and stable government\nin a peaceful atmosphere would attract capital from outside also, giving it a strong\nindustrial base soon. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEj-RUBXr7cpAiBRoFZo719gI5I3pdCPCTmxI7GUngFPy1Z1JwlTr8RioLVZNEHx8cWYlLyBgFGAyIrT41vbM0ctE9iHd6XPIRxQ_wK0X83iFj_wVIVw7PxnoH7Frjx0W4nL3n-CqEhFovI\/s1600\/61b.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEj-RUBXr7cpAiBRoFZo719gI5I3pdCPCTmxI7GUngFPy1Z1JwlTr8RioLVZNEHx8cWYlLyBgFGAyIrT41vbM0ctE9iHd6XPIRxQ_wK0X83iFj_wVIVw7PxnoH7Frjx0W4nL3n-CqEhFovI\/s320\/61b.jpg\" height=\"177\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EMuch of the industry in the stdtyis agro-based, processing\nagricultural raw materials, producing agricultural inputs, or agro-income beneficiary,\nresponding to a lucrative rural market. Food products, textiles, sugar,\nfertilizers, agricultural equipments, rerolled steel, machine tools, sports\ngoods, transport vehicles, and electronics rank high in the inventory of\nindustrial products. Amritsar, Ludhiana and Jalandhar are the most\nindustrialized districts and are famous for woollens, sports, plastic and\ncast-iron goods, radio parts, musical instruments, sewing machines, bicycles,\nmachine tools, farm implements. electrical and optical goods, chemical and\nacids. Verka is known for its dairy industry, Batala for engineering and\nfoundry work, Pathankot for its timber market (now in doldrums) and saw-milling\nindustry, Patiala for electrical appliances, steel forging and a host of light\nengineering industries, Nangal for the chemical fertilizer plant and Dhariwal\nfor being the oldest woollen industrial centre. The establishment of rail coach\nfactory at Kapurthala has provided a new dimension to the development of Punjab.\nMohali, near Chandigarh, is now coming up as an important centre for the\nmanufacturer of tractors and electronics. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EPunjab can boast of\nhundred percent electrification and adequate means of irrigation. Practically\nevery village in the state is electrified and is connected with a paved road.\nThe important irrigation schemes implemented since 1947 are the Bhakra Nangal\nDam, the Bhakra canals, the Harike barrage with a lined canal called the\nSirhind plant, and the reshaping of the\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EMadhopur\nwater works into a barrage. The Pong Dam on the Beas river is an important\nhydroelectric project-its fourth unit was commissioned in October 1983, while\nthe second unit of stage ll of the Ropar thermal plant began functioning two years\nlater. As per available statistics about 36.21 lakh hectare area is being\nprovided with irrigation facilities by a vast network of 14,482 km, of\nirrigation channels and 6.47 lakh tubewells. The utilisation of water in the\nstate is the best in the country. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ESeveral central\nvillages of Punjab have acquired urban functions of an agricultural market\ncentre, a health centre and a college. Towns are closely spaced and rural urban\ncommuting is common. ln contrast to the general pattern in India, the ave.rage\nassets of a rural household are two times greater than those of its urban\ncounterparts in other states. The incidence of rural poverty is less than that\nof the urban poverty as compared to those in other parts of the country. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjm20uDmbOC8E16LJolymxFFqtqWyr5t9O55LRDlk1kK6vp9YAzlflIni-Tl5sHXe865y-534a4L1YI787QJYuS3mnkRovF1dtvEhePJQkef1g4AHMLMDTh57y1LDAhK-UgK7MdNHfoq3E\/s1600\/62b.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjm20uDmbOC8E16LJolymxFFqtqWyr5t9O55LRDlk1kK6vp9YAzlflIni-Tl5sHXe865y-534a4L1YI787QJYuS3mnkRovF1dtvEhePJQkef1g4AHMLMDTh57y1LDAhK-UgK7MdNHfoq3E\/s320\/62b.jpg\" height=\"187\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ElfrAbout 30 per cent\nof Punjab's population is urban . lt is distributed amongst 120 urban\nhabitations. Among these ten of them have a population of more than 100,000\neach . These include : Ludhiana (1, 042, 740), Amritsar (708, 835), Jalandhar\n(509, 510), Patiala (253, 706), Bathifida (159, 042), Moga (1 10, 958),\nAbohar(107, 163) and Batala (103 , 367) . The State is urbanizing fast in\nconsonance with its industriat advancement. lf the present trend continues , Punjab\nwould be an urban majprity State by 2020. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ETraditionally Punjab\nhas been divided into three regions : (i) The Majha located between the Ravi and\nthe Beas (ii) the Doaba, located between the Beas and the Satluj and (iii)\nMalwa located between the Satluj and the Ghaggar. All these regions are\nseperated'by rivers. ln the past, they had developed some specific\ncharacteristics, reflected primarily in their dialects and the spheres of\nsocial interaction. A,\\ Superimposed upon this tttUitional regionalisation of\nPunjab was its division into the British administered territory and princely ruled\nstates during 1849-1947. The former covered 55 per cent of the present area of\nthe State and the latter 45 per cent . The former registered a faster\ndevelopment than the latter. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe pattern of development since independence has brought\nfurther changes in the re gional geography of the State. Now it can be divided\ninto three regions based on the level and nature of socio-economic advancement.\nThese include : (i) The Central Region, covering the districts of Amritsar,\nKapurthala, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Fatehgarh Sahib and Patiala, which are the\nmost developed ; (ii) the Northeastern Region, spread over the districts of\nGurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Nawanshahr and Rupnagar, which is comparatively the\nleast developed ; and (iii) the Southwestern Region, including the districts of\nFirozpur, Moga', Faridl\u0026lt;ot , Muktsar, Bathinda, Mansa and Sangrur, which are\nmoderately developed as comqared to the two other regions. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPunjab need's to be visited by all those who wanl:to see a\nhardworking an\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;d dynami,c people striving joyously to improve their life and living.\nlt is a model for what an Indian state can achi,eve through its agricultural\ntransformation, rural-urban integration. and enterprise of the people Amritsar\nis the holiest city for the Sikhs lts Golden Temple is visited by devotees from\nall over the world. Ludhiana is the only metropolitan city in this yrart of India.\nThe Punjab Agricultural University located here has made a significant contribution\nto the agricultural advancement of the State. Patiala still retains some of its\nhistoric past for it has been the seat of government of a princely state. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThus this state, which has a fertile soil\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ea strong and sturdy people fired with it rare\nenterprising zeal, a rich cultural heritage a glorious history needs to be\nfurther studied and get acquainted with, by all those who love it. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EA view of Bhai\nGurdas Library, Guru Nanak Dy University, Amritsar\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nBlessed by the Gurus the Punjabis are also famous for their service\nto the downtrodden and the sick Pingalwara of Bhagat\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EPhoto: G. S. Heera\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EPuran Singh.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPhoto; H. S. Baiwa\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPhoto H. S. Bajwa\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/6959059035615111692\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/punjab-some-vital-and-interesting-facts.html#comment-form","title":"3 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/6959059035615111692"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/6959059035615111692"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/punjab-some-vital-and-interesting-facts.html","title":" PUNJAB SOME VITAL AND INTERESTING FACTS"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhFhYN6lJq0kBVDQi7W1mzd97E6BBdZQY_0diKKleBs80tPTy1YmIhHy-jROYdvq0buftfhYTG91adPnqzZ3M5FVh5R5OpvpCAIhxslvBUiIb27fOi2V-7e5SJtoaFOovhhPeEK_dTQ-hY\/s72-c\/Guru+Nanak_0002.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"3"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-3810926712969506880"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-01T05:40:00.000-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-07-03T19:04:29.701-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"CAN A HEADLESS BODY MOVE?"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nCAN A HEADLESS BODY MOVE?\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\nTHE MYSTERY AND\nREALITY OF A STRANGE PHENOMENON\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\nYes it can..\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n------------\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E16 years ago we wrote a story that Baba Deep Singh phenomenon is possible. Today I saw a story on Discovery channel how in USA a headless chicken survived for 18 months from 1945 -47. His owner toured far and wide to show it alive. I searched the net and have found links to that. Here is a Wikipedia one.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg3uub0Une8avgyfTb3aLkfF3qiMCOgDuoeo2flIMjpH_IgGWay4mxzrc7cNOm62S24-87PwbHUw1ND0tuVHEEs_jq0QmSRdrbMddflUwMtFCOnTUcO4UMjvGi83B8fsIBQovWer5zhpDY\/s1600\/DSC06157.JPG\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mike_the_Headless_Chicken\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EDETAILED STORY ON WIKIPEDIA\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/life.time.com\/curiosities\/mike-the-headless-chicken-photos-of-a-famously-tough-fowl\/#1\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ETHE STORY ON FAMOUS LIFE MAGAZINE\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.miketheheadlesschicken.org\/\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgoVyNY_tkWh7VU2HFB0M86rtv8j3EAYi3fcFvGhZ-tabC5F0i7eUiDqfRZdY_CEDNvNTt1ztp8J5BMO5Z9XT5lulmASAKWz_kXT5GR_jc9XU6TFzNPx7CmvVJWXljn3cUJjlm-Tw9vNzY\/s1600\/DSC06160.JPG\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr 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1em;\"\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Cw:WordDocument\u003E\n  \u003Cw:View\u003ENormal\u003C\/w:View\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Zoom\u003E0\u003C\/w:Zoom\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackMoves\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackFormatting\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:PunctuationKerning\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:ValidateAgainstSchemas\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003E\n  \u003Cw:IgnoreMixedContent\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:IgnoreMixedContent\u003E\n  \u003Cw:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003E\n  \u003Cw:DoNotPromoteQF\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeOther\u003EEN-US\u003C\/w:LidThemeOther\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeAsian\u003EX-NONE\u003C\/w:LidThemeAsian\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeComplexScript\u003EX-NONE\u003C\/w:LidThemeComplexScript\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Compatibility\u003E\n   \u003Cw:BreakWrappedTables\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:SnapToGridInCell\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:WrapTextWithPunct\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:UseAsianBreakRules\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:DontGrowAutofit\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:DontVertAlignCellWithSp\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:DontVertAlignInTxbx\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:Word11KerningPairs\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:CachedColBalance\/\u003E\n  \u003C\/w:Compatibility\u003E\n  \u003Cm:mathPr\u003E\n   \u003Cm:mathFont m:val=\"Cambria Math\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:brkBin m:val=\"before\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:brkBinSub m:val=\"--\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:smallFrac m:val=\"off\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:dispDef\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:lMargin m:val=\"0\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:rMargin m:val=\"0\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:defJc m:val=\"centerGroup\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:wrapIndent m:val=\"1440\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:intLim m:val=\"subSup\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:naryLim m:val=\"undOvr\"\/\u003E\n  \u003C\/m:mathPr\u003E\u003C\/w:WordDocument\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Cw:LatentStyles DefLockedState=\"false\" DefUnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n  DefSemiHidden=\"true\" DefQFormat=\"false\" DefPriority=\"99\"\n  LatentStyleCount=\"267\"\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"0\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Normal\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 7\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 8\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 9\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 7\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 8\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 9\"\/\u003E\n  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Name=\"Placeholder Text\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"No Spacing\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Revision\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: normal;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAhmed Shah Abdali demolished Golden Temple with gun powder and filled sarovar the tank with debris. In 1757 AD, to restore the sanctity of shrine Baba Deep Singh marched towards Amritsar. 5 miles Short and he was intercepted where a skirmish took place. With one stroke of sword Jamal Khan beheaded the Baba. But the Baba had vowed to reach Amritsar. He held his head on the palm and continued to move towards Golden Temple. Seeing a headless person moving the enemy panicked and fled. Obviously a huge crowd gathered and\u0026nbsp; Baba reached Golden Temple where he threw his severed head and fell. The cynics have been casting doubts on the story. But here is a scientific proof that it can happen.\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi4M2kLaj25fPYLdQZK7ZglPLivrWSCs0xOi5O-TRpsHviGCaNoZnSy2W5ft3WomgjZO0E2tOOvxv5kKo3-oGD0V1i_B3w1tO6RbN-DqN5TKlUuqimZfDNcyR0ZxvMYqCFElUlHERPHH0M\/s1600\/61.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi4M2kLaj25fPYLdQZK7ZglPLivrWSCs0xOi5O-TRpsHviGCaNoZnSy2W5ft3WomgjZO0E2tOOvxv5kKo3-oGD0V1i_B3w1tO6RbN-DqN5TKlUuqimZfDNcyR0ZxvMYqCFElUlHERPHH0M\/s400\/61.jpg\" width=\"316\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EAdd c\u003Cspan style=\"color: #00b050;\"\u003EThe great warrior Saint Baba Deep Singh in a walking\nposture with his severed head held in one hand and a sword in the other. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.sikhismguide.org\/babadeepsingh.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003EPLEASE CLICK TO READ\u0026nbsp; DETAILED INCIDENCE OF BABA DEEP SINGH JI\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe paranormal\nseems weird and strange to us, we therefore dismiss it as something incredible\nfor we think that it is only a fantasy created by our fevered or inflamed\nimagination. But there are depths within us which remain unexplored and\nunplumbed by most of us. Paranormal happenings are not normal' or 'ordinary and\nas such they belong to that borderline area where the body and the mind are\ntranscended at times and a relationship occurs between consciousness and the\nobjects of awareness in a flash. But we know only about matter and deny the\nspirit, we are acquainted with gravitation and have no idea of levitation, we\nknow only the outside and are not aware of the-inside 'of things. In this\narticle, Dr. B. S. Yadav shares some of his personal observations and insights\nwith our readers and quotes some instances to prove his point. He says apart\nfrom the brain, we have the 'gut brain' which becomes operative and keeps even\na headless body moving for sometime, if it is deeply motivated by the rgut\nbrain' to do so. \u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgrTgxuMNenNfpIX1WNJAoh2gKtv5WqKmWrWpSnydRB_4g2OVe_LVEpCcScb3WUGosTErOEqd36kMCUn_9WKJ-GD5Q35YVuAdhLna3HKPq0MuV0J5iZjVDfFwvSCKz2VVOMI6dUJTxynnM\/s1600\/DSC06160.JPG\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"265\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgrTgxuMNenNfpIX1WNJAoh2gKtv5WqKmWrWpSnydRB_4g2OVe_LVEpCcScb3WUGosTErOEqd36kMCUn_9WKJ-GD5Q35YVuAdhLna3HKPq0MuV0J5iZjVDfFwvSCKz2VVOMI6dUJTxynnM\/s320\/DSC06160.JPG\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #00b050;\"\u003EThe famous Gurudwara'Shaheedan' where the body of Baba\nDeep Singh fell after throwing his head to a distance of about 1 kilometer\ntowards\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ethe Golden Temple. The Baba was\nbeheaded about 4 kms. away from the 'Shaheedan' site'. \u003C\/span\u003EAdd caption\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nIt is a\nwell-known fact that the Gut Brain of an embryo in the womb \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eis the first to develop and work, and the\nactual heart and the brain begin to function much later. By inference we may\nalso say that the gut brain can be the last to die, after the heart is stilled\nand the brain is silenced.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EIt has been observed that when a person dies\nof a cardiac arrest, his heart is stopped, but his brain remains alive for\nabout four minutes. But even after the brain has died, his facial hair keep on\ngrowing and even a closely shaven person at the time of death, if kept aside\nfor three or four days, grows a clear, stubbly beard. It proves that when a\nperson is declared dead something still remains active and functional in him\nfor sometime. Para-psychology believes that this post-death activity is due to\nthe gut-brain which dies much later. The Japanese call it the \"Hara\nCentre\" and it is located somewhere around the periphery of our navel centre.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgaxdPYz2y_xsyVZWfbpzqKRsUHVStfCd0kAG5glOqVFV7Kp4FzIT180J6dWt0k2-ylaSOY9DjmXZSx8z-C9afJ7Xj2cPfKtINNxAyc3Z3_QGAxhdGkBNPNOxxdsUNxTYTUxWbdZTHmO-Q\/s1600\/DSC06211.JPG\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"248\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgaxdPYz2y_xsyVZWfbpzqKRsUHVStfCd0kAG5glOqVFV7Kp4FzIT180J6dWt0k2-ylaSOY9DjmXZSx8z-C9afJ7Xj2cPfKtINNxAyc3Z3_QGAxhdGkBNPNOxxdsUNxTYTUxWbdZTHmO-Q\/s320\/DSC06211.JPG\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003ETHE CROWDS AT MIRACULOUS PLACE\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe other day I was struck by a newspaper\nreport that the human body has two brains. One of course is inside the skull.\nThe other, hitherto, unrecognised, is the 'Gut Brain', close to the\ngastrointestinal tract. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe gut-brain\nis reportedly more primitive and better developed in comparison to the\npopularly recognised convoluted organ lying in the helmet of the temporal bones\ncalled the Brain. This grey matter took shape much later to share the\nincreasing work load of the gutbrain as man evolved more complicated and complex\nfunctions. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe above\nmentioned details triggered the recall of two bizarre incidents in my memory. One\nwas related to me by Pawan Kumar of \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E'Patiala\nChicken Centre' in Saharanpur. When busy in his daily chore of dressing\nbroilers, he noted that one of his slaughtered birds refused to die.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe be headed creature stood calmly and walked\na few steps. The avian remained in this position for hours together bleeding\nprofusely from the cut end of the neck. A Granthi from a nearby Gurudwara\nfinally came in and recited some sacred words from the holy Gurbani for the peaceful\ndeath to the poultry bird and it dropped dead after some time. It is often\nnoted at the poultry farms, where these chicken are dressed that when a bird is\ndecapitated sometimes suddenly, because of a weak grip, its body gets released\nfrom the hold. It then flies quite high, beating its wings with amazing force,\ntill it drops to the ground after sometime. After decapitation there is\nsomething still left in it which propels it to fly and escape with such\nunimaginable force. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgQCqarb5D8ep1_mmgF9qK-ObsQVB3F-4nOEJydNVElzhh09-HFWulkAZ2QQWaK274rzGynQXb_rpwmNQyP_0IHwmr4bP5YQsqUwtnxAq-kpX9yqG6UIvJUuT224-7WTPIPyoTQ16qalB8\/s1600\/DSC06240.JPG\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"169\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgQCqarb5D8ep1_mmgF9qK-ObsQVB3F-4nOEJydNVElzhh09-HFWulkAZ2QQWaK274rzGynQXb_rpwmNQyP_0IHwmr4bP5YQsqUwtnxAq-kpX9yqG6UIvJUuT224-7WTPIPyoTQ16qalB8\/s320\/DSC06240.JPG\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003ETHE CROWDS AT MIRACULOUS PLACE\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjTvg_PIEJDH-ItjoGCoaaaA8KYRanPWUIxS9Iycxh5cwCMupFoQYQwV_JXwAstkAD7GrBPVSZw_O-pAZM5r_Sma5iyEkkGfvWtA7L9fZjMJrfAfJb1GGxiNUGgbchGyPSevD74VPpBu50\/s1600\/Parkarma.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nIt is\nattributable again to the functioning of the gut-brain. For the headless body\nhas no brains to give it directions. Another incident was narrated to me by my\nuncle. He chanced to enter into an intimate chat with a recluse who came to him\nfor alms. Out of curiosity he asked him as to why he had renounced the world\nand become an ascetic at the prime of his youth. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe man in\norange robes reflected thoughtfully and confessed that he had committed a\nmurder. The victim was asleep when he chopped off his head with a chaff cutter.\nHowever, he was petrified to see that the headless trunk got up, stood firmly on\nlegs and made a frantic effort within the four walls of the room to grab his\nassailant. Terror stricken, he dodged and cut corners as the body with the\nbleeding neck moved with spread-out arms attempting to enclose him in his\nbear-hug. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe incident\nshook him to his roots and he frequently had nightmares of a headless man\ntrying to have him in his deadly embrace. That made him walk out in search of peace\nand he thus renounced the world. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjTvg_PIEJDH-ItjoGCoaaaA8KYRanPWUIxS9Iycxh5cwCMupFoQYQwV_JXwAstkAD7GrBPVSZw_O-pAZM5r_Sma5iyEkkGfvWtA7L9fZjMJrfAfJb1GGxiNUGgbchGyPSevD74VPpBu50\/s1600\/Parkarma.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"257\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjTvg_PIEJDH-ItjoGCoaaaA8KYRanPWUIxS9Iycxh5cwCMupFoQYQwV_JXwAstkAD7GrBPVSZw_O-pAZM5r_Sma5iyEkkGfvWtA7L9fZjMJrfAfJb1GGxiNUGgbchGyPSevD74VPpBu50\/s320\/Parkarma.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EThe wall\npicture of a valiant Sikh warrior Baba Deep Singh having a sword in one hand\nand his own severed head in another now appears plausible to me.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThere are\ndifferent kinds of paranormal phenomena in which the gravitational force is\ntranscended or gets so greatly diluted that it eases to have any effect on men or\nthings. Thousands have witnessed in this century, in wonder and amazement the\nperformance of Vaslav Nijinsky (1892-1960) the famous Russian dancer. He used\nto dance sometimes with such ecstasy that he would jump incredibly high into the\nair and then return to the stage slowly falling like a bird's feather. It is\nproved from his case that the effect of gravity can be nullified and thus\nthings can be teletransported to great distances also defying the pull of the\nearth. Though yet to be scientifically proved there must exist some kind of\nanti-gravity or levitation like we have in the theory of anti-matter against\nmatter. Obviously science is yet to cover many more mile stones. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nInterestingly\n(Swamy) Dayanand had, autopsied a human corpse and found no trace of Nadi\nChakra through which the cosmic energy is said to flow. Dismayed, \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ehe had thrown the two books, The Hathayoga\nPardeepka and Yogabija, into the Ganga for, he said, they carried misleading\ninformation. The 19th century saint at that time had formed that opinion as per\nthe data then available. E.S.P. and parapsychological and other scientific\nresearches were not obtainable at that time. Hitherto fore it was believed that\nthe matter is indestructible while now it is proved that our notion about\nmatter is illusionary and it is only a condensed form of energy and the matter\nas such does not exist. It has been proved in the light of numerous modern\nfindings that our brain and muscles, when trained to do certain things, can do\nso through reflex action when our brain is totally at rest or engaged somewhere\nelse. For example, we have seen that a man behind the steering wheel, while\ndriving is busy in solving his problems mentally, and his hands and legs are\nengaged so perfectly and flawlessly in operating the accelerator, the brake and\nthe clutch. It clearly goes to prove that our brain and muscles can be trained\nand habituated to perform these functions for sometime independently of the\nbrain also. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nScience and\nphilosophy seem to be ultimately converging to the same point. With the concept\nof the gut-brain now deeply probed, the common saying \"have guts' appears\nmuch scientific and virtually refers to some deep visceral impressions fed into\nthem. Therefore the concept of two brains, the one in the head and the other in\nthe belly seems to be gaining-ground in the light of modern researches and the many\nexperiences which are being brought to light daily throughout the world. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"color: #00b050;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"color: #00b050;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"color: #00b050;\"\u003EParikarma the ambulatory track around the Golden Temple,\nwhere the head of Baba Deep Singh fell after it had been thrown by him. photo :\nRobol Singh Goraya \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"color: #00b050;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"color: #00b050;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"color: #00b050;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Ciframe allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"315\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ATz3AdbjyRI\" width=\"420\"\u003E\u003C\/iframe\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjF_yf1zDtWsf84w4mpZav6oEEwCOqX9_k-jPtORu7X1fhDoO9PxIbFt7Q9BakucxF8W-4GVJiyB8ZSRdmEKcSugOA0ehV3npFU21CWFYSIhaZx-8BCLtt8nhnkLexCE8mSDAPfc8-Jx7M\/s739\/Headless+Chicken.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjF_yf1zDtWsf84w4mpZav6oEEwCOqX9_k-jPtORu7X1fhDoO9PxIbFt7Q9BakucxF8W-4GVJiyB8ZSRdmEKcSugOA0ehV3npFU21CWFYSIhaZx-8BCLtt8nhnkLexCE8mSDAPfc8-Jx7M\/s1600\/Headless+Chicken.jpg\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"color: #00b050;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/3810926712969506880\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/can-headless-body-move.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/3810926712969506880"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/3810926712969506880"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/can-headless-body-move.html","title":"CAN A HEADLESS BODY MOVE?"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi4M2kLaj25fPYLdQZK7ZglPLivrWSCs0xOi5O-TRpsHviGCaNoZnSy2W5ft3WomgjZO0E2tOOvxv5kKo3-oGD0V1i_B3w1tO6RbN-DqN5TKlUuqimZfDNcyR0ZxvMYqCFElUlHERPHH0M\/s72-c\/61.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-2345978316437159778"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-01T03:21:00.001-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T05:15:39.493-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"GOLDEN TEMPLE - THE ABODE OF BLISS AND BLESSING"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 7\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 8\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 9\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"35\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"caption\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"10\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" Name=\"Default Paragraph Font\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"11\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtitle\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"22\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Strong\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"20\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"59\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Table Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Placeholder Text\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"No Spacing\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Revision\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgBuGVrXzOvArbiPtkfo3R-8CvDJkuU9CZbl7HejQs_5QsePDS0sgtAAmT9NzBI4VGSkFJ2CDhPyjRzXrcuhPpyTy9y5vZB3a8eWZUd4Vr4MiylfY82pUuM3O-X3T7WCuE8Uc8LG2k8nw8\/s1600\/8a.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"170\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgBuGVrXzOvArbiPtkfo3R-8CvDJkuU9CZbl7HejQs_5QsePDS0sgtAAmT9NzBI4VGSkFJ2CDhPyjRzXrcuhPpyTy9y5vZB3a8eWZUd4Vr4MiylfY82pUuM3O-X3T7WCuE8Uc8LG2k8nw8\/s320\/8a.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhpZr1WuuvvtwmQg50gQ70-2INXxZux1pCahZI_kkaNQkM2HuhsnYC1vQGkD5wgK2MKyqRiyUypOfQx3buvOP-uX6W2Cq0FWKGviFhAj70XlHj8ZiC_xNm-IfafTExraUGysOy-JXyxKc4\/s1600\/1+small.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiAzQBdTmPCFd23i2gP2AxGWM2R7PJeEz3Kq-ekj4HeVApc2iFPl8gNG2HHBphJ14G1E5De4e3iGW1gvF7jtG3DUFtSDig5ZEHqd999FkejrX0X1NYBVitAc5JxejxTJlz3EtYOz0vGYH0\/s1600\/1+small.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EGOLDEN TEMPLE - THE ABODE OF BLISS AND BLESSING\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003Eby S.S.Johar \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EGuru Arjun Dev, the fifth Guru of the Sikhs, was a man of great\nvision and ideas. He succeeded Guru Ram Das in 1581. He resided mostly at Amritsar\nand made it the headquarters of his mission' He continued the work of the\nexcavation of the holy tank at Amritsar started by Guru Ram Das.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E \u003C\/span\u003EThe excavation of the holy pool\nwas initiated by Guru Ram Das in 1573, but the work had to be abandoned for\nsometime, where after it was resumed in 1577. The small village, founded by\nGuru Ram Das had by this time flourished into a township and came to be known\nas Chak Ramdas or Ramdaspur. The pool was enlarged and converted into a regular\ntank by Guru Arjun Dev. He renamed the town as Amritsar. The excavation of the\ntank was completed in 1589. Guru Arjun\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiAaxlOgKTC-Um8MSnWc1BxRlg7xsN0sxLsEVZFHWr2oOxzt70eAsF5ab7h8eY5DhpC8edH79YYY1-GCN5MJLmnTME2WrC0AE8N0v1VqdJksOFrGQlNrG7B-Nm-TAIL3EYAn5RYr2_8_RA\/s1600\/8b.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiAaxlOgKTC-Um8MSnWc1BxRlg7xsN0sxLsEVZFHWr2oOxzt70eAsF5ab7h8eY5DhpC8edH79YYY1-GCN5MJLmnTME2WrC0AE8N0v1VqdJksOFrGQlNrG7B-Nm-TAIL3EYAn5RYr2_8_RA\/s320\/8b.jpg\" width=\"225\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiya37CbhzQ2LUurJ6w08C9tgL6sDaeef4cw-vY5ra_p6Nsa-Dqd_VBaCzhyKj6gXO9E2cB7qCob4MzF9uvFIA3sj1IGdW9XlRxQ_I4M_gz5FavlApRv7HSn9reu71nlnsxahyphenhyphentrRPSnPM\/s1600\/9a.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhB27YKKnq1LO2IUWHOxwsHaePUPBZJDSRx_mFHqg4npdHsmiuUL9aUqepcNjE0JrU078UXUoLVTmwBZmUJGsb2mCg__QfeLHPlRsYQPKSF8ja1SohWk-Zst3FCwJ331RNKu7kHTMYSyrs\/s1600\/8b.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgBuGVrXzOvArbiPtkfo3R-8CvDJkuU9CZbl7HejQs_5QsePDS0sgtAAmT9NzBI4VGSkFJ2CDhPyjRzXrcuhPpyTy9y5vZB3a8eWZUd4Vr4MiylfY82pUuM3O-X3T7WCuE8Uc8LG2k8nw8\/s1600\/8a.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgpbEkIpGSZaICcbFF1G1ogv8HFoVeQ13N4UhjdnijK9ghRANVKR0IohugqU0RpJXGF6LpfPEuPQcU-EQRxAi_Rq2g2mwiIbqsnPU1gJyKgHQRapkEykdFs7oizeakRWYpv8rPMYjWbkvw\/s1600\/9b.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\nDev built the Golden Temple in the centre\nof the pool. The Guru requested the great contemporary mystic and pious Muslim\nsaint Hazrat Sai Mian Mir, to lay the foundation stone of the temple in January\n1589. With the laying of the foundation stone the construction work started\nbriskly. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EThe building of the temple was completed in 1601 and Sri Guru Granth\nSahib was installed there in 1604. Baba Buddha was appointed as the first\nGranthi i.e. the priest of the noty scriptures. ln 1606, Guru Arjun Dev was martyred.\nThis caused a great resentment among the Sikhs. The next Guru, Guru Hargobind,\norganised an army for the first time on a systematic basis. Though a child of\nonly eight years, he laid the foundation of-the Akal Takht. At assemblies there,\norders from the Guru were proclaimed. Seated on the Akal Takhat, the Guru told\nBhai Buddha that henceforth he would wear two swords, one of 'miri' and the\nother of 'piri', those of the temporal and the spiritual power respectively. Hence\nhe preached the name of God to the vast gatherings which came for his 'darshan'.\nOccasionally, he would also go on hunting' expeditions. During his absence, Bhai\nBuddha organised the singing of hymns in Hari Mandir. When Guru Hargobind proceeded\nto Delhi in 1612, he said : \"The Hari Mandir is devoted to God's service and\nit should always be respected. Gambling' drinking and molestation of women\nshould not be allowed therein. No one should steal, utter falsehood, smoke\ntobacco or contrive or conduct litigation in its precincts\". \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EThe seventh Guru' Guru Hari Rai and the eighth Guru, Guru Hari Krishan\nremained most of the time at Kiratpur. When Guru Tegh Bahadur visited Amritsar to\ntake a bath in the holy tank, he was not allowed to enter the precincts of Hari\nMandir by the ministrants of the temple. The doors of Hari Mandir were barred\nto him. He bowed his head from outside and rested at a spot where a platform was\nlater built.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAfter the martyrdom of Guru\nTegh Bahadur, the entire course of Sikh history changed. Guru Gobind Singh had\nto take to arms to fight against tyranny and injustice. He spent most of his time\nat Anandpur and did not have any occasion to visit Amritsar. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe temple, however, had a chequered history\nand it changed hands a number of times. The Sikhs were turned out of their\ntemple and the temple itself was destroyed and desecrated many times by the Muqhal\nrulers and Afghan invaders. Its control was regained by the Sikhs after many\nsacrifices. The history of those days connected with the temple reads like a\ngreat saga of bravery, heroism and valour for protecting it from the onslaughts\nof tyrants. In 1738, Bhai Mani Singh' a pious man, responsible for taking care\nof the temple was martyred at Amritsar. He had once applied to the administrator\nof Amritsar for holding the Diwali fair. The permission was granted by Zakariya\nKhan' to whom the matter was referred on the specific condition that Bhai Mani Singh\nwould pay five thousand rupees to the state for holding the fair.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiy5276CYbjdVQUV5EuykFYQOWIMUdOfYYqXpDUevVBpgTNR0xizMxX_vQw_TVI0PhYXsFMGjoZr1zMKPcURFTsYdLS5KFWNQo6wMB5IQB8ouqoHmh-Tstd_VjCW6T9ubiU7Q0cGj2Db3E\/s1600\/9a.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiy5276CYbjdVQUV5EuykFYQOWIMUdOfYYqXpDUevVBpgTNR0xizMxX_vQw_TVI0PhYXsFMGjoZr1zMKPcURFTsYdLS5KFWNQo6wMB5IQB8ouqoHmh-Tstd_VjCW6T9ubiU7Q0cGj2Db3E\/s320\/9a.jpg\" width=\"201\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EBhai Mani Singh announced\nthe celebration and the Sikhs started coming from all over in large numbers' Zakariya\nKhan sent a company of troops-on the pretext of maintaining law and order. This\ncreated panic among the people and the fair could not be held. So Bhai Mani\nSingh did not pay the agreed amount' At this the authorities were enraged. Bhai\nSahib was arrested and removed to Lahore, where he was asked either to pay the promised\namount or to embrace Islam Bhai Mani Singh refused to pay the amount and his body\nwas cut into pieces bit by bit. This created a great resentment among the Sikhs.\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003ETwo stalwarts, Mehtab Singh and Sukha Singh, could not tolerate\nthe desecration of the Golden Temple by Muslim officers who were holding \"mujras\"\nin the shrine\" They came from Bikaner in the garb of peasants with bags full\nof coins and appeared before Massa Rangarh \"officer-in-charge.' Their\nswords fell on Massa Ranghar who was put to death. Later, these warriors were killed\nmercilessly. The temple was locked and sentries were posted on the entrance\nwith the strict orders of not allowing anybody inside. The Sikhs, however, did\nnot lose heart. Nadir Shah invaded India in 1739. Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia,\na prominent Sikh leader of the time, took advantage of the confusion and\nanarchy which followed the attack. Ahmed Shah Abdali's invasion in 1747 brought\nabout a new era of persecution of the Sikhs. He was determined to wipe out the\nSikhs and destroy the Golden Temple. He occupied and desecrated the temple in\n1757. On hearing of the desecration, some Sikhs vowed to avenge the insult under\nthe command of Baba Deep Singh. A bloody encounter took place about 11 kms.\nfrom Amritsar. But the Sikhs made a clear headway. When they were still about 7\nkm. from Amritsar, Baba Deep Singh was mortally wounded. As he was about to\ndie, a colleague reminded him of his vow to reach the holy precincts. On this,\nhe gripped and supported his severed head with his left hand and with the sword\nin his right hand he went on mowing down the enemies, and at last he reached\nthe Golden Temple. His pledge fulfilled, he threw his head from a long distance\ninto the circular track around the temple. Near the spot where his headless\nbody fell, stands a shrine called Gurudwara Shaheed Bunga Baba Deep Singh\nerected in the memory of the great hero.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiy5276CYbjdVQUV5EuykFYQOWIMUdOfYYqXpDUevVBpgTNR0xizMxX_vQw_TVI0PhYXsFMGjoZr1zMKPcURFTsYdLS5KFWNQo6wMB5IQB8ouqoHmh-Tstd_VjCW6T9ubiU7Q0cGj2Db3E\/s1600\/9a.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiy5276CYbjdVQUV5EuykFYQOWIMUdOfYYqXpDUevVBpgTNR0xizMxX_vQw_TVI0PhYXsFMGjoZr1zMKPcURFTsYdLS5KFWNQo6wMB5IQB8ouqoHmh-Tstd_VjCW6T9ubiU7Q0cGj2Db3E\/s320\/9a.jpg\" width=\"201\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EAhmed Shah Abdali was not the man to let the challenge go\nunanswered. He again invaded India in 1762 and inflicted a deadly blow on the\nSikhs in the battle of Kup Rahira near Ludhiana. This is known as Wadda Ghalughara\nor the Great Holocaust. On his way back to Kabul he invaded Amritsar. The\nGolden Temple was blown up with gun-powder and the holy pool was also\ndesecrated. Countless Sikhs laid down their lives in defence of their shrine. After\nAhmed Shah Abdali's final departure from India in 1767, the Sikhs re-conquered Punjab\nand occupied the Golden Temple which was reconstructed. The holy pool was\ncleared of the debris. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003Eln 1802 Maharaja Ranjit Singh attached the city to his empire. He\nthen entered the holy temple, bowed his head at Hari Mandir and performed his\nablutions in the holy tank. During Maharaja Ranjit Singh's reign (1780-1839), a\ncouncil of Sikhs, headed by the Maharaja himself, was appointed to manage the affairs\nof the temple. The council functioned as long as Punjab remained a sovereign\nstate. During the British regime, the Golden Temple passed under the control of\none man; the Sarbrah (manager), who was the nominee of the Deputy Commissioner\nof Amritsar. These managers mismanaged the affairs of the temple. Immoral acts\nwere practised within its precincts. Great resentment prevailed among the\nSikhs. They grew restive and a Sikh Gurudwara Reform Movement was launched. The\ncampaign was directed mainly against the control of Sikh shrines by the Mahants\nand the British rulers. The struggle finally resulted in the passing of the\nSikh Gurdwara Act which vested the control and management of the Golden Temple\nand other historic shrines in the Shiromani Gurdwara prabandhak Committee (SGPC).\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EWhen the Sikhs asserted their supremacy, the holy pool and the temple\nwere not only restored to their original splendour but the place also grew in\nbeauty. Maharaja Ranjit Singh beautified the temple with gold-work, marble in\nmosaic and fresco-paintings. The lower-half of the temple was decorated with\nwhite marble, in-laid with precious and semi-precious stones like the jade, carnelian,\nlapislazuli, mother of pearls, agate, jasper, solidified quartz, limestone and\nblack and brown marble. The upper half was covered with gold-plated copper. Maharaja\nRanjit Singh, who was a great lover of art and beauty, adorned the temple with\nmural paintings and cut-clay work and enriched it with valuable material. Inspired\nby a holy zeal, he addressed his attention to the beautification of the temple.\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EThe temple is 40.5 ft. square and is erected on a platform of\nabout 65 ft. sguare. lt is a two-storeyed structure over which rises a\nlow-fluted dome in gold metal and has kiosks with fluted metal and cupolas at each\ncorner. There are four doors, one on each side, signifying that people from all\ndirections, irrespective of their religion, nationality, caste or creed, are\nwelcome. A fine archway called the Darshni Deorhi stands at the shore-end of the\ncauseway. The door-frame of the arch is about 3 metres high, 2.5 metres wide\nand more tlran 15 cm. thick. The doors are covered with silver sheets and\npanels and are decorated with artistic ivory in-lay work at the back. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhr4veHRt1nH6dKZxZxE8ViFopCVrEESls4xNZXf9xgEotrZqNuL9rN4HijLulY3iG2JIsuYSYO0t6mkjtIu5_pbJ8j6u8VjeV3FBHHFWvZBjuXIiQT76iTMiXr1PRGL5atpNBRBQQfdb0\/s1600\/9b.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhr4veHRt1nH6dKZxZxE8ViFopCVrEESls4xNZXf9xgEotrZqNuL9rN4HijLulY3iG2JIsuYSYO0t6mkjtIu5_pbJ8j6u8VjeV3FBHHFWvZBjuXIiQT76iTMiXr1PRGL5atpNBRBQQfdb0\/s1600\/9b.jpg\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EAbout 19 metres wide promenade called the parkarrna (the circumambulatory\ntrack runs around the pool. Every centimetre of this track is decorated with\ndifferent varieties of marble. A beautiful causeway is the only way leading to\nthe main shrine. lt is a lovely approach bordered by perforated marble balustrades\nmaking screening on both sides and coloured lamps with elegant gilt lanterns\nare fixed on marble pillars erected at close intervals. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EThe walls of the ground floor of the temple are 'faced' with\nmarble slabs laid-in with arabesque of conventional flower sprays: invaluable stones\nof various colours and shades green, grey, red, pink, blue, black, yellow and\nwhite etc. Some stones have stripes and some others are double coloured.\nln-laid work is so exquisite that at some places more than a hundred pieces of stones\nhave been set only within a space of 9 to '1 1 sq. cm. to make elegant mosaics.\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjS_t7Qa3EFR6zc0YKbatRrP8uiOF6m9tKnSb5T7sBzYkmWoxUruAabxh2gnLa-p1JECNNmKE18rJiE_AoidTMEebiauSpon2VGqv7rRTLuqHZ3CqkLyp8TVs42CHnhQY4umkhLudu3ub4\/s1600\/11b.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjS_t7Qa3EFR6zc0YKbatRrP8uiOF6m9tKnSb5T7sBzYkmWoxUruAabxh2gnLa-p1JECNNmKE18rJiE_AoidTMEebiauSpon2VGqv7rRTLuqHZ3CqkLyp8TVs42CHnhQY4umkhLudu3ub4\/s320\/11b.jpg\" width=\"170\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EThe outside walls of the upper storey, the cornices, the roof,\ncolumns, cupolas, in short, almost every centimetre of available space, with\nthe exception of the floor, are a shimmering mass of 'gilded copper in\ndifferent shades and patterns. The eastern loggia of the temple are covered\nwith copper plates gilded with gold, donated by Rani Sada Kaur, mother-in-law\nof Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The remaining three sides were similarly beautified by\nthe Maharaja himself. Decoration work at other places in the temple was got done\nby the Maharaja, his son Kharak Singh and his grandson Naunihal Singh. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjS_t7Qa3EFR6zc0YKbatRrP8uiOF6m9tKnSb5T7sBzYkmWoxUruAabxh2gnLa-p1JECNNmKE18rJiE_AoidTMEebiauSpon2VGqv7rRTLuqHZ3CqkLyp8TVs42CHnhQY4umkhLudu3ub4\/s1600\/11b.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EThere is a small Shish Mahal on the upper storey which originally\nwas the pavilion used by the Gurus. lt was beautified by Maharaja Ranjit Singh\nwith mirror and glass pieces set in clay, and was painted in diverse colours,\nincluding the golden one. This place is now used for Akhand paths. Hymns are inscribed\non its walls and arches in letters of gold with red, blue and green background.\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EOn the third storey stands the gorgeous golden dome surrounded by\ndozens of similar domes and kiosks. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EThe interior of the temple is richly decorated with floral\ndesigns, painted in tempra or embossed in metal. There is a skilful harmony of\nbrass and gilded copper, cut clay work with mirror pieces with different shapes\nand stones set in.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjrpkdcHZr0pQ1Z-tAR9OrO5JpRCHRy4hTQ3-wlegCJzL_w7SBrmCOq4a9UIrfq6HgTaqFTX6Mh-rTTWZqvKZjh6kSBDFvuyJktGaMMna-qb_-VdkfQ5odqM73pOxZWRblLHEsll_27fjA\/s1600\/10a.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"235\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjrpkdcHZr0pQ1Z-tAR9OrO5JpRCHRy4hTQ3-wlegCJzL_w7SBrmCOq4a9UIrfq6HgTaqFTX6Mh-rTTWZqvKZjh6kSBDFvuyJktGaMMna-qb_-VdkfQ5odqM73pOxZWRblLHEsll_27fjA\/s320\/10a.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003Eln the Golden Temple all the characteristics of the Sikh style are\nfully represented. The frescoes executed on the temple walls are different from\nthose of the Ajanta and the Ellora caves. As for the technique of these\nfrescoes it marks the beginning of a new era in this particular branch of\npainting. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EThese murals were done on walls even as the plaster was wet. The pigments\nused were indigenous and were mostly prepared under the personal supervision of\nthe artists. They were derived from stones, earth, leaves, flowers, charcoal,\noil smoke and some other sources. The colours obtained are known as Lajwar,\nHurmchi, Kajal Kala Sandhur, Shingraf, puri, and Sange Subz prepared from\nmustard oil burnt in earthen lamps. These pigments speak eloquently of the\ngreat skill and ingenuity of the artists as also of their tremendous patience and\nlabour. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjQy5knVl7b3zyCYvYEiqNRlDlOwA_rmvaHmC-bPXAQOJx5CMFrD0BukQn7paJ3lHG4zmqX5CSWxqbgTL8XKW85ytBUwV0cYGUrlu1kf-9zYUBhwutUqKPfVoOZ6cg5p_Qo9y5ueRlZMfQ\/s1600\/10b.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjQy5knVl7b3zyCYvYEiqNRlDlOwA_rmvaHmC-bPXAQOJx5CMFrD0BukQn7paJ3lHG4zmqX5CSWxqbgTL8XKW85ytBUwV0cYGUrlu1kf-9zYUBhwutUqKPfVoOZ6cg5p_Qo9y5ueRlZMfQ\/s1600\/10b.jpg\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EThis technique of fresco paintings is known as Mohra Qashi. The\nartists drew their inspiration from nature. They selected floral patterns and\nanimal figures for their motifs. Of course, occasionally human figures have\nalso been displayed. The different units of a pattern are so fashioned that\nthey produce the effect of a unified and integrated whole. There are about\nthree hundred patterns on the walls which from a distance, give the illusion of\nfabric prints, Kashmir embroidery or Persian carpets hung on the walls. These\npaintings not only appeal to the sense but also create spiritual vibrations and\nstirrings in the minds of the beholders. The architecture of the Golden Temple\nrepresents a happy blending of the Hindu and Muslim artistic traditions. lt is,\nin fact, more than a mere combinaiion of the two and marks the beginning of a\nnew school of temple architecture in India.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003ELocated in the heart of the city the Golden Temple is a source of\neternal bliss and spiritual light to innumerable devotees and visitors who come\nhere at all hours. They visit it all round the year and they come not only from\nthe city itself or all over the country, but distant and different parts of the\nglobe. Here is a thing of exquisite beauty which also provides the holy\nspiritual bliss to those who come to pay their obeisance here. As Bhai Vir\nSingh, the great poet, said \"Here plays the divine grace, like a wave\nrising upon a wave, flooding the heart of the devotees with a new joy, hope and\npeace\". \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003E)))))))\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EGolden Re-gilding \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003E.ln 1762, Ahmed Shah Abdali blew up the Harimandir Sahib with gun\npowder. The Sikhs rebuilt it in'1767 A D' Maharaja Ranjit Singh gilded the emple\nwith l65Kgs. Of gold at a cost of Rs.65 lakh in those days. The entire\nrenovation and gilding work was completed in 25 years in '1830' The gold had since\nstarted blackening and a U.K. based organization Guru Nanak Nishkam sewa Jatha has\nundertaken these wa of regilding the upper portion using leaf gold (waraq)\nweighing about 500 Kgs of 24 carat and the sewa is to be completed by April 13,\n1999. surprisingly the present technique of goldel ectroplating has been discarded\nagainst the traditional waraq pasting technique which has comparatively longer\nlife.It is expected the present gold layer will last for 300 years or even\nmore'. The Maharaja got the gilding work done from Mistry Mohd Yar Khan while\nthe present historical work is being done by artisans drawn from Muradabad,\nVaranasi etc. Bullet. Marks of 1984 operation Blue Star are also being removed from\nthe walls of theTemple.Gilding work is done in such a manner thal the original\ncarvings and floral designs are preserved intact. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EIn 1984 Mrs. Gandhi, ordered the storming of the Golden temple\ncomplex. Military strategists agree that with a siege or, use of lethal, non-lethal\ngas the militants could be demobilized, smoked out and the destruction avoided.\nAkal Takhat a symbol of the highest seat of Sikh temporal power was badly\ndamaged on June 5, 198'4. Maryada, the daily practice, has been restored from\nApril 13, 1997 after the re-construction of the Takhat was completed. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/2345978316437159778\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/golden-temple-abode-of-bliss-and.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/2345978316437159778"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/2345978316437159778"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/golden-temple-abode-of-bliss-and.html","title":"GOLDEN TEMPLE - THE ABODE OF BLISS AND BLESSING"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgBuGVrXzOvArbiPtkfo3R-8CvDJkuU9CZbl7HejQs_5QsePDS0sgtAAmT9NzBI4VGSkFJ2CDhPyjRzXrcuhPpyTy9y5vZB3a8eWZUd4Vr4MiylfY82pUuM3O-X3T7WCuE8Uc8LG2k8nw8\/s72-c\/8a.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-6830292833851655488"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-01T04:30:00.001-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T05:13:55.522-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"PARKASH SINGH BADAL A RAIN LADEN OR A DRY CLOUD?"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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Name=\"Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"59\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Table Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Placeholder Text\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"No Spacing\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Revision\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgfjFao_0Ld1aDlaMF1wqwknq6vtOh30F55O1ZMjQlVSjjS7AXnL4hkKK0iFyFxyYbxZrzHsRA4lWJoeB77bQY230-zU-hSTTivlAYLFUnP411OVU_SonodsjSQcIxkduoqVJ4tStcSYaQ\/s1600\/1+small.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi_aEmQvaUmwmo5EvJHn0f8L8OijXKcJ-XxahmUoyTb66ur_YYWXIHV0dRq7p3uUWUBDwQd6SjGf-ExgTFt3qjaqepgCtnInk8LfFmDE3oh61e254rE5iCz11EagXWSCFV3kcVbToGZLJ0\/s1600\/1+small.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi_aEmQvaUmwmo5EvJHn0f8L8OijXKcJ-XxahmUoyTb66ur_YYWXIHV0dRq7p3uUWUBDwQd6SjGf-ExgTFt3qjaqepgCtnInk8LfFmDE3oh61e254rE5iCz11EagXWSCFV3kcVbToGZLJ0\/s1600\/1+small.jpg\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\nPARKASH SINGH BADAL A RAIN LADEN OR A DRY CLOUD?\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEighqNPCkDvdHYPkw4z_nl4Uq9GdM-n-yaQV7xoEGVH0c03MIYaoLh1PsK3Y1k8jB4jd_TKJxuFj702JSLwrqkkP6Z7gQGVEz-t913jdVJnOQyeRaOj1GH2uXk7pJ68kCl1gZsusFolg8Q\/s1600\/cumulus1.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"256\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEighqNPCkDvdHYPkw4z_nl4Uq9GdM-n-yaQV7xoEGVH0c03MIYaoLh1PsK3Y1k8jB4jd_TKJxuFj702JSLwrqkkP6Z7gQGVEz-t913jdVJnOQyeRaOj1GH2uXk7pJ68kCl1gZsusFolg8Q\/s320\/cumulus1.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAn exclusive\ninterview with the Chief Minister of Punjab (May 1997)\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi_aEmQvaUmwmo5EvJHn0f8L8OijXKcJ-XxahmUoyTb66ur_YYWXIHV0dRq7p3uUWUBDwQd6SjGf-ExgTFt3qjaqepgCtnInk8LfFmDE3oh61e254rE5iCz11EagXWSCFV3kcVbToGZLJ0\/s1600\/1+small.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n-by Nonika Singh \u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nSardar Parkash Singh Badal today stands at?historic moment\nwith all winds blowing in ltis favour. He has got an unprecedented mojority in\nthe state assembly, with a badly mouled Congress party sitting in the\nopposition, an amenable BJP which was not only his electoral ally but also sits\non the treasury benches along with his party, with Mr. I. K. Gujral, a great\nPunjabi who is known for his sincerity and integrity: as the Prime Minister of\nIndia\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjDt-IoyO2QHEktw1QLimtwJkkbYevP3_XJXN3YG-X9nVo3bWnVxMzw20f4gxs7bdkhDPY-LPi5FCc7KbvlZkCpzVxwjM00g0Vkj8C2axPr12CNdYmhccUropzVBsJLH_xHQkso22n3NwA\/s1600\/Badal.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjDt-IoyO2QHEktw1QLimtwJkkbYevP3_XJXN3YG-X9nVo3bWnVxMzw20f4gxs7bdkhDPY-LPi5FCc7KbvlZkCpzVxwjM00g0Vkj8C2axPr12CNdYmhccUropzVBsJLH_xHQkso22n3NwA\/s320\/Badal.jpg\" width=\"190\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgndwtouMzDLf3Y1ckZ5tu-9kp2RmrVDU9XX2Y65TL_AX7_TB0iAVEQudceFqB9HNh-b6UXnQyE6_sE9jP16ExWdc5uQV4lH5audeqI-LmJAZFgjThe2sHZ-LLnRMPIdeTxwVvL_uS3Zno\/s1600\/Tohra.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEim_2d5ZDPHejrPx08-qLAoJQqKuXxjo6JUloP0EwlL2KmkPT0ZOq6NKQ3NACGhZ-YElSQUDeRHUx_Z6Kh6kalC6WV98Cifipirj2cbBcYJrcVYR5s49ymC-hfxsZ9YOHZKQrypqqx9VIw\/s1600\/Mann+ss.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjJ5OvAVhKXTdv9go4KLHjr7HgVDPAroaIj1_nqKr4vAR7jcO1c4-m-4D_dENv-Plyc1MqYhMr68hM9t_LxnuMrXoQMtnfK0WjuZecVenGeip9I3K1y12R3oOacAd40Ar1G_qttplHW2_I\/s1600\/Barnala.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA. Surely it is a rare and fortuitous combination of\ncircumstances which has neither happened nor will happen again. And if now Mr. Badal\nfails to resolve Punjab's outstanding Problems like territorial disputes,\nriver-water problems etc. which have caused unrest and bitterness and have\ndissipated and drained Punjab’s constructive energy from time to time, he would\nbe classed as a monumental failure and the people of the state may perhaps\nnever forget it and forgive it. He has today emerged as the undisputed leader\nof Punjab and has initiated the noble cause of bringing the two communities\ntogether. He is gifted with rare innate wisdom, an uncanny insight into men and\nmatters and has learnt a lot from experience. And in the favourable weather\nthat surrounds us, there flashs the silver lining of hope but would it be followed\nby a spell of refreshing showers which woud leave this land enriched and improved\nor the?ain-laden clouds would drift away without giving the life-rejuvenating\ndownpour?\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThis is the main\nquestion today. NONIKA SINGH asks an array of pertinent and penetrating\nquestions and the Chief Minister answers them with disarming simplicity and d\nthe sincerity and sang-froid of a man who knows his job and is out to do it. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nWhen the Akalis notched' up a victory way back on May\n27,1995 at Gidderbaha a keenly contested bye election which had been translated\ninto a referendum of sorts many a poll pundit had prophesied the return of the\nAkalis. And a year and a few months later the prediction proved to be only\nunbelievably true. Even those who could foresee the Akalis knocking the doors\nof power hadn't imagined a victory of this magnitude. On February 7, the\nelection results revealed that the Akal\/BJP combine has romped home with a\nmassive mandate winning 93 seats in the 117 member assembly. The man who made\nit all possible leading the Akalis out of ignominy to a position of great\nprestige and power is indisputably and undeniably Parkash Singh Badal, who had\nlast tasted Power 17 years ago. A graduate of F C. College, Lahore, Badal hails\nfrom the Malwa region of Punjab. His tryst with politics or more pertinently\nAkali politics began four decades ago as a Sarpanch followed by several\nPositions as Chairman of Block Samitis etc. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgndwtouMzDLf3Y1ckZ5tu-9kp2RmrVDU9XX2Y65TL_AX7_TB0iAVEQudceFqB9HNh-b6UXnQyE6_sE9jP16ExWdc5uQV4lH5audeqI-LmJAZFgjThe2sHZ-LLnRMPIdeTxwVvL_uS3Zno\/s1600\/Tohra.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgndwtouMzDLf3Y1ckZ5tu-9kp2RmrVDU9XX2Y65TL_AX7_TB0iAVEQudceFqB9HNh-b6UXnQyE6_sE9jP16ExWdc5uQV4lH5audeqI-LmJAZFgjThe2sHZ-LLnRMPIdeTxwVvL_uS3Zno\/s1600\/Tohra.jpg\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\nToday he wears the mantle of Chief\nMinistership for the third time. Badal has not only been in and out of power\nbut also in and out of prisons a number of times. Without a twinge of regret he\nreminisces about his period of struggle call of duty and avers, \"Perhaps I\nam the only politician who was jailed for such a Iong time, not for any crime\nbut for political reasons\". Close insiders assess him as the\n'quintessential public man', a full-time politician whose private face just\ndoesn't exist. Little wonder that during the interview not once, except when\nvehemently defending the entry of his relatives into politics, does this man of\nthe masses-his affluent status notwithstanding-let his private self reveal. ln\na shrewd and farsighted political move by aligning with the BJP, Badal has\nsilenced the Hindu voter of Punjab who has all along viewed the Akali party\n(ever since its inception in 1921) with suspicion. For the man in the street,\nBadal epitomises harmony a man who has been able to control dissidents, quell\nrevolt and marginalize extreme factors. The confidence he inspires amongst\npeople can be gauged from this after the recent bomb explosion at Jalandhar,\nwhen someone remarked that Akali hand was behind the violence, a devout die-hard\nHindu snarled back \"Who would set fire to his own house ?” \"But the\nmoot question is will Badal live up to the confidence reposed in him by the\nPunjabis cutting across religion and caste lines?\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjJ5OvAVhKXTdv9go4KLHjr7HgVDPAroaIj1_nqKr4vAR7jcO1c4-m-4D_dENv-Plyc1MqYhMr68hM9t_LxnuMrXoQMtnfK0WjuZecVenGeip9I3K1y12R3oOacAd40Ar1G_qttplHW2_I\/s1600\/Barnala.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjJ5OvAVhKXTdv9go4KLHjr7HgVDPAroaIj1_nqKr4vAR7jcO1c4-m-4D_dENv-Plyc1MqYhMr68hM9t_LxnuMrXoQMtnfK0WjuZecVenGeip9I3K1y12R3oOacAd40Ar1G_qttplHW2_I\/s1600\/Barnala.jpg\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\" Will he be able to deliver or go down in history as a\nman with a record number of incomplete tenures?\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EPolitical\ncommentators opine Badal is a changed' man, more decisive, politically more\nmature and very much in a hurry. His electoral promise to usher in an effective\nadministration like that of Maharaja Ranjit Singh was probably just a\nvote-catching slogan, but his urge and desire to reach out to the people if\nSangat Darshans are any indicator is certainly genuine. Having learnt his\nlessons from his political adversaries, who, he feels, committed harakiri by\ndistancing themselves away from Janta Janardhan, Badal is all set and\ndetermined not only to last a full term but give Akalis an edge on others for\nall times to come.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eln an exclusive\ninterview at his fortified residence (CM's house in Sector 2) whose doors, however,\nare not closed to common man, he answers and parries a volley of questions with\npolitical savvy and astute diplomacy. Some excerpts from the interview: \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nQ. Were you overwhelmed by the sweeping mandate? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA. No, it was always on the cards, crystal clear from the\nword 'go'. In fact we expected to gain more seats as the disenchantment of the\npeople with the Congress rule or rather misrule was abselute. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nQ. How are yau going to justify this mandate ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA. By listening to and abiding by the will of the people.\nAlready we have given free power and irrigation to farmers, abolished house tax\nand trying our utmost to remove irritants which stall industrial growth.\nBesides we are building 12000 houses for Dalits with a budget of 60 crore,\nwherea.s the earlier governnrent had spent only 1 crore. We shall also be\noffering a 'shagan' of Rs. 5100 for the marriage of backward girls. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. But aren't these only populist measures ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. No, these are the genuine needs of the people. Farmers\nare the backbone of our economy and no state can progress 'if its agricultural\nsector lags behind. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. What about the drain on the exchequer, won't it make the\nstate economy heavily burdened and bring it to ruin? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. On the contrary, the economy will get a boost. See if you\nhelp and encourage hard-working people which all Punjabis are, they are capable\nof creating real miracles. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. Do you have any concrete proposals to rejuvenate the\nailing education system especially in the'rural areas ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. yes, we plan to have at least one good quality school in\neach block. Besides, we will ensure 100% enrolment of teachers and the other\nstaff. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. Don't you think it's a question of dedication rather than\nnumbers? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. (Smiles)Well dedication is a rare commodity in our\nnation. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. At a point when corruption is rampant, don't you feel any\ntalk of a corruption-free regime is an elusive dream, a mirage. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. Sure corruption has spread its tentacles far and wide but\nwe are committed to stem the rot. During the recent wine auction no underhand\nor shady deal had taken place. Our government will not tolerate corruption and\nbook corrupt officials even if they are at the highest echelon of service. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. you are being accused of shielding Bikramjit Singh? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. The case against Bikramjit is politically motivated. CBI\nhad already exonerated him. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. With the new development the centre what is your stand ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. To ensure that the congress stays out of power. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. lf the present government offers you certain sops in lieu\nyour party's support, would you accept the arrangement ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. No way. We are not in the potics of manipulation. We\nbelieve healthy democratic functioning. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. Do you have any political aspirations. I mean, are you interested\nfor any position at the centre, if ally BJP comes to power ?\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh8aVuWgau2Ci5E7DuJG1k5RLIoV-OgU5wngn4NmUgoRcvMMPNrbGj8LbP4SdzmCNxlz96mBx-gaa5oiM3YcDjOh4LaJN0-sJwqu4j_pMBTr6MLrlkyuqVrRluK3qCevIg6sR4D_8fRpOA\/s1600\/Mann+ss.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh8aVuWgau2Ci5E7DuJG1k5RLIoV-OgU5wngn4NmUgoRcvMMPNrbGj8LbP4SdzmCNxlz96mBx-gaa5oiM3YcDjOh4LaJN0-sJwqu4j_pMBTr6MLrlkyuqVrRluK3qCevIg6sR4D_8fRpOA\/s320\/Mann+ss.jpg\" width=\"240\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEim_2d5ZDPHejrPx08-qLAoJQqKuXxjo6JUloP0EwlL2KmkPT0ZOq6NKQ3NACGhZ-YElSQUDeRHUx_Z6Kh6kalC6WV98Cifipirj2cbBcYJrcVYR5s49ymC-hfxsZ9YOHZKQrypqqx9VIw\/s1600\/Mann+ss.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEim_2d5ZDPHejrPx08-qLAoJQqKuXxjo6JUloP0EwlL2KmkPT0ZOq6NKQ3NACGhZ-YElSQUDeRHUx_Z6Kh6kalC6WV98Cifipirj2cbBcYJrcVYR5s49ymC-hfxsZ9YOHZKQrypqqx9VIw\/s1600\/Mann+ss.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEim_2d5ZDPHejrPx08-qLAoJQqKuXxjo6JUloP0EwlL2KmkPT0ZOq6NKQ3NACGhZ-YElSQUDeRHUx_Z6Kh6kalC6WV98Cifipirj2cbBcYJrcVYR5s49ymC-hfxsZ9YOHZKQrypqqx9VIw\/s1600\/Mann+ss.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEim_2d5ZDPHejrPx08-qLAoJQqKuXxjo6JUloP0EwlL2KmkPT0ZOq6NKQ3NACGhZ-YElSQUDeRHUx_Z6Kh6kalC6WV98Cifipirj2cbBcYJrcVYR5s49ymC-hfxsZ9YOHZKQrypqqx9VIw\/s1600\/Mann+ss.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEim_2d5ZDPHejrPx08-qLAoJQqKuXxjo6JUloP0EwlL2KmkPT0ZOq6NKQ3NACGhZ-YElSQUDeRHUx_Z6Kh6kalC6WV98Cifipirj2cbBcYJrcVYR5s49ymC-hfxsZ9YOHZKQrypqqx9VIw\/s1600\/Mann+ss.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. I am quite happy in my state, I will be out of 'sync at\nthe Centre. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. 'How significant are regional issues on your agenda and\nhow you intend to reconcile, your \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\ndifferences \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ewith the\nBJP which \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ealso in power in some of the feuding\nstates ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. Demands like Chandigarh, river water issues etc., figure\nprominently on our scheme of things. We have no differences with the BJP, for\n.BJP endorses the concept of autonomy. Moreover our demands are just.\" \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. lf-you were granted. one wish what would you like to do\nabout Punjab? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. Undo the damage done by \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eprevious government and by making Punjab touch\nthe zenith of development. I would like to make it model, an exemplary case which\nother states could follow. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. How are you going to face .Sikh youth, languishing in jails\nsince it was you who .had given the call for Dharam yudh ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. Dharam yudh was a battle for\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ejustice not a religious war-cry. I am\nresponsible for those who fought on democratic lines but not answerable to the\nmisled youth who adopted the path of violence. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. It is being said that you had sent some Akali Jathas\nduring the Babri Masjid demolition. Do you agree ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. Never. lt's a fabrication .I respect all religions. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. There are about 300 Sant deras in Punjab following\nritualistic ways of worshipping which infact goes against the tenets of\nSikhism. Will you take any action ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. As the representative of a secular government I have no\nbusiness to interfere in religious matters. Religious bodies like SGPC, should\nlook into it and take necessary steps, if required. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. Are you a religious person yourself ?\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EA. 'Certainly. But\nlet's not confuse religion with communalism. The two are poles apart. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. What is your government's top priority ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. Good governance, rule of law, put succinctly all that a\nwell-run government is obliged to do. Q, your detractors dismiss your Sangat\ndarshans as yet another political gimmick. Any comments? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. My critics can say what suits them. I am only concerned\nabout the people and their sufferings. I want to feel the pulse of the people.\nEvery family in Punjab has a problem. But thanks to red-tapeism and the\nbureaucratic hurdles, they can't seek redressal at the available platforms. I\nwant to put an end to this. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. How does it feel to be the most powerful man in the state\n? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. I am a very humble man, just an instrument, a via-media\nfor them, to reach out to their real needs and aspirations. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. ls it then a case of 'Uneasy lies the head'?\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. No doubt it's a responsible job, entailing long hours of\nwork. Though I am not reveling in the glory of being the CM, it is extremely\ngratifying that I am dispensing my duties to the best of my ability. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. Who is your political heir?\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. It's for the public to decide. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. Aren't you promoting your son and nephew for the job ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. (Fuming.) I didn't make them MPs and MLAs. My son fought\nagainst the establishment and won when the Congress party was in power. So who\nam I to promote them?\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. But didn't they win because they are related to you ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. So what ? \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Elf a\nlawyer's son becomes a lawyer no one objects. When a doctor's son steps into\nhiS shoes, no ruckus is raised, but when a politician's son enters political\narena, all hell breaks loose. My grandfather was in politics and so was my\nfather. My son and nephew are well-qualified and deserving candidates. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. you mean it's only logical ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. Nods his head. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. How long have you been married ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. (He is taken aback and retorts): How is that relevant ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. I just want to know the kind of influence your wife had\nin your life?\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. She has certainly helped me. (Goes back in time with a\nnostalgic look and adds as an after-thought) After one month of our marriage I\nwas in jail. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. It's being rumoured that during the elections you were a\nmedia favourite. But now the press has trained its guns on you. Do you agree?\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. Press is free to write whatever it feels strongly about.\nI respect the press and believe in the freedom of expression. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. Are you wary of women journalists ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. How can I be ? \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EIn\nlife there is no escaping or denying women. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. Would you care to recount the most beautiful moment in\nyour life ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. Meeting you. (Just for a fleeting moment the guarded\nvisage slips as he laughs to his heart's content with the smile spread over his\nface like some new sunshine). Floored by the reply, suddenly I have the key to\nthe enigma\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. lf this is the charm that works while wooing voters, the\nmammoth verdict in his favour is hardly surprising. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nG. S. Tohra-A force to reckon with in Sikh politics \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/6830292833851655488\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/parkash-singh-badal-rain-laden-or-dry.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/6830292833851655488"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/6830292833851655488"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/parkash-singh-badal-rain-laden-or-dry.html","title":"PARKASH SINGH BADAL A RAIN LADEN OR A DRY CLOUD?"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi_aEmQvaUmwmo5EvJHn0f8L8OijXKcJ-XxahmUoyTb66ur_YYWXIHV0dRq7p3uUWUBDwQd6SjGf-ExgTFt3qjaqepgCtnInk8LfFmDE3oh61e254rE5iCz11EagXWSCFV3kcVbToGZLJ0\/s72-c\/1+small.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-8239124353874807478"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-01T06:00:00.006-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T05:13:30.791-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"THE PLEASURE PURSUITS OF PRINCES"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Revision\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n 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\/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi_aEmQvaUmwmo5EvJHn0f8L8OijXKcJ-XxahmUoyTb66ur_YYWXIHV0dRq7p3uUWUBDwQd6SjGf-ExgTFt3qjaqepgCtnInk8LfFmDE3oh61e254rE5iCz11EagXWSCFV3kcVbToGZLJ0\/s1600\/1+small.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjHSfFnp5_MUppmJqlHtXrjAcVtSdB68U59n4HXDGSsoXj3hqCGkBe5FvtqGfiNlXn_wJDIYHm2Dfgni0jJwcvz5TnR0yjX1olxIpdczWbv4y_afr2C9Cu0erGmAADUhGvIC-yn19QyoVc\/s1600\/bhupinder+Singh.3jpg.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjHSfFnp5_MUppmJqlHtXrjAcVtSdB68U59n4HXDGSsoXj3hqCGkBe5FvtqGfiNlXn_wJDIYHm2Dfgni0jJwcvz5TnR0yjX1olxIpdczWbv4y_afr2C9Cu0erGmAADUhGvIC-yn19QyoVc\/s200\/bhupinder+Singh.3jpg.jpg\" width=\"149\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EMaharaja Bhupinder Singh\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjHSfFnp5_MUppmJqlHtXrjAcVtSdB68U59n4HXDGSsoXj3hqCGkBe5FvtqGfiNlXn_wJDIYHm2Dfgni0jJwcvz5TnR0yjX1olxIpdczWbv4y_afr2C9Cu0erGmAADUhGvIC-yn19QyoVc\/s1600\/bhupinder+Singh.3jpg.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;THE PLEASURE PURSUITS OF PRINCES (Diwan Germany Das's)\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\nSome of Their Sexual Frolics, Fooleries and Fantasies \u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n(From Diwan Germany Das’s work)\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eby B.S.Goraya\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe rulers of the old princely states of India were given to\ndissipations and debaucheries on a scale perhaps unmatched anywhere in the\nhistory of the world. These autocrats with their unlimited powers over their\nsubjects and vast superabundant wealth had reduced their people to helpless\nslaves and serfs. Neither any woman's honour could be safe under their lustful\neyes, nor any man's head on his shoulders under their ferocious and fiery look.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjHSfFnp5_MUppmJqlHtXrjAcVtSdB68U59n4HXDGSsoXj3hqCGkBe5FvtqGfiNlXn_wJDIYHm2Dfgni0jJwcvz5TnR0yjX1olxIpdczWbv4y_afr2C9Cu0erGmAADUhGvIC-yn19QyoVc\/s1600\/bhupinder+Singh.3jpg.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjHSfFnp5_MUppmJqlHtXrjAcVtSdB68U59n4HXDGSsoXj3hqCGkBe5FvtqGfiNlXn_wJDIYHm2Dfgni0jJwcvz5TnR0yjX1olxIpdczWbv4y_afr2C9Cu0erGmAADUhGvIC-yn19QyoVc\/s1600\/bhupinder+Singh.3jpg.jpg\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EMaharaja Bhupinder Singh\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n \u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nMR, B.S.Goraya gives a graphic, though a gruesome account of\nsome of their strange orgies and indulgences which send a cold shudder down our\nspine.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: right;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA recent news report about a a Tantrik tamasha at a South\nDelhi \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ebungalow of a business tycoon,\nbesides raising many an eyebrow, has refreshed some of the ' memories of our\nerstwhile Indian princes whose intrigues have been portrayed by Dewan Jermani\nDas in his famous book \"The Maharaja\". One feels that as far as palace\norgies and intrigues are concerned the Indian big businessmen have claimed\ncomplete inheritance in form and style from the princes. The orgies of these\nnew princes are going on as usual but what is' needed is some Jermani Das who\nmay tell us in his amusing way as to why Sneha Sinha prefers the car dicky to a\ncomfortable cushion seat of a luxury car. Come what may, the records of orgies\nset by the Maharaja of patiala, His Highness Bhupinder Singh, are hard to beat.\nThe Maharaja translated the whole of the stone imagery of Khajuraho into\nreality by having as many women in his harem as the number of days in a year.\nOut of an army of 332, at the time of his death in 1938 only ten were recognized\nmaharanis while about half of them were ranis and the rest were only mistresses\nand servants. But all of them were at the beck and call of the Maharaja who could\nsatisfy his sexual lust with any of them at any time of the day or night. There\nwould, however, be special sessions when a group would be there to help the\nMaharaja to accomplish special feats in bed, high in the air or in water. The\nDelhi business tycoon might have had his limitations but His Highness, Farzand-e-Khas,\nDaulat-e-Engilishia, Mansur-e-zaman, Amir-ul-umra, Maharaja Dhiraj Rajeshwar,Shri\nMaharaja-e-Rajagan, Sir Bhupinder Singh Mohinder Bahadur and so on, was such powerfully\n'sovereign' under the British that he could take the life of any subject by a\nbat of his eye or a swish of his hand. The Maharaja had a Vam Margi Tantrik, pundit\nPrakash Nand Jha, to pursue his tantrik sex worships to pervert to his own purposes\ni.e. managing a large horde of women which otherwise was not a simple matter. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe ferocious but calm looking Jha would conduct the\nworship, clad in a leopard skin, with his face painted red, head shaved and sporting\nonly a tuft of long hair. He had erected a full-sized image of the goddess in\nfront of which the worship was conducted. The worship was attended by a\ngathering of 150 - 400 members a majority of whom were young women, most of\nthem virgins. The maharanis and the other intelligent staff and officers were\nexcluded from such gatherings, though some favourite officers and aide-decamp\nwere invited to them. During the worship a bullock or some buffalo was beheaded\nright in front of the image of the goddess and then cooked there. ln the middle\nof the night when this collective worship was over, strong alcoholic mixtures\nwere served followed by an invitation to the virgins to come forward and strip -off\nin front of the image of the goddess. Thereafter the Tantrik would invite some\nmen who were heavily intoxicated by hours of heavy drinking, to come forward\nand pour liquor on the necks of the virgins till it reached the pubic region.\nThe Maharaja and the men would suck a few drops of the liquid which, according\nto Jha, was the most purifying act. In full view they would then commence copulation\nlike we see dogs doing so in the streets. Blood from the virgins, who had been\ndeflowered by the sturdy men in the most devastating manner, would flow and mix\nwith the one from the slaughtered animal already under the feet of the virgins.\nThese beastly erotic deeds were not only confined to the Patiala house alone,\nbut almost all the rulers of Indian states excelled each other in doing so.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EIt is hard to imagine\na prime Minister presiding over a cabinet meeting while indulging in sex at the\nsame time. But the erstwhile prime Minister of Kapurthala State holds this\ndubious distinction. Gulam Gilani, the PM, had devised a novel way to\naccomplish both. He had earned the notorious reputation of taking unjust\ndecisions as he seldom participated in the court proceedings with dedication.\nOn one side heated discussions and arguments would take place, while on the other\nhand, behind the curtain, he would be holding princess Gobind Kaur in his arms.\nIt was his standing instruction to the courtiers that his decision be always\ntreated as negative, unless he answered in the affirmative. When his dubious\ndeeds were exposed he was expelled under humiliating conditions while a strict\nvigil was maintained over the movements of the princess. Once she gave a slip\nto the security staff, when she was smuggled in the tonga chamber meant for\nhorses' fodder. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nLater Gobind Kaur charmed an army officer and once, on being\nspotted with him, the couple spent a cold December night in a well where after\nthey fled from the palace to spend the rest of their lives in utter poverty\nwhere Gobind made dung cakes to make her both ends meet. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nWe also have the intrigues of the Nabha house. Maharaja Ripudaman\nalways used to hunt virgins only and after marriage he would abandon them in a\nhopeless state and again start exploring new pastures. Once his eyes fell on Pritam\nKaur the highly educated daughter of an official. Offer of a marriage alliance\nwas made to her parents by the Maharaja. Pritam declined it Pritam's parents\ntried to flee from the state but were captured along with their daughter and\nput in jail. Ripudaman disguised as Buta, the criminal, got himself lodged in the\ncell adjoining Pritam's. Then some snakes were thrown clandestinely in Pritam's\ncell and as we often see in the Hindi movies, Buta came to the rescue of Pritam\nand killed the snakes while the wailing Pritam clung to Buta and develop some\nsort of love for her savior. Later the intimacy increased resulting in the\nmarriage with the prince. After some time he abandoned her also like a used\nrag. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nSex is one thing but the most unusual feat was that of his highness,\nthe Nawab Sir Syed Mohammed Hamid Ali Khan of Rampur (U.P.) State who was also highly\ndecorated with English titles. The Nawab had a special weakness of sitting\ncontinously for hours on the lavatory seat. Later with the help of the chief\narchitect he got a toilet seat constructed right in the court room \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ein such a manner that he could keep sitting on\nit for hours without being detected. Thus judgements were being delivered by\nHis Highness along with faeces and farts. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nOf all the tales the most ridiculous is that of the royal\nwedding of the bitch of Junagarh palace with a doggie from Mangalore State, which\nwas solemnized at the cost of more than a lac of rupees (in those days) to the\nstate exchequer. The Nawab of Junaghar himself received the Baraat (marriage\nparty) of 250 dogs as they alighted from the train from Mangalore. Roshanara,\nthe bitch, was profusely decorated with befitting wedding jewellary including a\npearl necklace worth lacs of Rupees.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EHow the Indian\nprinces had become so lethargic and pleasure loving lazy under the protection\nof the British is best illustrated from the example of the Maharaja of Kapurthala\nState. Once the Maharaja was invited to the Buckingham palace which he attended\nin his official regalia, churidar pyjama and brocade achkan decorated with\ndiamonds, coronet in blue safaries tied over his turban and precious pearl\nnecklaces around his neck. He wore the historic belt and sword which was gifted\nto his ancestors by Nadir Shah, the invader. He was cordially received by Lord\nChamberlain at the palace, who presented him to the King and the Queen. As the\nnight advanced, the Maharaja danced several times with the beautiful ladies in\ngross violation of the etiquettes and took a few glasses of champagne and was quite\ntipsy and amused. Before joining the Imperial Majesties for supper, which was\nlaid on several large tables on which precious golden and silver trophies and\nvaluable historic crockeries and precious cutlery in gold were placed, the\nMaharaja felt the urge of using the toilet. As he was invited to this ball\nalone and no official or minister accompanied him, he felt awkward in asking\nany one there to help him to untie the chord or the 'nallah' of his pyjama or\ntrousers. The Maharaja had to request the private Secretary to the King that\nsomebody may be allowed inside. Lord Chamberlain granted special permission and\nthe chief attendant lnder Singh who was waiting outside in the car along with\nhis driver was hurried inside to the great relief of the Maharaja. Quite\nobviously how could the Maharajas tie the turbans when they could not tie or\nuntie 'nallahs' or the chords of their trouser. The Maharajas went for\nreadymade turbans which were imported from Mysore. In the palace however there used\nto be a person or two for this very purpose ie turban making. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nAnd now one strange exception. The Maharaja of Alwar, with his\ntitles as Bharat Dharam Prahhakar Rai Rishi Haly sage of the Domain, His Highness\nand Holyness Maharaja Jey Singh had a very pious image of himself in public,\nwho would not himself indulge in sex and was rather averse to women. The Maharaja\nhad got prepared a genealogical tree of Alwar family to prove that he was a\ndirect descendent of Surya the Sun and thereby of Lord Rama. Though himself a\nwoman hater he would enjoy the indulgence of others. His night orgies would commence\nfrom the dinners which were attended by the maharanis, concubines, a few\nselected ministers, officers, their wives and daughters. In these functions\nhowever there would be no distinction between a Maharani and a concubine. It\nwas free-for-all and the ranks would temporarily be closed. A junior officer\ncould have in his arms the Maharani herself while a senior minister could play\nwith the daughter of an officer or minister. In the end they were free to take\nthe partners of their choice to a secluded place. However, the crafty Gazanfar Ali\nKhan, the Revenue Minister who had the distinction of having been closely\nassociated with Muslim League and later became Pakistan's Ambassador to India\nwould participate alone in these orgies. The Maharaja had exonerated the\npresence of his wife and daughter in view of Gazanfar's submission that he was\na true Muslim and cannot allow his wife and daughter to be present, before other\nmen, unveiled. However the Khan would look more colourful in his night\nparticipations.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAt this other\nministers once complained to the Maharaja that they were happily bringing their\nwomen folk to the dinners but Khan would not do it while he enjoyed with their\nwives and daughters. His Highness agreed to the submission of the ministers and\nlater Khan was ordered that in the next dinner he should ensure the presence of\nhis wife and he was allowed to go to Lahore to bring his wife. Worried at it,\nhe went to Delhi and consulted his friends Iike J.'N. Sahni. Ultimately Khan\nhired a prostitute from Delhi to act as his wife. After extensive tutoring and\ntraining in acting the prostitute was brought to Alwar and was received by the\nMaharaja himself. Later a rousing dinner party was held in her' honour' where\nshe surprised and amused everybody and those who enjoyed the company of the\nseasoned 'Mrs. Khan' cursed Khan in their hearts as to why he had kept the\nright kind of lady away from these 'great', voluptuous dinners. When the\ncourtiers enioyed with 'Begum Khan', Khan had his night with a lady which had\nhitherto remained cool and indifferent to him. The reports of Begum Khan pleased\nthe Maharaja so much that a sum of half a million rupees was gifted to her.\nKhan was allowed to go to Calcutta and Bombay to buy jewellery and dresses for\nthe Begum' for future festivals and dinners. Khan was really now in a jam, for\nany day somebody could recognise her and he would thus incur the wrath of the\nMaharaia So he played another hoax. He sent a telegram from Calcutta that the Begum\nhad expired of a burst appendicitis and enjoyed another long leave while the\nMaharaja and the other palace people sent telegrams of condolences. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nMay be it is the kings who took sex right into the Garbh\nGrih of the temples A scene from a Mysore Temple \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPeople want aphrodisiacs to enhance their strength in their\nloins. Anything would do? Here a man is selling the oil of land lizard (Sana)\nwhich has the dubious distinction of sharpening sexual powers.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/8239124353874807478\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/the-pleasure-pursuits-of-princes.html#comment-form","title":"11 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/8239124353874807478"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/8239124353874807478"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/the-pleasure-pursuits-of-princes.html","title":"THE PLEASURE PURSUITS OF PRINCES"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjHSfFnp5_MUppmJqlHtXrjAcVtSdB68U59n4HXDGSsoXj3hqCGkBe5FvtqGfiNlXn_wJDIYHm2Dfgni0jJwcvz5TnR0yjX1olxIpdczWbv4y_afr2C9Cu0erGmAADUhGvIC-yn19QyoVc\/s72-c\/bhupinder+Singh.3jpg.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"11"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-8421164867788879003"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-02T21:05:00.002-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T05:12:42.678-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"A FAMOUS BEAUTICIAN ANSWERS  YOUR PROBLEMS  "},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" 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Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 7\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 8\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 9\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 7\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 8\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 9\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"35\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"caption\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"10\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" Name=\"Default Paragraph Font\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"11\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtitle\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"22\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Strong\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"20\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"59\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Table Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Placeholder Text\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"No Spacing\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List\"\/\u003E\n 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1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Revision\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhuZYiiczeIfImyFW0V2oFa2HpnB7PtZGgqN0e9lbOQOhV9ajkfNel82G2T4LsBn7B6m48kkq0hT_c94gxr2YSyXpJ8zzNbvd-AkOEHWYonMEetGyAXB9J6LaKGyPhCZf7YSMh5vPNtj6w\/s1600\/1+small.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhuZYiiczeIfImyFW0V2oFa2HpnB7PtZGgqN0e9lbOQOhV9ajkfNel82G2T4LsBn7B6m48kkq0hT_c94gxr2YSyXpJ8zzNbvd-AkOEHWYonMEetGyAXB9J6LaKGyPhCZf7YSMh5vPNtj6w\/s1600\/1+small.jpg\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA FAMOUS BEAUTICIAN ANSWERS\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003EYOUR PROBLEMS\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\nAmar S. K.Singh\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. My hair is falling very rapidly. What can I do to check\nthe hair loss ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. The formation and growth of hair cells depend on proper\nnourishment and oxygen, which only the blood stream can supply. Therefore, the function\nof blood is indispensable to the health and life of hair. When the body is\nhealthy, hair growth flourishes. lf the body is ill, hair weakens and as any\nfunctioning organ, it dies, When the blood stream provides the hair with food\nelements; it grows strong. lf not properly nourished, it becomes weak and\neventually hair loss occurs. So good blood supply to the hair is very important.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ECleanliness of hair\nis another important aspect of hair care. So do take care of your personal\nhygiene. For that use of a good shampoo as frequently as the ' need be is recommended.\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nAlso to achieve the hair loss do massage your scalp\nregularly with f ingertips using hair vitalisers containing proteins. A\nbalanced diet too can make a great difference. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. Normally, my face is clear and\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ewithout pimples but in rainy season so many\npimples erupt and theface becomes sticky, Please tell what I should-use ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA\" Because of humidity in the weather, the skin becomes\nsticky and the blood circulation becomes slow. Daily a few minutes of exercise\nwilt pep up more oxygen in the blood stream. Take a lot of Nimboo pani without\nsugar or just take 8-10 glasses of plain water a day, while bathing clean your\nface and body with any good scrubs and\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ealcohol.'\nPat the astringent into the skin and do not rub it. Ritringent must seep into,\nthe pores. Wash face 2-3 times in a day with herbal Neem soap. Use a properly\nwashed towel every time you dry your face. This is very important.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. My nails are yellow from the top and under the free\nedges' of nails\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EWhat should l do so that\nthey look clean and bright again ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. Stop using nail polish for about 4 weeks. Use only\nreputed brand of nail enamel. For the free edge of nails, use normal bleaching\ncream and keep for 15 mts, then wash it off . Repeat the procedure 2-3 times in\na fortnight. While eating food, make use of a spoon and do not eat with hands\nas food leaves its yellow curry stains on nails sometimes. For bleach under the\nfree edges use cotton tipped orange wood stick dipped in bleach cream or dipped\nin Hydrogen Peroxide.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nQ. How does one do the massage of hands and what movements\nare good for hands ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nA. Bend one, hand slowly with a forward and backward\nmovement to exercise the wrist then start the massage. Take a good hand cream\nand start the massage, slide your thumbs down towards finger tips and in\nbetween give round movements with thumb on the joint of fingers. Then massage\nthe Palm of hands with thumb in circular motion. This movement is very\nrelaxing, Rotate the fingers in large circles, Massage wrist, then top of the hand\nwith a circular movement. End Lip with a normal full hand massage and then wipe\noff with a wet towel.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/8421164867788879003\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/a-famous-beautician-answers-your.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/8421164867788879003"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/8421164867788879003"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/a-famous-beautician-answers-your.html","title":"A FAMOUS BEAUTICIAN ANSWERS  YOUR PROBLEMS  "}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhuZYiiczeIfImyFW0V2oFa2HpnB7PtZGgqN0e9lbOQOhV9ajkfNel82G2T4LsBn7B6m48kkq0hT_c94gxr2YSyXpJ8zzNbvd-AkOEHWYonMEetGyAXB9J6LaKGyPhCZf7YSMh5vPNtj6w\/s72-c\/1+small.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-5221219040290203050"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-02T21:20:00.001-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T05:12:17.243-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"PUNJAB DOWN THE AGES – A RUNNING SURVEY "},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nPUNJAB DOWN THE AGES – A RUNNING SURVEY \u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nDR. SATISH K. KAPOOR has an encyclopaedic sweep and grasp of\nthe history of Punjab. He covers within the ambit of this article, the whole\ngamut of the multi-coloured life of this state from its remote beginnings to\nthe modern times. The entire panorama of this great land, with its soarings,\nslidings and swings in its fortune, has been telescoped for the readers, with\nrare clarity and conciseness. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjYk6pMHTMKGUZbniCbgRVdl4munlmwH0wb0Lpe8eMdSwtBDVRQD9gIj8Ck8PV1sxZek4s67MhxOY-mbaf1QQK9j6onkORnwmI8_i-vBpNgvVzRDIapeAqKKpRB_y4u6xVZYOZK7q3v2FA\/s1600\/Parkarma.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjYk6pMHTMKGUZbniCbgRVdl4munlmwH0wb0Lpe8eMdSwtBDVRQD9gIj8Ck8PV1sxZek4s67MhxOY-mbaf1QQK9j6onkORnwmI8_i-vBpNgvVzRDIapeAqKKpRB_y4u6xVZYOZK7q3v2FA\/s320\/Parkarma.jpg\" width=\"193\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EPUNJAB has been the cradle of one of the most ancient civilisations\nof the world. Although it is no more a land of five rivers, it still tells a\ntale which captivates us all with its richness and diversity. It was in Punjab\nthat Valmiki composed the Ramayana to present before mankind the supreme ideals\nof 'Dharma' It was here that Kaushalya, the mother of Lord Rama, and Draupadi,\nthe wife of Arjuna, were born. It was here that Kautilya wrote the\nArthashastras, Charak composed the Samhita on medicine and Panini set forth the\ngreat compendium of the rules of Sanskrit grammar. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nReferring to the glorious heritage of Punjab, Rabindranath Tagore\nwrote : \"similar to Germany in Europe, the Tigris-Euphrates valley in\nWestern Asia, the Chinese plains in Eastern Asia, Punjab is one of those tracks\non the surface of the earth where the streams of history flowed with full vigour.\nPunjab is that beautiful place of land on which the first ray of morn sprouted,\nin the forests of which the sacred hymns echoed for the first time, on the\nsurface of which was born the first civilized man of India,\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eand on the bosom of which the Indian culture\noriginated.\" \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nSwami Vivekanand described Punjab as the holiest piece of\nland in Aryavarta \"This is the Brahmavarta of which our great Manu speaks.\nThis is the land from whence arose that mighty aspiration of the spirit which,\nin times to come, as history shows was to deluge the world. This land, where\nlike its mighty rivers, spiritual aspirations have arisen and joined their\nstrength till they travelled over the length and breadth of the world and\ndeclared themselves with the voice of a thunder. This is the land which had\nfirst to bear the brunt of inroads and invasions into India; this heroic land had\nfirst to bare its bosom to every onslaught of the barbarians into Aryavarta.\nThis is the land which despite its suffering has not Iost its glory and\nstrength.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEj13OQXerpl5MZQmFOKHAgTM_RAyep7cBtww7n6OgD5-nyc8pfzzo19Fd8sJDZo-5zdeN6YRw1yb2fCT3BW0ON_RttzI-UE3waYQund6PthdaScYyfeFQxhAJPIV-Rs2_j0WtJvE3ioIsI\/s1600\/27.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"232\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEj13OQXerpl5MZQmFOKHAgTM_RAyep7cBtww7n6OgD5-nyc8pfzzo19Fd8sJDZo-5zdeN6YRw1yb2fCT3BW0ON_RttzI-UE3waYQund6PthdaScYyfeFQxhAJPIV-Rs2_j0WtJvE3ioIsI\/s320\/27.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EFrom times immemorial\nPunjab has been the scene of intense activity in all walks of life, its boundaries,\neven its name, have undergone a change in different periods of history. During\nthe vedic age, Punjab was known as Sapta Sindhu or the land of seven rivers. lt\nwas then inhabited by the Panchajanas or five major tribes, namely Anus, \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EPurus Pharatas\" Yadus and Turrasus. . \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nDuring the epic age\" Punjab was known as Panchnad or the\nland of five rivers. The word \"Panchnad\" is the Sanskrit form of the Persian\nexpression \"Punjab\" and the Greek version \"Pentapotamia\".\nPunjab was also known, for many centuries as Tak Desha after the name of a\ntribe which held sway over it from the Indus to the Beas. During the reign of\nChandragupta Maurya and Kanishka the boundaries of Punjab extended far beyond\nthe Hindukush and were outstretched in Central Asia. The Delhi Sultans further\nextended the frontiers of Punjab upto Peshawar. Dr. Hari Ram Gupta an eminent\nhistorian has held that even Chandragupta Maurya was also a Punjabi i.e. the\nnative of Punjab. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nDuring the Medieval age, Punjab was famous as the Suba of Lahore.\nAkbar, the great Mughal Emperor, recast its boundaries by dividing it into two\nprovinces-those of Lahore and Multan, an arrangement which continued for quite\na long period of time. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nWhen Maharaja Ranjit Singh ascended the throne, Punjab became\nfarnous as the Kingdom of Lahore. lts boundaries then extended from the Sutlej\nin the east Peshawar in the west. However, the British occupation of the in\n1849, it was given back the name of the province of Punjab. lt included all the\nterritory from Hisar and Delhi in the East, to Khaiber in the West ln '1901,\nthe north-western districts of Punjab were separated from it. ln 1937, it was\nmade an autonomous province. When India free in 1947, Punjab was partitioned \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ebetween India and Pakistan, as the Radcliffe\nAward. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nIn the times of yore, Punjab saw the efflorescence of the Indus\nvalley civilisation which is said to be the oldest in the world. Indian history\nthus virtually commences with the history of Punjab. The remnants of Sothian,\nHarrapan and post Harrapan periods have been found at Ropar district, Rohira\nand Mohrana in Sangrur district, Dadheri, Sunet and Sanghol in Ludhiana district,\nKathpalon in Jalandhar district and Ghurram in Patiala district. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPunjab has been the melting pot of various cultures and thought-systems.\nBeing the gateway of India, it faced the onslaughts of Greek, Parthian,\nScythian, Saka, Hapthelite, Huna and Persian invaders, some of whom settled\nhere, interacted with the people and in the process gave birth to a vibrant\nsocial and cultural texture which is unique in many respects. Punjab also\nbecame the confluence of many languages like Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic and\nTurkish. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe linguistic and cultural interplay between native and\nforeign elements brought forth a number of religious cults and movements. The Chishti,\nSuhrawardi and Nakshabandi orders of the Sufis came to be established in Punjab.\nVedantists, Sanatanists, Jains, Hatha yogis, Vam Margis, Tantriks and others\nestablished their strongholds in different parts of the region. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe proselytizing zeal of the Muslims, however, shook the complacency\nof the natives who attempted to set their own houses in order.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nln the course of time, Islamic and Hindu religious currents amalgamated\nto form a new faith. Guru Nanak Dev, the fountainhead of Sikh religion, was\naccepted as a bridge between the two major communities. A popular couplet\ndescribed him as \"Guru Nanak Shah Faqir, Hindu ka guru, Musalman Ka pir.\"\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nGuru Nanak Dev was succeeded by Bhai Lehna, better known as\nGuru Angad Dev. He popularised the Gurmukhi alphabet and gave a fillip to the\ninstitution of langar where peopie could dine together without any distinction\nof caste, colour or creed. The third Guru, Guru Amar Das, constructed a Baoli\nat Goindwal with 84 steps leading to it. He is said to have declared that\nwhosoever recited the Japuji of Guru Nanak on each of its stairs would be\nliberated from the cycle of birth and death.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe Fourth Guru Guru Ramdas laid the foundation stone of new\ncity called Ramdaspura which became famous as Amritsar. The \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ecrowning glory of Guru Arjan Dev was the\ncompilation of Adi Granth or the Guru Granth Sahib, which contains more than\n6000 verses of great spiritual personages. He also started the construction of\nthe Harmandir Sahib or the Golden Temple, the sacred shrine of the Sikhs. Mian\nMir, the famous Sufi saint, laid the foundation stone and since then it has\nbeen providing spiritual succour to the people belonging to all communities. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg21JsbUWKfOswrqWwp_BlkBn6OYWwbUq_kf3HWTu5KQeEi4Og2ePyZm8ZIraNObT8-scQvzNiJGGlU1jLsxmusKn3GlhcH6lUPew59EDsalEzN-gwyQRrJ4DXJikVCdSszCPUwnljVWOY\/s1600\/27b.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg21JsbUWKfOswrqWwp_BlkBn6OYWwbUq_kf3HWTu5KQeEi4Og2ePyZm8ZIraNObT8-scQvzNiJGGlU1jLsxmusKn3GlhcH6lUPew59EDsalEzN-gwyQRrJ4DXJikVCdSszCPUwnljVWOY\/s320\/27b.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EGuru Arjan Dev fell a victim to religious bigotry. His\nworthy successor, Guru Hargobind, formed the group of pious, reticent devotees into\nan organisation of soldier-saints. Guru Tegh Bahadur's martyrdom made the last\nSikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, create the Khalsa to fight against political and\nreligious tyranny. The tradition of valour was carried on by Banda Bahadur and others,\nwho encountered the frenzied attacks of Abdus Samad Khan, Zakariya Khan, Yahya\nKhan, Ahmed Shah Abdali, Mir Mannu and Nadir Shah. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe political propensities of the Punjabis were realized\nwhen Maharaja Ranjit Singh created a strong kingdom on a purely secular basis.\nThe fall of the Sikh kingdom was describable to the weak successors of the\nMaharaja and the internecine feuds as also to the superior military and\ndiplomatic skill of the British Raj. However, one can see how the Punjabis\nvigorously fought against the alien regime in the years to come. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe people of Punjab remained at the forefront in the\nfreedom struggle, they had to suffer at\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EThe\npolitical proPensities of the Punjabis were realized when Maharaja Ranjit Singh\ncreated a strong kingdo,tl on a purely secular basis. The fall of the Sikh\nkingdom was ascribable to the weak successors of the Maharaja and the internecine\nfeuds as also to the superior military and diplomatic skill of the British Raj.\nHowever, one can see how the Punjabis vigorouslY fought against the alien\nregime in the years to come. The people of Punjab remained at the forefront in\nthe freedom struggle, they had to suffer at\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003Ethe time of Independence. Their homeland was vivisected, and they had to\nundergo hardships as a result of the transfer of population and the communal\nflare-up. But gradually their losses were compensated through their hard work. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nln the field of education Punjab has given the lead in\nproviding a primary school in each revenue village of the State. Statistics\nreveal that middle school and high \/ higher secondry schools exist within an easy\nwalking distance of 2.02 km to 2.56 km respectively, as against the national\nnorm of providing schools within an area of 3 km and 5 km repectively.Of late,\nthe State has switched over to the uniform pattern of 10+2+3. Computer\nEducation and Technical Education are also being encouraged. At present Punjab\nhas four universities located at Amritsar, Patiala, Ludhiana and Chandigarh which\nattract students and research scholars from all over India and abroad. Education\napart, the sturdy and hard-working people of Punjab have the longest life\nexpectancy and the lowest death rate in the country. lt has been said that they\ncan digest even stones. Even the average Punjabi woman is physically stronger\nand mentally more agile than her counterparts elsewhere in India. She exudes\nconfidence and participates in all the activities of life. ln her traditional salwar-kameez\nwith a dupatta, or wrapped in a saari adorned with zari-gota, carrying a\n'laung' in her nose, bindi or tika on her forehead, or even without these, she\nmakes her presence felt wherever she happens to be. One can see her in her household\ncooking, 'sagg' and 'makki di roti', 'paraonthas', 'malpuras', 'bhugga','pinnies'\nand other things, milking a cow or a buffalo, churning curd, making cowdung\ncakes, interacting with her mother-in-law and sister-in-law, cracking jokes\nwith her 'devar', scolding children or even her husband and getting the rebuff\nin return. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nOne can watch her embroidering intricate patterns on a\nphulkari, performing giddha, playing rope-games or reciting religious texts\nwith the fervour of a priest. She may also be seen in the fields carrying dal-roti\nand lassi for her husband or in the office doing a \"number of jobs. Some\nof them can drive a scooter or a car, handle computers with skill, participate\nin political\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eactivities and speak out\ntheir mind to counsellors in women welfare agencies. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nFairs and festivals are the living symbols of the cultural\nlife of Punjab. lrrespective of whether they are religious, seasonal or\nnational in character, Punjabis observe the fairs and festivals with great\ndevotion and enthusiasm. The celebration of Hola Mohalla at Anandpur Sahib and Khadur\nSahib, Shahidi Jor Mela at Fatehgarh Sahib, Basant Panchami at Gurudwara\nChheharta Sahib, Baisakhi at Pandori Mahantan and Devi Talab Mandir Jalandhar,\nMaghi at Muktsar, Diwali in the Golden Temple Amritsar, Ram Navami at Ram Tirath\nnear Amritsar, the Urs of Sheikh Ahmed Mujaddin Ali-l-Sani at Fatehgarh Sahib,\nthe Harballabh Sangeet Sammelan at Jalandhar,\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003Eand the gurparv all over the State reveal the religious and the frolic some\nnature of the Punjabis. Since Punjab is littered with historical and religious\nshrines, forts, etc., people visit them with the inquisitiveness of a pilgrim\nand the steadfastness of a devotee. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPunjab is well-known for its folk dances bhangra and giddha\nperformed by men a,nd women respectively to the accompaniment of the drum or\ndholki. The recitation of 'bolis' interspersed with the exuberant expressions\n\"balleh balleh !\" or \"hai shava\" the vibrant dance or\nexhilarating postures characterising it, the clapping of hands and other\ngestures bring out the chivalry and the happy-go-lucky attitude of Punjabis Folk\ntheatre forms such as those presented by Bazigars, Mirasi, Bhand, Naqqal,\nSuthrey, Dholamaru and Dhadi, which suffered a setback in the wake of\nurbanization and modern means of entertainment, are staging a come back. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nEndowed with a strong physique, games and sports come\nnaturally to the people of Punjab. Some\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eof\nthem can perform awe-inspiring feats like Iifting enormous weigrd with teeth or\nbending iron rods w:r the neck. Renowned wrestlers like Gama and Dara Singh,\nathletes like Milkha Singh, hockey wizards like Balbir Singh, Ajit Pat Singh and\nSurjit Singh, redoubtable cricketer like Lala Amar Nath and Bishan Singh Bedi,\nKabbadi raiders like Sarwan Singh-all these and quite a few more hail\nfrom.Punjab. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPunjabis have a great sense of social service which is to be\nseen, to be believed whether at a religious place or outside it. The teachings\nof saints, gurus and pirs have helped them to combine 'dhyana' with 'sewa' to\nobliterate their ego and attain bliss. Bhagat Puran Singh's Pingalwara ir Amritsar\nand Sarup Singh Bawa's Pingla Ghar in Jalandhar are two more examples of institutions\nwhich have made service \"an attitude of social commitment.\" \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nWhatever be their differences, Punjabis share certain\nhistorical and existential links, and love to revel in the ocean of their folk\nlore comprising of the 'qissa' of Hir Ranjha, Mirza Sahiban, Sohni Mahiwal and\nPuran Bhagat, or the writings of Damodar, Warris Shah Hasham, Qadar Yaar, Shah Muhammad,\nBulleh Shah and Sheikh Baba Farid. Punjabi literature has also been enriched by\nthe works of Bhai Vir Singh, Amrita Pritam, Shiv Kumar Batalvi, Nanak Singh,\nand many others. ln the field of arts, Punjab has produced painters like Amrita\nSher-Gill and Sobha Singh, musicians like Baba Tuljagir, Baba Harballabh, Pandit\nTolo Ram, Mohammad Hussain, Mian Ahmed Khan, Mian Udo Khan, Pandit Vishnu\nDigambar and Barhe Ghulam Ali Khan, theatre wizards like Prithvi Raj Kapoor and\nBalraj Sahni, singers like K. L. Sehgal, Mohammad Rafi and Bhupendra, and\nprodigies like M. S. Randhawa and inimitable Nek Chand, the creator of\nChandigarh's Rock Garden. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPunjabis are adventurous by nature and have settled in\nalmost all nooks and corners of the world. They have the will of a Protagoras and\nthe venturesome spirit of a Columbus. lf they do not find opportunities for\ndevelopment, they know how to create them. They are known for their hospitality\nand religious tolerance. They pay respect to all religious prophets.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E++++++++++++\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ECoins of\nGreeko-Bactrian period from' Texla reveal that Punjab has 'been under the rule\nof foreigners. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EA portrait of Ranjit\nSlngh the secular Maharaja who had left a deep impact on the history of Punjab \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe last of the scians of Sikh royalty -Maharaja Dalip Singh\nwho died in exile\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EThe Jatts who have\nboth defended and fed India, are a community peculiar to Punjab and form its\nbackbane Photo : H. S. Baiwa \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/5221219040290203050\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/punjab-down-ages-running-survey.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/5221219040290203050"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/5221219040290203050"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/punjab-down-ages-running-survey.html","title":"PUNJAB DOWN THE AGES – A RUNNING SURVEY "}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjYk6pMHTMKGUZbniCbgRVdl4munlmwH0wb0Lpe8eMdSwtBDVRQD9gIj8Ck8PV1sxZek4s67MhxOY-mbaf1QQK9j6onkORnwmI8_i-vBpNgvVzRDIapeAqKKpRB_y4u6xVZYOZK7q3v2FA\/s72-c\/Parkarma.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-9065097880809122119"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-02T22:51:00.002-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T05:11:57.604-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"SHIV KUMAR BATALVI THE POET OF THE MASSES "},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\nSHIV KUMAR BATALVI The Poet of the Masses \u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\nTo a born poet, poetry comes as naturally as leaves to a\ntree. Shiv Kumar Batalvi, whose birth Anniversary falls in the month of July,\nis to be classed among those few true poets who lived and breathed poetry right\nfrom their early days. No wonder, he was the youngest recipient of lhe\nprestigious Sahitya Academy Award for hk outstanding contribution to Punjabi\nliterature. In this article, DR. MANJIT SINGH projects the passionate singer\nas a man snd as a composer of some of the immortal verses of Punjabi poetry. \u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nhiv Kumar Batalvi, the young est recipient of th\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEj66_iBwQbHAtA3wtKEMUpWpEmbdKskE8nq1hXxFgvg3AK92_Bx2AwtVICK3PuV4wplBuMbtbWctipIRZPDtEcJPolcdiTLHktysDSTTcJoTUzWwGS0QNxOk4-tvCbxLf9YOhWAf4KJ6aA\/s1600\/29.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEj66_iBwQbHAtA3wtKEMUpWpEmbdKskE8nq1hXxFgvg3AK92_Bx2AwtVICK3PuV4wplBuMbtbWctipIRZPDtEcJPolcdiTLHktysDSTTcJoTUzWwGS0QNxOk4-tvCbxLf9YOhWAf4KJ6aA\/s320\/29.jpg\" width=\"190\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\ne Sahitya Academy\nAward for his contribution to Punjabi literature, is known today all over the\ncountry for his deep sensibility and his poignant melodies. He not only wrote\npoetry but also expressed his views on different forms of literature in\nscintillating prose which includes character-sketches and even translations of\nforeign fiction. A born poet, Shiv Kumar Batalvi was very popular among the\nmasses for his poems, full of plaintive emotions, which he used to sing in his\ncaptivating voice. He was always highly applauded at Mushairas. lt is a fact\nthat he was given time at the end of a Kavi Darbar (Poetic soiree) because after\nlistening to his poetry the gathering began to thin out as many felt that they\nhad heard the best poet of the occasion and need not stay on there. He started\nwriting poetry in the year 1957. The language department, Punjab, organised a Kavi\nDarbar at Dalhousie in the same year. Barkat Ram Yuman a poet-guru of Shiv\nBatalvi met him there. Shiv recited his poem: \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nGama dee raat lami en \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nke mere geet lamen nen\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ENa bherhi raat mukdi e\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ENa mere geet mukde nen \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n(l do not know which is longer : The gloomy night or my\nsongs. There is no end to either of them). \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nAlthough Shiv Kumar was not officially invited there but the\nfellow poets admired his poetry and he was paid a remuneration for reciting\nthis wonderful poem there. After that Kavi Darbar he was always invited to\nparticipate in the mushairas and was listened to with great love, eagerness and\nattention. He was born on July 23, 1936 at Barha Pind Lohtian in Sialkot\nDistrict. His father Krishan Gopal Mahajan and mother Shanti Devi helped him in\nusing mythological and historical vocabulary for composing poetry. He passed\nmatriculation from Salvation Army High School, Batala, and got admission in\nBaring Union Christian College in the same town. Without completing his F. Sc.\nhe left the institute and joined a college at Baijnath to obtain a diploma in Civil\nEngineering, but the fate willed him to follow a different course and he soon\nhad to change his entire approach to life. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nDuring his stay at Baijnath, he came across a girl named Meena,\nin whose search, he felt, his soul had been hankering for numerous births.\nAfter getting her home address, Shiv became friendly with her brother and came closer\nto the family. Meena promised him to be his wife. From then on, Shiv created\nhis own world of fantasy where he dwelt and got a deep inner satisfaction. As a\nresult, he could not pay any attention to his studies. Suddenly, Meena died.\nWithout her, Shiv felt he could not live even for a moment and the loss\nproduced some of his sweetest songs which are marked by deep pathos. The\nprocess of poetic creation, which derives its intensity and truth from the\nlived experience as well as from the dynamics of an imaginative transmutation,\nfound its grand synthesis in Shiv Batalvi. He wrote in his poem 'Shreen De\nPhul' Marean geetan di Meena mar gai, Reh gia pandhi muka pehla hi koh (The\nMeena of my songs is dead. With her death, the traveller could not go beyond\nthe first leg of his journey). \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nShiv discontinued his studies and returned to Batala. He\ntried to forget Meena but couid not, and went on to produce some of the finest\npoems from the personal tragedy. His was a poetry of the contemporary\ngeneraiion of love, despair, agony and death. The poet does not feel delighted\non the occasion of his birthday. He cannot commit suicide, for that would be cowardice\n: \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nAdhi raatin uth uth rovan \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nkar kar chetey moean nun \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nMaar duhathran pittan jadh main \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nTut jae koi tara nein \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n(l weep at midnight on the loss of my beloved. My anguish is so deep that even\nthe stars feel it and some one would fall out of its orbit). \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAnother source of inspiration of his poetry was Ansuhia, who came into his life\nand promised him life-long companionship. Now Shiv felt somewhat comforted but\nwhen she went abroad without giving any prior intimation to him, he could not reconcile\nhimself to this loss of another beloved. He sent messages to her to return but\nshe did not respond. Shiv likened her to the bird ,Shikkra, (the young one of a\nhawk) and said \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nMaye nin maye : \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nMain ik shikkra yaar banaya \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nUhdey sir te kalgi \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nTe perin jhanjar \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nTe uh chogg chuginda aayea \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nChoori kutan, te uh khaanda nahin \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nUhnu dil da maas khavayea \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nlk udaari uuc aici maari \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nUh murh vatni nan aayea. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n( O mother; I befriended a shikkra. I gave it my flesh to feed on but it never\nreturned, once it flew away). \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nHis first collection of poems 'Peerhan Da Praaga, appeared in 1960. ln these\npoems, he depicted his personal sentiments, his beloved's attitude, pangs of\nseparation and concept of death. The main feature of his poetry is that he used\nsuch vocabulary which has never been touched upon before in Punjabi poetry :He\nderived his powerful imagery from the folk culture and rustic life of Punjab.\nHis symbolism, diction and the novel usage of myth enriched Punjabi literature\nin a unique way : \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThaba ku julfan walea \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nMere hanian mere piarea \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nPirhan di pathkan josh ke \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGira asan banwa lia \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nHadan da balan bat ke \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nUmran da ava ta lia \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nKacha piata ishq da \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAjj shingraffi rangwa tia. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n(The poet addresses-his beloved who has luxuriant hair and says that his love\nfor her has matured through a painful process of incineration where his pains\nand bones have been used as a fuel). \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nHis next anthology was published in the year 1961 under the title 'Lajwanti'.\nln this book, his poem 'Shisho' is indeed a marvellous one. He has portrayed\nthe miserable life of a poor family exploited by the rich and the powerful. The\nlater try to make 'Shisho' the object of their lust. The poet laments that the beauty\nof a poor girt like Shisho is a curse rather than a boon for her family, and a source\nof suffering and misery for her parents : \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nRonde rehe sitare ambrin \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nPhurhi pa nimane \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nSari raat riha chann betha \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nShisho de sirhane \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nShalla baanj marivan mape \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nDhidon bhukhe bhane \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nUc ghar jamen na koishr'sho \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nJis ghar hon na dane \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n(The plight of Shisho is mourned by the weeping stars in the sky and th6 moon\nsitting by her side all through the night. The poet prays that it-is better\nthat the destitute parents of a girl like Shisho should not give birth to her).\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eln 1962, he got admission in the Government\nRipudaman College, Nabha in the pre-University in Arts. Although he could not\nappear in the University examination, yet he wrote another book 'Atte Dian Chirhian'\nduring his stay there. This book is entirely different from the other two books\nwritten earlier. Here, the poet seems to be under the influence of a new\nexperimentation. The impact of Freud is clearly visible in this collection\nwherein he seems to be the basic motif : \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nMain aksar iss taran vi sochda han \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nKe sare jeev jantu te prani \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nKe van trin poun, mitti, agg, pani \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nHai sari kaam chon upji kahani \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n(The poet often thinks that ail the creatures and the five fundamental elements\nare the products of sex). \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nFor this book he got an award from the language department,\nPunjab. ln 1963, came out 'his next collection 'Mainoo Vida Karo,. ln all the\npoems the poet's death wish is predominantly projected. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nLike Keats, he prophesies hrs death at the prime of his life\n: \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAsan tan joban rute marna\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nMurh jana asan bhare bharae \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nHijar tere de kar parkarma \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAsan tan joban rute marna \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n(The poet has a premonition that he\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ewould die at the prime of his life suffering\nthe pangs of separation from his beloved). \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nWith this book Shiv Kumar completed half of his poetic\njourney. After this he wrote 'Birha Tu Sultan comprising 111 poems including 1 new\nones. The poet seems to be weary of the city life where he spent much of his\ntime. He says \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nLohe de iss shehar vich \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nLohe de lok rehsan \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nLohe de geet sunde \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nLohe de geet gaunde\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ELohe de iss shehar vich\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EPital de lok rehende \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nSike de bol bolan \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nShishe de ves pounde \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E(This wasteland is\ninhabited by lifeless and unfeeling persons. Their approach to life is totally\nmaterialistic and they are not what they appear externally). \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n'Dardmanda Dian Aheen, was published in 1964 and it contains\nonly 25 poems which the poet selected from the four books i.e. Peeran Da\nPraaga', 'Lajwanti,, 'Atte Dian Chirhian' and 'Mainoo Vida Karo'. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EShiv, in his writings was influenced by some\ncelebrated poets of the world. ln his preface to this book, he acknowledged the\nimpact of Micoveski, Keats, SheIey and Shah Hussain. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nThen came in 1965, Batalvi's magnum opus 'Luna. It gave a\nrevolutionary turn to the famous legend of Punjabi literature. His 'Luna' is\ncast in an entirely different mould from that of Kadaryar and Puran Singh.\nThroughout the ages, Luna had been condemned for seducing her step son, Puran.\nlt goes to Shiv's credit that he raised Luna to the pedestal of a tragic\ncharacter who had revolted against the unjust social order which permitted the\nmarriage of a young girl to a man of the age of her father : \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nDharmi babal pap kamaya \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nLarh laea sade phul kumlaya \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nJis da lshran roop handia \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nMain Puran di maan Puran de han di \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nPita je dhi da roop handave \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nLoka ve tenu laaj na aave \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nJe Luna puran noon chahve \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nChri tarheen kahe kiun jeebh jahan di \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n(Luna laments thai her father had done a great injustice to her by marrying her\noff to an aged person whose youth had already been consumed by his former wife\ni.e. lshran. His son Puran is of the same age as she (Luna). The society does\nnot raise a finger if an old man marries a girl of his daughter's age why is she\ntermed characterless if she desires Puran who is of the same age as she).\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E'Main Te Main, his last poetic work came\nout in 1970. This long poem reveals the predicament of the poet's self. lt\npicturises the dilemma of an alienated person whose sensitive soul suffers at\nthe hands of an indifferent society : -\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nMere layee uss din suraj \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nBarha manhoos charhia iee \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nMain apne sahmane jacl app \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nPehli var maria see \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nMain uss din bahaot roia see \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nMain uss din bahoot dariatsee \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n(The poet envisions his physical death and says that he wept a lot on his\ndeath. lt was an ominous day for him and he was full of fear). 'Aartee' was\npublished in 1971. Il includes poems on varied themes written by the poet from\n1963 to 1965. This great poet died on May 6, 1973 in his in-law's house at\nKeerh Mangial village in Gurdaspur District. \"This was the end of the man\nbut the beginning of a legend ', says O. P. Sharma in his book on Shiv-Batalvi.\nAfter his death, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar brought out a book 'Alvida'\nin 1974. The \"book was edited by Dr. Piar Singh and contains some of his\nunpublished poems. Mrs. Arun Batalvi, the poet’s widow, mustered courage to\nedit the poetry of her late husband entitled 'Sog', 'Bhireharha', 'Asan Tan\nJoban Rute Marna' and 'saggar Te Kanian,. Shiv Kumar Batalvi will always be\nremembered for his invaluable contribution to Punjabi literature. He wrote for\nthe people and the people who enjoyed his poems in their solitude, discussed\nthem in the seminars with warmth, verve and vivacity. He appeared as a bright\nstar on the horizon of Punjabi poetry, and true to his death-wish, he\ndisappeared when his glory reached its zenith. His doleful notes would continue\nto echo in the minds and memories of the lovers of Punjabi literature for\ncenturies to come for they are written with the pen of imagination, dipped in\n'the ink compounded out of the agonies and aches of a bleeding, lacerated\nheart. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/9065097880809122119\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/shiv-kumar-batalvi-poet-of-masses.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/9065097880809122119"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/9065097880809122119"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/shiv-kumar-batalvi-poet-of-masses.html","title":"SHIV KUMAR BATALVI THE POET OF THE MASSES "}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEj66_iBwQbHAtA3wtKEMUpWpEmbdKskE8nq1hXxFgvg3AK92_Bx2AwtVICK3PuV4wplBuMbtbWctipIRZPDtEcJPolcdiTLHktysDSTTcJoTUzWwGS0QNxOk4-tvCbxLf9YOhWAf4KJ6aA\/s72-c\/29.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-3395420701155760325"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-02T23:03:00.001-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T05:11:42.901-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"THE GREATEST PUNJABI OF ALL TIMES"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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\u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Co:OfficeDocumentSettings\u003E\n  \u003Co:RelyOnVML\/\u003E\n  \u003Co:AllowPNG\/\u003E\n \u003C\/o:OfficeDocumentSettings\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Cw:WordDocument\u003E\n  \u003Cw:View\u003ENormal\u003C\/w:View\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Zoom\u003E0\u003C\/w:Zoom\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackMoves\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackFormatting\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:PunctuationKerning\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:ValidateAgainstSchemas\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003E\n  \u003Cw:IgnoreMixedContent\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:IgnoreMixedContent\u003E\n  \u003Cw:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003E\n  \u003Cw:DoNotPromoteQF\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeOther\u003EEN-US\u003C\/w:LidThemeOther\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeAsian\u003EX-NONE\u003C\/w:LidThemeAsian\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeComplexScript\u003EX-NONE\u003C\/w:LidThemeComplexScript\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Compatibility\u003E\n   \u003Cw:BreakWrappedTables\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:SnapToGridInCell\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:WrapTextWithPunct\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:UseAsianBreakRules\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:DontGrowAutofit\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:DontVertAlignCellWithSp\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:DontVertAlignInTxbx\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:Word11KerningPairs\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:CachedColBalance\/\u003E\n  \u003C\/w:Compatibility\u003E\n  \u003Cm:mathPr\u003E\n   \u003Cm:mathFont m:val=\"Cambria Math\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:brkBin m:val=\"before\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:brkBinSub m:val=\"--\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:smallFrac m:val=\"off\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:dispDef\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:lMargin m:val=\"0\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:rMargin m:val=\"0\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:defJc m:val=\"centerGroup\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:wrapIndent m:val=\"1440\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:intLim m:val=\"subSup\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:naryLim m:val=\"undOvr\"\/\u003E\n  \u003C\/m:mathPr\u003E\u003C\/w:WordDocument\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Cw:LatentStyles DefLockedState=\"false\" DefUnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n  DefSemiHidden=\"true\" DefQFormat=\"false\" DefPriority=\"99\"\n  LatentStyleCount=\"267\"\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"0\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Normal\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 7\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 8\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 9\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 7\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 8\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 9\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"35\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"caption\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"10\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" Name=\"Default Paragraph Font\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"11\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtitle\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"22\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Strong\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"20\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"59\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Table Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Placeholder Text\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"No Spacing\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Revision\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" 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Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nTHE GREATEST PUNJABI OF ALL TIMES\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nby Raj Kumar Kapoor \u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nWhen you ask yourself the question\n'Who is the greatest Punjabi \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eof all\ntimes?\" Do you have to strain and stretch your resources of thought and imagination\nto answer it? May be sometimes you are so close to the source and fountain of\nlife that you forget about it altogether. Do you know what really sustains you\n: the earth, the air, the water, the fire or the sky ? Yet there is something\nbeyond and above these which helps you to draw your nourishment from each of\nthese elements. Similarly our all-time 'great' Punjabi continues to play a paramount\nrole in our life in a number of ways, even though we may be unaware or\noblivious of it. Now have you guessed him aright ?\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjq0IyQHOfIUvgYdjN7hXkIJ7pSWgMqcKWoElRdwJoc3oo1CWxsvD6RQoI-TliC15yd7X6mszNJ_9xCFVxaOsKtsWRjisFfVpTxHREBEm8Vad2F0J0OzkUXqAuanEewethA5Fceej8Wt_c\/s1600\/Guru+Nanak.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjq0IyQHOfIUvgYdjN7hXkIJ7pSWgMqcKWoElRdwJoc3oo1CWxsvD6RQoI-TliC15yd7X6mszNJ_9xCFVxaOsKtsWRjisFfVpTxHREBEm8Vad2F0J0OzkUXqAuanEewethA5Fceej8Wt_c\/s320\/Guru+Nanak.jpg\" width=\"242\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nAnyone confronted with the question\n“Who is the greatest Punjabi of all times?” would set himself to a\nreductionistic process of choosing and discarding, selecting and rejecting a\nlarge number of persons till eventually he reaches someone who truly conforms\nto some broadly agreed criterion of a great man. So there is no wander that one\nof the most cogent and convincing ways of Socrates, the eminent Greek seer and\nphilosopher, when he discussed a proposition, was to get explained, interpreted\nor defined some of its key words. This was indeed a very effective and efficient\ntechnique to save much time and energy. Once the important words were explained\nand understood, the parameters were fixed and as such there was little or no\npossibility of the discussion ever fallowing an unnecessarily long, tortuous or\ncircuitous route and getting lost in a wilderness of obscurities sophistries\nand inanities. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nOf course there does not exist a\nsure litmus-test to judge and elect a great man but to avoid much confusion and\nvagueness, it is desirable to know what we really mean by the word 'great'.\nThis word has been so over-used that it has come to be among the most misused\nor even abused words in the English language thereby losing much of its magical\npatina. Therefore in order to pen down and answer this question it is deemed necessary\nto divide the greats into three broad categories according to their general\ncharacteristics and qualities.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nIn the first category fall\ngreatmen who empress only people of their times-we would call them the noted\nones. There are others whose influence travels through a few generations only\nand then trails off, we would call them the noticeable ones. And then there is\nthe third category of men whose powerful impact impinges upon their generation\nand the generations to come, whose influence envelopes the earth slowly like\nsome vast sky. They are hailed as the noteworthy ones. Though in the beginning\nthey may all look very much alike, the noted ones are soon forgotten, the\nnoticeable ones are also pushed after sometime into the lumber - room of dry\nchronicles but those belonging to the third elect category rise like phoenix,\nin every age thus living for ever in the heart and memory of a grateful people.\nElaborating it further, to the first category belong the rulers, the\nconquerors, the politicians, the administrators and some others of tnelr tribe\n; to the second category belong the thinkers, the artists, the writers, the\nscientists and others of their ilk ; and \"to the third supreme category\nbelong the saints, the sages, and the saviours who are the salt of the earth\nand constitute its\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Egreatest glory and\ngrandeur. Their influence never wanes with the passage of time but keeps\nenlarging and increasing and deepening with every age. During their lifetime,\ngenerally, they are the most misunderstood and therefore the most maltreated\npeople but they start rising soon in the general estimate till they are\nregarded by them as the crown and consummation of humanity and their name\nbegins to echo and reverberate from all directions. The lone crusaders, as they\nwere, when they started, they have people flocking to them in ever larger numbers,\ntill their followers form a vast concourse traversing, the path blazed out : by\nthem. Now keeping the above discussed criteria in view our choice of the\ngreatest Punjabi ever, would immediately be the one, who after about five\nhundred years has broadened and deepened his influence imperceptibly and is\nremembered and revered to-day as one of the finest flowerings of humanity.\nPunjab, of course, is doubly blessed where Baba Nanak the great Guru was born,\nmoved among its people, reached enlightenment and where his benedictions flowed\nlike nectar from a paradisiacal spring. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjoTSS0oE83fAlVy4Q8z3Wr6s8PRkMEIThNc71qWVxZmtuKC1tKvIzKqXzyQdrh4_4lK244I7HOfLzr0ZpiJcB1iTjv62Sog-fyOqdIRB3qcVqiiE0EwVpELOcpJehlOm77grhSKgSpzqc\/s1600\/Guru+Nanak_0001.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"274\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjoTSS0oE83fAlVy4Q8z3Wr6s8PRkMEIThNc71qWVxZmtuKC1tKvIzKqXzyQdrh4_4lK244I7HOfLzr0ZpiJcB1iTjv62Sog-fyOqdIRB3qcVqiiE0EwVpELOcpJehlOm77grhSKgSpzqc\/s320\/Guru+Nanak_0001.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThere is also a very simple and\nreliable measure with which to assess and know the greatness of a truly remarkable\nman. lt is by making a running survey of the conditions prevailing around him\nin society at the time of his appearance and then to compare them with the changes\nwhich his work and presence brought about in the life of the people; the\npowerful forces that are released to touch off a chain-effect of reforms and\nimprovements in the world and which for ever continue to refine and enrich life\nin a variety of ways. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nBefore Guru Nanak's advent on the\nscene, in the fifteenth century, Punjab was passing through the darkest period\nof its history. Aggressions and invasions launched against it had scarred the land\nand sucked it dry. lt was thus ablaze with agony, and chaos Prevailed\neverywhere. Earlier Timur had passed through it like a river of fire fallowed\nby avaricious marauders who looted and plundered the land in the cruelest way\nimaginable. Then the Lodi kings unleashed a reign of terror, fallowed by\nBabar's invasion in 1526 which descended upon the people like some satanic whiplash\nleaving them all the more bruised and bleeding. Indeed it was the worst of\ntimes, with the densest blackness prevailing all around. This reign of fear and\nfanaticism fallowed by ruthless conversions had resulted in a wide-spread moral\ndecay and spiritual degeneration. The distinctions of caste and the rampant\nritualism had left the masses wallowing in cant and hypocrisy. With telling\nbrilliance and boldness Guru Nanak himself described these anarchical times\nthus : \"Kaliyuga is a dagger, Kings are butchers, Dharma has taken wings\nand disappeared, in the black night of falsehood, The moon of truth is nowhere\nto be seen ....\" \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nBut as the darkest hour preceded\nthe dawn, in the encircling gloom rose Guru Nanak as the resplendent sun. In\nthe murky and the black atmosphere of his times he burst forth like a new dawn\nand dispersed and dissolved the dark clouds hovering all around. The supreme\nguide that he was the divine master was hailed by many as one who had come to\nlead them from darkness to light, from evil to righteousness, and from death to\nimmortality. ln politics he opposed tyranny, in economics he was against all\nkinds of exploitation, he was the uncompromising champion of the equality of\nman and woman and believed in humility which was to be freed from a festering\nego as the latter is the greatest stumbling block to spiritual growth. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nAlthough the Guru had a multi-dimensional\napproach and bestowed his attention on many other important aspects of life, in\nhis sagely wisdom he knew that religion was central to it. Social, political, economic\nand other developments were necessary for the harmonious growth of man but he\nknew that all changes in the outside world are only fleeting and transitory and\nwould not last long unless they are buttressed and supported by an inner\nawakening which can only come out of self-realization. Therefore he set himself\nto the gigantic work of improving refining and deepening our approach to\nreligion. Thus starting with it he laid the basis of one of the most\nprogressive and vital forces in our religious development by being the founder\nof Sikhism. While retaining the true mystico - metaphysical insights of other\nsaints and sages, which conformed to his deepest understanding, he made them\nmore dynamic and effective by adding to them numerous distinctive political,\nsocial and secular colours and hues. As suc h the faith that he propounded was\nnot life-negating and did not preach withdrawal from life. God, according to him,\nwas not a static, contemplative concept to be worshipped in stocks and stones\nbut a very live and dynamic one. According to him as God existed and was good\ntherefore, it is incumbent on us all to be good and responsible and seek him only\n.in the human context. Guru Nanak therefore, gave us this gem of an insight\n\"Truth is high, but higher still is truthful living\", which has a few\nparallels in the history of religion anywhere. Here he laid emphasis on\ncommunity organisation. But this engendered the need of a succession of Gurus,\nthe true masters, and thus Guru Nanak gave to the people of Punjab, this august\ninstitution of Guruship. Gifted with a unique fore-sight he knew that a continuous\nand concentrated work and effort over a length of time are necessary for these\ninsights to percolate down to the people. Their caste and community prejudices which\nhave poisoned the wellsprings of life need constant cleansing and purification\nto make life really purposive and meaningful. Thus he initiated a line of great\nmasters so that they may disseminate the ideal of humanistic equality by their inspiring\npreaching and ennobling presence. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nWhen Guru Nanak appeared on the\nscene religion, and the philosophy of religion, the esoteric and exoteric\nliterature had been a cause of wide-spread confusion among the people. The\nbewildering range of exegetical literature, interpreting the sacred texts of\nthe Vedas, the Upanishads, the Gita and the Brahm Sutras alongside the metaphysical\nand epistemological treatises, carrying suitable polemics of Buddhist and\nNayaya authors were enough to leave any true aspirant for the religious\nexperience dazed and disheartened. Thus Guru Nanak did another outstanding\nservice to the people by accepting the broad concepts of Vedanta pertaining to\nthe Atma, the Karma and the ultimate concept of Brahma, the Supreme Reality. God,\nhe said, is both immanent and emanative and therefore He transcends the cosmos but\nalso permeates it as its indwelling spirit. This basic vision is the bedrock of\nhis cosmology. He further simplified the bafflingly intricate and complex\napproach to God's realization by laying down only three imperatives for it; the\nGuru (the true master), the Sat Nam and the 'prasad' (the divine grace). The\nGuru illuminates the shishya or sikh with the wisdom concerning God and teaches\nhim Sat Nam, which is really the heightening of the flame divine that is inside\nus all but has a low, imperceptible glow. This way the divine grace would\ndescend upon the disciple as he spiritually evolves. The brief, straight and\nsimple approach greatly helped the people to move unfalteringly and unfailing\non the path divine and in this way he raised the quality of both their inner\nand outer life. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThen to share these deep insights\nwith others Guru Nanak travelled far and wide during those days when, because\nof the utter lack of means of communication and transportation, such long\njourneys involved the greatest imaginable hassles and hazards. The divine compassion\ntook him not only to different places in Punjab but also to numerous far-flung\nplaces in the world. And it is mind-boggling to know that he spent about twenty\nyears on these peregrinations, leaving his young wife and two little sons behind.\nThose historic tours were undertaken with a view to helping the people to shed\nthe errors and misconceptions that had crept into the moral, social, religious\nand political life of the people anywhere. He was gripped with such a sustained\ndivine zeal as has seldom taken hold of any man known to history. He travelled\nnot only throughout the length and breath of the lndian subcontinent but also\nwent as far as Tibet in the North, Ceylon in the South, Arabia and Afghanistan\nin the West, Burma and the China in the East. He visited centres of religion,\nsocial and cultural hubs of the South Asian world, was in the company of rulers,\nleaders, scholars and divines of different.strata of society and those\nbelonging to all kinds of professions. With his vision more deepened and broadened\nhe came back to share it with his own people. lf he had done nothing else\nexcept undertaking these grand missions for enlightening the people of the\nworld, they would have been sufficient to give him a place of undisputed honour\na distinction in our history and the history of the world. Yet only the tip of the\niceberg is visible to the ordinary eye, and the great saviour helped and\nguided' innumerable souls on the path divine. As Swami Ananda Acharya says in 'Snow\nBirds' that his devotees and admirers \"rested on the Master's Word like a\nbee poised on a dew-lit, honey rose\" His name rang throughout like a\ncelestial bell hung up in the sky. His Hindu devotees called him Satgur Nanak\nDev, and the Muslims addressed him as Hazerat Nanak Shah, thus vying with each\nother to proclaim his glory. Even in the Muslim world outside India his name\nbegan to reverberate in the heart of the true seekers. It is amazing to know\nthat in the mediaeval times, when religious bigotry and fanaticism and wars for\nconversion were the order of the day, in the Arab world itself, he was\ngenerally known as Pir-i-Hind. There still stands a memorial in Baghdad, the citadel\nof Muslim culture, where his name is inscribed as 'Hazrat-Rab-i-Majid Baba\nNanak Faquir Aulia'' To win the heart and love of one's own people among whom you\nhave lived and moved may be a different thing altogether but to win and receive\nthe highest honours from an alien people wedded to their traditional ways was\nsomething again unprecedented in the history of the world. And yet it is\nanother infallible measure of his true greatness that he was absolutely\noblivious of his extraordinariness and fame- He never claimed himself to be a\nsaint, a seer, a saviour or a redeemer much less a divine incarnation. He never\nclaimed to be anything more than a human being and stated ' I am composed of\nfive elements and my name is Nanak.\" Thus he preferred always to be a man\namong men' He took' a peculiar delight in singing his favourite song to the\naccompaniment of rebeck, played upon by his chosen companion Mardana. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Elts refrain, which runs as follows,\nparticularly attracted him 'Tu Hai Nirankar Kartar, Nanak Banda Tera'. (You are\nthe true creator, Nanak is thy humble servant). \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n-And Yet this supreme Master after\ncompleting his grand missions and getting bathed in glorY abroad and inside the\ncountry settled at Kartarpur on the right bank of the river Ravi and resumed\nhis duties as a simple householder. He took to farming, ran a common kitchen\nand regularly held satsang (sacred meetings) where his lovers ind disciples,\nbelonging to all castes and communities, took part freely in singing hymns composed\nby him. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nSo here was a man in whom the\nelements were so magnificently mixed and balanced that they attuned to their\nultimate and fullest divine possibilities. In him the creative sensibility was\ncoalesced with a deep acceptance of 'the cosmic will to bring forth a\nremarkable fruition of a life of the highest benevole.nce and sublimity. His ambrosial\nverses when chanted bY the congregation would leave it drenched with some\nfragrant vernal showers. Mark, for instance, his recipe for success in the\nspiritual world which exhorts the devotees to go for the harmonious development\nof their \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Edifferent faculties to enter\nthe world divine. The imageries employed are culled from every day life but tne\nspiritual cadences he draws out of them make the whole Process of meditation\nand enlightenment fully explained and expounded. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\"Let chastity of thought, speech\nand action Provide the furnace; Let Perseverance be the modeling (moulding) skill\nand talent ; Understanding the anvil ; The wisdom of past sages the hammer ;\nThe fear of God be bellows ; Devotion and austerity the fire ; Love the vessel\nin which the substances of the spirit melt ; ln such a mint of the true word, model\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E(mould) thyself.\" \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nHerbert Grierson, a great literary\ncritic, has given a comprehensive definition of great men in which he says that\ngreat men are those who do great deeds, or counsel their doing or celebrate\nthem when done ; meaning thereby that a great man is either one who achieves great\ndeeds or he who inspires great deeds or he who sings of such deeds as a Poet.\nThus according to him any one who accomplishes any of these three things is great.\nWhen we apply this definition to Guru Nanak we are amazed to find that he has\nachieved all these three in his life in a superb way-Thus he is all these three\nrolled into one and yet he is much more which is left uncovered by this\ndefinition- In the first Place, he had the greatest plenary experience of unity\nwith Godhood then he was also a great Master who inspired peopled and led them\non the path of self-realization and enlightenment and Yet again he was also a\nGod-intoxicated singer' He gave us a treasury.of 9.58. songs and-hymns,\npreserved in their original and undefiled form in the holY Guru Granth Sahib,\nwhich is among the richest heritages of sacred literature in the world. Thus\nGuru Nanak is among those who truly embody and epitomize in their person all that\nis laudable, lofty and lasting in the religion and culture of this land. He in a\nway, defies all comparisons and categorisations. Guru Arjan Dev calls him the\nGuru -Parmeshwar- He truly and aptly observes' Whoever happened' to see or hear\nhim was saved from the ordeal of being cast into the womb again and again\".\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nSo Guru Nanak had such magic and\nmajesty about him that his-touch, sight and word alone changed the notorious\nrobbers into the friends of humanity, barbarians were converted into the\ncitizens of the world, ascetics were transformed into devoted householders, and\ntyrants were metamorphosed into the servants of society\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nNow to confine this universal man\nwithin the narrow bounds of being merely the greatest Punjabi appears to be\nindicative of a myopic vision and a narrow outlook- And vet it is true that\nalthough Guru Nanak belongs to the whole world, his birth, work and long presence\nhave left Punjab incomparably enriched, like the sun which illuminates and brightens\nup all directions, yet the East where it rises is left uniquely blessed and\nbeautified by its first red glow with the birds singing carols the clouds \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Etinged golden, and the fresh fragrant breezes\nblowing from the newly opened flowers. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/3395420701155760325\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/the-greatest-punjabi-of-all-times.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/3395420701155760325"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/3395420701155760325"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/the-greatest-punjabi-of-all-times.html","title":"THE GREATEST PUNJABI OF ALL TIMES"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjq0IyQHOfIUvgYdjN7hXkIJ7pSWgMqcKWoElRdwJoc3oo1CWxsvD6RQoI-TliC15yd7X6mszNJ_9xCFVxaOsKtsWRjisFfVpTxHREBEm8Vad2F0J0OzkUXqAuanEewethA5Fceej8Wt_c\/s72-c\/Guru+Nanak.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-1327862294565656488"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-02T23:53:00.001-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:56:45.908-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"PUNJABIS BEYOND THE SEVEN SEAS"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\nPUNJABIS BEYOND THE SEVEN SEAS\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\nDr. S.P. Singh \u0026amp; Shiv Charan Singh Gill\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nThe process of emigration and immigration is not something\nnew. It has always been the,re. Thousands of years ago, Aryans moved from\nEastern Europe to the middle east, then further emigrated to the Indian\nsub-continent. After a long struggle for existence, they eventually became\nmusters of that region. Three quarters of the population of America, Australia\nand Canada are immigrants. There are some-societies for which emigration is a must.\nWithout muss emigration, Ireland and Italy would have been over-crowded' only\ntenacious and persistent people emigrated in search of a better life. They do\nnot accept poverty as their fate. To make their dreams come true they travel to\nunknown lands and are willing to endure all sorts of hardships. Whereas less\nindustrious people crawl for crumbs and never try to look beyond a slice of\nbread, the Punjabis are strong sturdy and adventurous pe\u003Cspan style=\"mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;\"\u003Eople and (\nthey have always tried to find\u003C\/span\u003E new avenues in search of a good living\nand better creature comforts. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n'Punjabis and potatoes are available all over the world' is\na common saying which appreciates and applauds the enterprising spirit of the\nPunjabis. The noted journalist Khushwant Singh went a step ahead, while\ncommenting upon this special trait of Punjabis that whenever a human being will\nstep on the surface of the moon, he will find a Punjabi family already settled\nthere. So, it is evident that the Punjabis by nature, are ever exploring new\nvistas, new horizons, new lands and accept the daunting challenges in order to\nachieve something new and novel in all fields. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nTurning to this inbred and innate habit, the Punjabis in the\nearly twentieth century explored new lands for many kinds of gains. They went\nto South-East Asia especially to Thailand, Singapore, Burma etc. But realizing\nthe limited potential of these countries, they started migrating to U.K.,\nU.S.A., Canada, Australia, New Zealand ete. The process of migration from early\ntwentieth century is still going on. Unofficial sources claim that Punjabis are\nliving in about 100 countries in sizable numbers in the U.K., the U.S.A.,\nCanada, Thailand, Singapore, Kenya etc. ln these countries Punjabis are now\nparticipating in the social and political life of these countries. ln Canada, a\ndozen of Punjabis are involved in active politics and 'have earned a\nrespectable place. Now Punjabis are occupying responsible positions as Central\nMinisters, State Minister Attorney General. ln the U.K., Swaraj paul is donninq\na peerage as a member of the House of Lords. Many Punjabis are Mayors in\ncountries like England' So is the situation in Singapore, Thailand, Kenya etc. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nSo the immigrant Punjabis are now enjoying a good reputation\nin different countries of the world. The immigrant Punjabis are economically\nwell off and socially they are well placed. But by achieving all this they are\nnot mentally satisfied because of the nostalgia and the fear of cultural\nabsorption by the majority community of the lands in which they are settled.\nlmmigrant Punjabis are very much attached to lndia and Punjab. Every\nsignificant or insignificant incident compels them to react because of their\ndeep affinity to the land to which they actually belong. primarily it was the\nreason why they raised their voice about the incidents relating to Punjab\nrecently. Nostalgically they feel attracted to Punjab and most of the time\npsychologically. The immigrant Punjabis sometimes feel insecure and misplaced\nwhile living in foreign lands but at the same time they are now not in a\nposition to leave the foreign lands and come back to their native country\nbecause of many family compulsions and the facilities, they are enjoying in\nforeign lands. Apart from nostalgia, the other significant concern of Punjabi\nimmigrants is the cultural crisis. The future generations are attuning to the\nculture of the land in which they are settled. The present generation of\nPunjabi immigrants are concerned about the assimilation of their young generation\nin the cultural main stream, which means that they will lose their identity\nwith their own nation and religion. This brutal reality haunts them constantly\nand they are so worried about this problem that lot of efforts have been\ninitiated in this regard. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nRealizing the grim situation of their breaking ties with\nPunjabi culture, now special attention is being paid to the teaching of Punjabi\nlanguage to their children and wards. After a lapse of almost a centfry;the\nimmigrants have now realized tfie importance of their mother ton(;ue. ln order\nto attract the young generation to the importance of Punjabi culture, now it\nhas been realised that special attention should be paid to the working\nknowledge of their mother tongue. So now the efforts are being made in this\nregard. British Columbia is a State of Canada which has accorded second\nlanguage status to Punjabi. Similar is the case in Singapore. Teaching\nfacilities have been provided by the government in the U.K., Thailand and the\nU.S.A. Frequent visits of Punjabi immigrants to Punjab are also a part of the\nefforts being put by the immigrants to liqk the young generation to their\nnative land. Religious places in foreign countries are also playing a\nsignificant role in 'the linking process of the immigrant people. So it is\nevident that immigrant Punjabis are putting up efforts to overcome the ugly\nsituation which is being visualized by some of the sociologists and the\nanthropologists. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/1327862294565656488\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/punjabis-beyond-seven-seas.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/1327862294565656488"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/1327862294565656488"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/punjabis-beyond-seven-seas.html","title":"PUNJABIS BEYOND THE SEVEN SEAS"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-2576917826253513189"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-03T00:02:00.001-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:56:28.110-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"HEALER AMONG TREES "},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Co:OfficeDocumentSettings\u003E\n  \u003Co:RelyOnVML\/\u003E\n  \u003Co:AllowPNG\/\u003E\n \u003C\/o:OfficeDocumentSettings\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: 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Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  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UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  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Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   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Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nHEALER AMONG TREES \u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch3 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nMiraculous Properties and Folklore\nof Nim\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nDr. Satish K. Kapoor\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nIt is only mythical that the Tree\nof Knowledge existed in the Garden of Eden, but the Tree of Life certainly\ngrows in India. Nature has gifted this land with a rare arboreal wealth. Its\nwoodlands and forests contain a bewildering diversity of trees, plants, herbs\nand shrubs which sustain and support life in a number of ways. But it is the\nNim tree (Margosa) which is really the wonder Tree of India. Its medicinal\nproperties and the variety of uses to which its bark, twigs, leaves, flowers\nand seeds can be put make it one of the greatest boons of nature to this land. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nIn this well-researched article,\nthe writer, Dr. Satish K. Kapoor, gives our readers, a deep peep into its\nfolklore and reveals its numerous therapeutic qualities. ,after having read\nthis article you can’t pass by a Nim tree without passing a grateful smile at\nit ! \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nTradition has it that Emperor\nAlexander's chronic fever was cured\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ewhen\nhe rested in a Nim forest in Punjab.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe miraculous virtues of the Nim\nwere known Indus valley people. Both Charak and Sushruta recommended it for a\nnumber of diseases. Ancient works on the veterinary science like the Palakapva\nSamhita (also known as Hastyayurveda) and the Shalihotra samhita prescribe it\nfor the treatment of many maladies of elephants and horses also. Kautilya\nincludes it in the magical formulations for injuring an enemy. The Gobhila\nGrihsutra prohibits its use for sacrificial purposes perhaps because the\nbitter-fumes of its leaves and wood may repel some and thus distract attention.\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nMuch folklore has grown around Nim\nwhich is often associated with Shitata, the goddess of smallpox, who along with\nher seven sisters Brahmi, Maheshvari, Kaumari, Vaishnavi, Varahi, lndrani and\nChamunda resides in the tree and is propitiated in different parts of lndia on\nspecific days named after her on Shitala Shastahi (sixth day of bright hatf of\nMagha in Bengal); Shitata Saptn[(seventh day of the dark half of Shravana) in\nGujarat and Shitala Ashtmi (ejghth day of the dark half of Phalguna) in\nnorthern Indla. It is customary to place Nim leaves near smallpox patients or\nto fan them with fresl branches of the tree for early recovery.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAs a matter of ritual, tht Hindus take Nim\nleaves on the firs day of the bright fortnight of Chaitr:\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E(March-April) to insure themselves against\nany disease for a period of one year\" This is the most appropriate time\nwhen the tree, after a short leafless spell in March regains its foliage. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nNim's association with the lndian\nophiolatriac (snake-worshipping) tradition is due to its efficiency in\nmitigating the effects of snake poison. ln rural areas, the affected person is\nadministered Nim leaves and black pepper till his taste buds recapture their\nsensitivity to bitterness.The tree, like the serpent, is regarded as the emblem\nof, life. Its curative virtues are embodied in the goddess Mansa, the queen of\nsnakes, who is worshipped during the rainy season. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nNim has also been regarded as a\nprotective and a talisman against the effects of the evil eye. lt is customary\namong some Brahmin families to place Nim leaves and cow's urine outside a\ndelivery room to safeguard the mother and the child from a possible malefic\ninfluence. During an epidemic Nim leaves are hung outside the houses or at a\nvillage entrance to scare away the ghosts and spirits of the disease. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe tradition of carrying a dead\nbody on a plank made of Nim wood, sprinkling water over mourners with Nim twigs\nand chewing Nim leaves after returning from the cremation ground is still in\nvogue. ..\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EDue to its germicidal properties some Natha\nyogies insert Nim sticks in the ear-holes of their disciples after piercing the\nears at the time of initiation. The tree is so valuable that the nomads swear\nby its name. The Banjara males test the fidelity of their wives by asking them\nto lift the branch of Nim thrown by them only if they are chaste. The tribal\npeople of the Himalayan region refrain from cutting the tree even in dire\ncircumstances. The Tai Khamtis tribe of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh grow Nim\noutside the Buddhist shrines. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nNim or the Margotla tree\n(Azadirachta indica A. Juss or Melia indica Linna) is of a medium or large-size\nhaving a height of 15-20m. lt belongs to the family Meliaceae; it remains\nvirtually evergreen, and is found throughout in dry areas in India. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nln Sanskrit, it is called by\nvarious names -,Nimba, for it promotes health (nimbati sinchati svasthyam),\nPichumarda, for it destroys leprosy (Pichum kusthammardayati nashyati),\nArishta, for it is harmless to the body ( n arishta m ash u b h a m asmaf) and\nHinguniryasa, for it releases a useful gum like asafoetida. Nim is also\ndescribed as a panacea for all diseases (sarvarogahara) and hence a bitter boon\nof Mother Nature. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe traditional uses of Nim are many\nand varied. lts soft twig serves as a natural toothbrush and tongue-cleaner.\nlts leaves are soaked in water for a hygienic bath\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eor for drinking in case of skin complaints,\nthe rooms are fumigated to drive away mosquitoes and other insects, its leaves\nare Put in drawers or cupboards, placed between clothes or mixed with grains to\nkeep away bugs and worms; it is chewed or taken in paste form in cases of\nfever, Ciabetes, jaundice and other diseases, or applied as Poultice to heal\nwounds or soreslts bark is rubbed against. ground or decocted for use in\nnausea, lumbago, rheu1 matism and general debility or as an anthelmintic\n(wormicide) against intestinal worms. lts Yellow fruit (nimboli) is a blood\nPurifier and a purgative. lts seeds yield the bitter margosa oil which is used\nboth internally and extemally as a sure remedy in many diseases; the remaining\nKhali(oil cake) is used by farmers as a fertilizer and as a pesticide. Nim's\nwood which is resistant to more than a hundred species of insects is used for\nhouse construction, ship-building, furniture and for sculpting idols, as in the\ncase of holy images in the temple of Lord Jagannath at Puri. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nNim is an air-Purifier of great\nvalue; it releases more oxygen during daytime than many other trees because of\na larger leaf-area and a higher rate of photosynthesis.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nModern science has corroborated\nwhat the ancient Hindu sages, seers, botanists and ayurvedacharyas observed\nabout the extraordinary virtues of the Nim tree millennia ago. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nDr. Satish K. Kapoor \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 1.8pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/2576917826253513189\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/healer-among-trees.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/2576917826253513189"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/2576917826253513189"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/healer-among-trees.html","title":"HEALER AMONG TREES "}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-7147044675603531966"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-03T00:07:00.002-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:56:06.529-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"DALHOUSIE – THE CINDERELLA AMONG HILLS"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Cw:WordDocument\u003E\n  \u003Cw:View\u003ENormal\u003C\/w:View\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Zoom\u003E0\u003C\/w:Zoom\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackMoves\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackFormatting\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:PunctuationKerning\/\u003E\n  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Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"text-indent: -0.25in;\"\u003E\n\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Cw:WordDocument\u003E\n  \u003Cw:View\u003ENormal\u003C\/w:View\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Zoom\u003E0\u003C\/w:Zoom\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackMoves\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackFormatting\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:PunctuationKerning\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:ValidateAgainstSchemas\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003E\n  \u003Cw:IgnoreMixedContent\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:IgnoreMixedContent\u003E\n  \u003Cw:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003E\n  \u003Cw:DoNotPromoteQF\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeOther\u003EEN-US\u003C\/w:LidThemeOther\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeAsian\u003EX-NONE\u003C\/w:LidThemeAsian\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeComplexScript\u003EX-NONE\u003C\/w:LidThemeComplexScript\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Compatibility\u003E\n   \u003Cw:BreakWrappedTables\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:SnapToGridInCell\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:WrapTextWithPunct\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:UseAsianBreakRules\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:DontGrowAutofit\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:DontVertAlignCellWithSp\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:DontVertAlignInTxbx\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:Word11KerningPairs\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:CachedColBalance\/\u003E\n  \u003C\/w:Compatibility\u003E\n  \u003Cm:mathPr\u003E\n   \u003Cm:mathFont m:val=\"Cambria Math\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:brkBin m:val=\"before\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:brkBinSub m:val=\"--\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:smallFrac m:val=\"off\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:dispDef\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:lMargin m:val=\"0\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:rMargin m:val=\"0\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:defJc m:val=\"centerGroup\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:wrapIndent m:val=\"1440\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:intLim m:val=\"subSup\"\/\u003E\n   \u003Cm:naryLim m:val=\"undOvr\"\/\u003E\n  \u003C\/m:mathPr\u003E\u003C\/w:WordDocument\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;\"\u003E\n\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Cw:LatentStyles DefLockedState=\"false\" DefUnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n  DefSemiHidden=\"true\" DefQFormat=\"false\" DefPriority=\"99\"\n  LatentStyleCount=\"267\"\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"0\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Normal\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 7\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 8\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 9\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 7\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 8\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"toc 9\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"35\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"caption\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"10\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" Name=\"Default Paragraph Font\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"11\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtitle\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"22\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Strong\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"20\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"59\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Table Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Placeholder Text\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"No Spacing\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException 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\u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; DALHOUSIE – THE CINDERELLA AMONG HILLS\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Dr. Kailash Maini \u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Dalhousie is one of the most beautiful hill-stations of\nNorthern India which is easily reachable by a regular bus service from almost\nall the major cities of Punjab. Set Iike a precious jewel among the Dhauldhars\nit has a large number of picnic spots and. is also known as a hikers paradise'\nHe who visits it once continues to be haunted by its beauty and charm forever\nin life and would love to repeat his visit at the first available opportunity. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in;\"\u003E\nCloistered among the Dhauladars\nlies the hill station of immense scenic charm, a perfect haven for nature\nlovers, an inspiration of poets, known as Dalhousie the Cinderella among hills.\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in;\"\u003E\nOne may wonder why Dalhousie is\ncompared with the legendary Cinderella. Cinderella means a woman whose\nattraction and merits have not been recognised and who has suffered a lot of\nneglect for long. Exactly the same applies to Dalhousie, which, despite being\none of the most beautiful hill stations of lndia, has not yet received the\nrecognition and attention due to it. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in;\"\u003E\nDalhousie is named after Lord\nDalhousie, the tenth Governor General of British lndia (1848-1856), who annexed\nthe whole of Punjab on March 29th, 1848 shortly after acquiring power. Situated\nat the foot of the spurs of Dhauladar range, Dalhousie is perched on five small\nhills namely, Baloon, Katholog, Tihra Patrani and Bakrota, covering an area of\nthirteen square kilometres. lt has a height of 6,628 ft: The altitude of\nBakrota hills goes above 7,500 ft. These hill also provide a beautiful walk on\na level plane through scented woods. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in;\"\u003E\nDalhousie is surrounded on all\nsides by various beautiful spots. Towards the North, one can see the\nmagnificent snow covered Pangi valley, whose Peaks soar up to 21,000 ft. above\nsea level. Pines, Cyprus, Oaks, Rhodendrons and Ferns are found in abundance in\nand around Dalhousie. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjiCSbSN76CV2vN7t7p5tq9S1odVLOqsMqvekbdFXLVTmQjVrGfjf_T0jrU4bZa-9cgumtYtFm4tJbO3fQn4SQIPpOh1aWT-P8n1o7CM58RUt2eEP4qqD1j6VCRUidXZcPf9_dBuuY7DcM\/s1600\/56.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"222\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjiCSbSN76CV2vN7t7p5tq9S1odVLOqsMqvekbdFXLVTmQjVrGfjf_T0jrU4bZa-9cgumtYtFm4tJbO3fQn4SQIPpOh1aWT-P8n1o7CM58RUt2eEP4qqD1j6VCRUidXZcPf9_dBuuY7DcM\/s320\/56.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EOnly 22 Km. from here is Khajjiar,\na natural, saucer-shaped lake, surrounded by thick Pines and many ancient\ntemples, also known as a 'mini Gulmarg' and 'mini Switzerland'. On the way to\nKhajjiar, almost about 5 Km from Lakkar Mandi is 'Kala Top' a wildlife\nsanctuary and the most fascinating picnic spot of Dalhousie. Other places worth\nvisiting are Jandri Ghat, Sat Dhara, Moti Tibba, Kamla Nehru Park and Dian\nKund. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in;\"\u003E\nCommenting at the beauty of\nDalhousie, Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru wrote thus, \" One of the finest hill\nstations in lndia is Dalhousie from the point of view of beauty, climate and\nagreeable surroundings. It is not a flashy hill station like some others and\nthere are a few diverting amusements here. For my Part, I would rather go to\nDalhousie than almost any other hill station in lndia, Kashmir apart.\"\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in;\"\u003E\nIt was his inspiration which\nattracted Feroze Gandhi to this Place a number of times. Sh. Rajiv Gandhi. a\nformer Prime Minister of lndia recalls about his father'* in one of his\ninterviews and says, \" He was fond of driving very much. I remember once.\nhe, taking me along with him, himself drove to Dalhousje. On feeling hungry, we\nstopped at a wayside dhaba and had our food. I have not forgotten that journey\ntill today.\" Perhaps, it was Pt Nehru's inspiration, which also leci Lt\nCol. Napier, the erstwhile Chief Engineer of Punjab, to explore a health resort\ncum sanatorium in Chamba hills, when he was confronted with this task. A treaty\nwas signed by Lord Dalhousie with the Raja of Chamba, and a sanatorium was\nfounded here in 1854.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ENobel laureate Rabindra Nath Tagore, the great\nPoet, visited Dalhousie in his childhood with his father in 1873. They stayed\nin Snowdon, situated at uPPer Bakrota. lt was here that he fell in love with\nnature, and got an insPiration for his masterpiece 'Geetanjali'. Expressing his\npoetical sentiments for Dalhousie in his work \"My Reminiscenes\" he\nwrites thus : \"My eyes had no rest the Iive long day, so great was my fear\nlest anything should escape them.......,., why, oh, rwhy had we to leave such\nspots behind, cried my thirsting heart, why could we not stay there forever !\".\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in;\"\u003E\nPerhaps this is why thousands of .\nBengalis throng Dalhousie every year to confirm the impressions received by\ntheir revered poet. Dalhousie is also associated with S. Ajit Singh and Subhash\nChandra Bose, the great revolutionaries of lndia. A samadhi' has been erected\nat Panj-Pula in the memory of Ajit Singh, uncle of Martyr Bhagat Singh, who\ndied there after hearing the declaration of lndependence on August 15. 1947.\n'Subhash Baoli', a natural spring of mineral water, commemorates Netaji Subhash\nChandra Bose, who went to Dalhousie in 1937 during his convalescence. During\nhis four months stay he daily visited this spring of natural water and was\ncured of his ailment by consuming the water issuing from of it.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EDalhousie's uniqueness lies in its still being\nthe least' artificialised' hill station. lt offers much to nature lovers,\nwhereas, tourists coming here for man-made beauty may find little of cosmetic\ntreatment. However, this 'uncut gem of nature', has now started witnessing\nindiscriminate felling of wood, and the salubrious climate of the place is now\nbeing negatively affected by air pollution. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEisv4j_VzWFgOlt-40Jm2ixhJQYLoondlBkb6rvJ7Ba5K-kPwDLPeBIxtYko0yMhptePMs9OEUmleJBCdnBqnW_jYkL7fdNl2b0gddVfdXE_b_2arajDnx0HVED2grppCDtKvBPX8a1HqA\/s1600\/57.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEisv4j_VzWFgOlt-40Jm2ixhJQYLoondlBkb6rvJ7Ba5K-kPwDLPeBIxtYko0yMhptePMs9OEUmleJBCdnBqnW_jYkL7fdNl2b0gddVfdXE_b_2arajDnx0HVED2grppCDtKvBPX8a1HqA\/s1600\/57.jpg\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EThe beauty of Dalhousie during\nsnow falls becomes divine and indescribable. Nature can be green in its purest\nform and the aii turns heavenly. The effect produced by the rays of the sun or\nthe noon falling on the scintillating snow becomes a visual delight, an experience\nnever to be forgotten. The charm and aura of Dalhousie is equally unmatched\nduring the monsoon period when clouds of invigorating mist and vast rainbo*s\ntake a person to another wor{d a fairyland.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eln order to enable the tourists to spend a\nvacation, Dalhousie has hctels and restaurants to s;i! everybody's pocket, and\nwhich are situated ln serene surroundings A few prominent hotels and tourist bungalows\nwhich must be mentioned here are H.P.T.D.C.'s \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Etourist bungalow 'Geetanjali'. lrctei\nGrandview, hotel Mountview. hotel Aroma-n-Clairs, hotel KinEs hatei Chanakya\nand hotel Highlano.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ERenowned educational institutions such as\nSacred Heart Convent, Top School, Dalhousie Public School and Holy Heart School\nanother asset to this hill station. Interestingly, the commercial world of \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EDalhousie, too, is predominently occupied by\nPunjabis, the trontliners being M\/s D. C. Khanna and sons the Gandotra Brothers\nthe Mahajans, the Ralhans the Puris , the Chaddas and the Anands.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in;\"\u003E\nThus, it can be said that the\nscenic charm, the magnificent backdrop of snow-clad mountains. the picnic spots\nof haunting beauty the bracing climate and lovely weather of Dalhousie, the\nleast expensive of all hill stations in the country attracts the tourists,\nespecially nature lovers. to visit it during the hot summer days. He who visits\nit once would dream of it ever afterwards. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.25in;\"\u003E\nDr. Kailash Maini \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 1.8pt;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/7147044675603531966\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/dalhousie-cinderella-among-hills.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/7147044675603531966"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/7147044675603531966"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/dalhousie-cinderella-among-hills.html","title":"DALHOUSIE – THE CINDERELLA AMONG HILLS"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjiCSbSN76CV2vN7t7p5tq9S1odVLOqsMqvekbdFXLVTmQjVrGfjf_T0jrU4bZa-9cgumtYtFm4tJbO3fQn4SQIPpOh1aWT-P8n1o7CM58RUt2eEP4qqD1j6VCRUidXZcPf9_dBuuY7DcM\/s72-c\/56.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-7123568579086287304"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-03T00:09:00.006-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:55:40.524-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"JAMMU THE CITY OF TEMPLES"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" 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Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nJAMMU THE CITY OF TEMPLES\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nJammu has an impressive array of temples, three hundred and\nten of them having been built within the municipal limits of this holy city of\n90 square kms. only. This vast sanctuary of temples attracts pilgrims in large\nnumbers when they flock here, at the foot of the Shivalik hills, to start their\nupward climb to the famous temple of Vaishno Devi, MRS. KAUSHLA, a Ph. D.\nresearch scholar, along with MR. RAVINDER SINGH, trace for our readers the\nbeginnings of this holy city, which came to be founded by chance and also the\nfact of how different temples came to be raised here from time to time.\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nTucked away in the foothills of the Himalyas, with the\npicturesque river Tawi flowing along side, stands the land that Raja Jambu\nLochan discovered one day while he was hunting in these areas. Legend has it\nthat he suddenly came upon a clearing where he saw a sight that left him\nspeechless. A tiger and a goat stood side by side drinking water from the same\nplace on the bank of Tawi river. He was so struck by this unusual sight that he\ndecided to build a city on this soil where no living creature seemed to bear\nany enmity towards the other.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EToday, as if in testimony\nof that purity and sanctity, the city of Jammu is popularly known as the 'City\nof Temples'. Innumerable temples and shrines with glittering spires soar into\nthe sky like so many caretakers of the city, creating the ambience of a truly\nholy place. The entire Jammu City abounds in the religious wealth in the form\nof temples dedicated to various sects of Hinduism. Gulabnama and Raj Darshani,\nthe two principle chronicles related to Jammu, assert that the Jammu kingdom\nwas founded by Raja Jambu Lochan nearly 3000 years ago. Thus, the town of Jammu\nhas got its name from Jambu Lochan which he is said to have founded as the\nadministrative headquarters of his principality.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe Dogras of Jammu\nby nature have always been honest, brave and religious people, most of them\nbeing worshippers of Shiv as well as Shakti. Maharaja Gulab Singh and Ranbir\nSingh were very religious persons and therefore constructed many temples of\nShiva, Vishnu, Raghunath and other shrines in Jammu and Kasnmir. The tradition\nset by these rulers was followed by some subjects also. Hence with the passage\nof time, Jammu city came to be dotted with numerous big and small temples to\nsuch an extent that like Kashi and Ayodhaya, the Jammu city has.also come to\nearn the appellation of the 'City of Temples'. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA beautiful temple town approximately of 90 sq. kmts. Jammu is\ninhabited by the people of various castes, creeds and religious groups. ln\nspite of its heterogeneous social and cultural agglomeration there is a great\nunity in its diversity.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThis temple town nestling at the foothills of the Himalayas\nis adorned by the beautiful, brave, courageous and hardworking people having a\ndeep faith in religion and in the existence of supernatural powers. lts unique composition.\nlocation and character all make it a rich cultural centre also. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiDlcZpsHyxvIzfvqb2kMlVKIXkt7_UYPEjkhsWfg0zaIKL4cn42ilkPpamX_3sys6YMx8BAcqMkkUSV2V0eG5RWVgBxKIcdEZKqJRxiFWFO_SNv3klyxQJdMS9btMljqgQ51WzHxKo3MQ\/s1600\/52.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"246\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiDlcZpsHyxvIzfvqb2kMlVKIXkt7_UYPEjkhsWfg0zaIKL4cn42ilkPpamX_3sys6YMx8BAcqMkkUSV2V0eG5RWVgBxKIcdEZKqJRxiFWFO_SNv3klyxQJdMS9btMljqgQ51WzHxKo3MQ\/s320\/52.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EAmongst he temples in the city, the Raghunath Mandir takes a\nplace of pride for being situated right in the heart of Jammu. lt was constructed\nin 1 857 AD and has the largest cluster of temples in north lndia. The inner\nsanctums of the temples contain some gigantic images of gods and goddesses and\nnumerous Shiv Lingams. lt contains almost the entire pantheon, of gods and\ngoddesses, which makes it a rare sight to see. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe famous temple of 'Bawey Wali Mata' is inside the Bahu Fort,\nwhere every Tuesday and Sunday, pilgrims throng in large numbers and jostle\nwith each other for their turn to worship the Goddess. On the hill-op opposite\nthe Bahu Fort, is a lonely spot over looking the river Tawi, where a temple dedicated\nto Mahamaya has been constructed. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe Pirkho cave temple overlooking the Tawi river, the Panch\nBakhtar temple and Ranbireshwar are the other well-known Shiva temples in\nJammu. Each has its own legend, its particular devo_ tees and specific days of\nworship. ln Ranbireshwar temple there are 12 Shiva 'Lingams, of crystal 12 inches\nto 18 inches in height and the galleries of thousands of 'Saligrams' are placed\non stone slabs.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nIt is said that 'Bawey Wali Mata' is the presiding deity of Jammu\nwho protects its people from mishap and evil spirits. People visit this temple trusting\nthat their prayer and worship in th6 temple would lead to the fulfillment of\ntheir desires.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA very large number of temples with commanding and im_ posing\nlooks have been built by the Raja himself, whereas some temples have been built\nby his queens and few others are raised by their subjects. During the Dogra\nrule also many temples were built all over the city. These\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\ntemples are constructed by the local people and are dedicated\nto Mahalaxmi, Raghunathji-Gandharvji, Hanuman, Narayan, Shiv and Shakti, Radha\nKrishan and a host of deities.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none none double; border-width: medium medium 2.25pt; padding: 0in 0in 1pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"border: medium none; padding: 0in;\"\u003E\nThere are 310 within the\nmunicipal limits of Jammu city. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"border: medium none; padding: 0in;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi9vLLvLBHPG1qfXrimsiVZ6gFwRUYVnfRHKpdZY6somWzauFFLagHJkQ3GiHo2EPgVB4q0j7BVL8wY2BqJ1-oetKR1ivrOrhJQiQbwXzGZJ3NFWZAAYf-PgXHOtYFkJzneKRfDzFvA744\/s1600\/53.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi9vLLvLBHPG1qfXrimsiVZ6gFwRUYVnfRHKpdZY6somWzauFFLagHJkQ3GiHo2EPgVB4q0j7BVL8wY2BqJ1-oetKR1ivrOrhJQiQbwXzGZJ3NFWZAAYf-PgXHOtYFkJzneKRfDzFvA744\/s320\/53.jpg\" width=\"173\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EThe constructions of temples\nseems to be an ongoing activity here. But it is an unfailing pointer to the\ncontinued religious evolution of the people their ever growing cultural awareness\nand their expanding social richness and development. Thus \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ethese temples are not mass of stones, but a\ndeep faith of the people in the divine faith that rule us. -Kaushala and\nRavinder Singh\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe temple spires piercing the skyline of Jammu, appear like\nnumerous fingers pointing to one God.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nAn artist's view of the sight that Raja Jambu Lochan saw a\ntiger and a giat lapping water from the same spot on the river Tawi. lt\ntriggered a vision in him to found a city on this sacred land, which was later\nnamed after him.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/7123568579086287304\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/jammu-city-of-temples.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/7123568579086287304"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/7123568579086287304"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/jammu-city-of-temples.html","title":"JAMMU THE CITY OF 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Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  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Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nHOW TO HAVE A GLOWING SKIN \u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nDr. Gurinderjit Singh \u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nYour face is your fortune and you are largely dependent on a\nsmooth, unblemished and healthy facial skin. Beauty may therefore be only skin-deep?\nand even if you have symmetrical features and a fair complexion, you cease to\nbe attractive and charming if your facial \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Epatches pimples wrinkles or freckles\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eor is loose and sagging: Dr. Gurinderjit Singh,\na famed dermatologist discuses here various kinds of common skin ailments and gives\nvery practical suggestions, both preventive and curative.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EA healthy skin is a\nsource of pleasure not only to its holder but to its beholder also. We are all\nborn with soft, smooth and flawless skin but as time passes and we grow older,\nthe skin ages like the other organs of the body, only much earlier than others,\nas it is exposed to many environmental factors. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nWith the onset of puberty, the skin which behaved so well,\nstarts giving troubles of different shades and hues. The hormonal activity in\nthe body affects the oil glands regulating in excessive oil secretions. This\ngives rise to blackheads and acne (pimples). The teenagers should learn to\nfollow an appropriate cleansing routine, to keep the pores free of clogging\ngrease. When acne is present, professional advice should be sought well in\ntime, so that the condition does not get out of control. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nDuring the twenties and thirties, the skin is at its best,\nunless it has been badly neglected earlier. Basic skin care during this time\nshould be geared towards its proper maintenance, so that the skin does not acquire\nthe signs of premature aging . Daily moisturization is the most important part\nof skin care when the skin begins to lose its capacity to hold moisture. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe skin that has had regular care will not show its age\neven at forty. However, this is the time when most people neglect their skin\nand develop crows feet (lateral to the eyes) and a maze of laughter lines. Loss\nof elasticity and dryness are the main problems of a mature skin. poor blood circulation\ncan also cause deterioration in skin colour and tone. Cellular buildup is yet\nanother problem making the skin thick and coarse. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nln order to keep skin healthy, the following factors need to\nbe observed:-\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nDiet : lt should be balanced. The daily diet should contain\nliberal helpings of green vegetables and fruits, milk and its products, fish\nand eggs. Concentrated starchy food should be avoided. Spices, condiments, tea,\ncoffee and alcohol should be cut down to the minimum. Occasional fasting is\ngood. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003EFresh-Cool Air :\u003C\/b\u003E\nExercise anci mild sun are potent natural skin restorers, but the strong sun\nshould be \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eavoided as it produces\ndegenerative changes in the skin. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003EClothing \u003C\/b\u003E:\nNeither the clothing nor the footwear should contain sensitizers. Very\ntight-fitting and nylon clothes should be avoided especially in summer as they\ninterfere with the absorption and evaporation of sweat. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003EBathing :\u003C\/b\u003E Daily\nbathing with cool water is essential in sumrner. ln cold weather, one should\nbathe in warm water as often as possible. A hot bath followed by a cold one is\nslimulating to the skin and the vital skin organs. To begin with the difference\nof temperature between the two baths should not be great but in the course of\ntime, as a person gets used to, he will enjoy such baths with benefit. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003ESoap:\u003C\/b\u003E A simple\nleast alkaline soap should be used. people with a greasy skin need more soap\nthan those with a dry skin. Soaps can however lead to allergic reactions\ncausing itching, soreness and possibly a rash. Medicated soapS should be used\nonly if they are prescribed by a dermatologist. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003EOil:\u003C\/b\u003E Soap dries\nout the skin, stripping it of its protective sebum and making it taut. After a\nbath one feels more comfortable when one applies a moisturizer to re-lubricate\nthe skin. Men often have oilier skin and can use a lighter moisturizer,\nwhereas, women may need an all-over moisturizer or olive oil massage, Cosmetics\n: Today there is such a vast and bewildering array of cosmetics that it can be\ndifficult\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eto choose what to use. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003EMake-up\u003C\/b\u003E should\nalways be applied on a clean skin and moisturizer should be used if the skin is\nIry lf the skin is sensitive, hypo-allergic cosmetics should be used.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003ERemoving make-up\u003C\/b\u003E\nat night is essential and helps the skin-to breathe. Cleansing lotions and creams\nare more efficient than soaps for removing make ups. Astringents and toning\nlotions remove traces of cleansing lotions and excess oil.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003ERight Thoughts and\nEmotions:\u003C\/b\u003E \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ESome skin eruptions,\nitching and other dise\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhTSa67WvkWyBf6uLfliydXngFZFfP4Vns1QxLLRJnktLUYRjfeA5sG2g_Md0vemmPtReSJ8fAjFPrBXGapsMKyF86cG3ipTwECcuz75iISg2RklGNBXt-YD2351huhw0UTYbIRefRJm34\/s1600\/66.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"247\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhTSa67WvkWyBf6uLfliydXngFZFfP4Vns1QxLLRJnktLUYRjfeA5sG2g_Md0vemmPtReSJ8fAjFPrBXGapsMKyF86cG3ipTwECcuz75iISg2RklGNBXt-YD2351huhw0UTYbIRefRJm34\/s320\/66.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\nases may be caused due to mental or emotional stresses\nand strains. The human skin can therefore, also be regarded as a true mirror of\nthe internal ,state, of an individual, reflecting the conditions of the heart,\nbrain, stomach, blood as well as the emotions. Therefore see situation. Switch\nover to lighter moods by keeping in mind the-great mood swinging words ,This too\nwill pass away. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003EAgeing Skin ! What to\ndo\u003C\/b\u003E ? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nMost people aspire to retard and counteract ageing by various\nmeans. Ageing skin frequently develops patches of peculiar pigmentation. Flat\nbrown spots (lentigos) that look like large freckles are the result of skin\nmaturation.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nCollagen fibres can be injected to fill out prominent and\nfine wrinkles. ln the hands of a skilled dermatologist the procedure is simple.\nResults are not permanent as the collagen is absorbed by the body over a period\nof 6 to 18 months.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPlastic surgery can remove flabby skin on the neck and \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eon the forehead, but it cannot completely\neradicate deep furrows between nose and mouth. The effects of a facelift be\nexcellent, but they are not permanent, on the average they last r five to seven\nyears. Blepheroplasty. plastic surgery to remove folds of skin over and bags under\nthe eyes, is also very successful and the effects are often permanent.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/6985446193291913048\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/how-to-have-glowing-skin.html#comment-form","title":"19 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/6985446193291913048"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/6985446193291913048"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/how-to-have-glowing-skin.html","title":"HOW TO HAVE A GLOWING SKIN "}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhTSa67WvkWyBf6uLfliydXngFZFfP4Vns1QxLLRJnktLUYRjfeA5sG2g_Md0vemmPtReSJ8fAjFPrBXGapsMKyF86cG3ipTwECcuz75iISg2RklGNBXt-YD2351huhw0UTYbIRefRJm34\/s72-c\/66.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"19"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-1553217191983683073"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-03T00:23:00.000-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:54:01.564-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"MISUSE OF WOMEN IN ADVERTISING"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Cw:WordDocument\u003E\n  \u003Cw:View\u003ENormal\u003C\/w:View\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Zoom\u003E0\u003C\/w:Zoom\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackMoves\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackFormatting\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:PunctuationKerning\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:ValidateAgainstSchemas\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003E\n  \u003Cw:IgnoreMixedContent\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:IgnoreMixedContent\u003E\n  \u003Cw:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003E\n  \u003Cw:DoNotPromoteQF\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeOther\u003EEN-US\u003C\/w:LidThemeOther\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeAsian\u003EX-NONE\u003C\/w:LidThemeAsian\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeComplexScript\u003EX-NONE\u003C\/w:LidThemeComplexScript\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Compatibility\u003E\n   \u003Cw:BreakWrappedTables\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:SnapToGridInCell\/\u003E\n   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\u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"59\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Table Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Placeholder Text\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"No Spacing\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Revision\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nMISUSE OF WOMEN IN ADVERTISING\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EDr. S. S. Dosanjh\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nBoccacio the famous Italian writer once said, \"This\nworld belongs to men but then men belong to women.\"\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Elt is a well proven and well established fact\nthat men who seem to be rulers of the world are actually ruled even though\nunconsciously sometimes ,by women.Manufacturers and their advertisers have\ncaught hold of this fact and they make use of female sex appeal to sell their\nwares of every kind. Women models are shown in various poses and positions\nsometimes curved like blade to cut and conquer the male heart. And to allure\nhim to buy any article. lt is seen sometimes even a worthless thing, with\nhardly Any practical use, is sold quickly and in large quantities if it, is\nrecommended by a bewitching beauty in a dress which reveals more than it\nconceals in a catchy advertisement. S.S. DOSANJ\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003Ein this article criticizes the exploitation of female sex-appeal by the manufacturers\nto persuade men to buy their goods.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEitALH51ow5IHWIN5yEFRBQMKcuFo34Lx6PpIWDhkNYy7kCH8eIdtIShLTCLxfTbv7Q0V6WL1Bc-JHjqjdoZxXfKr34fg-gjOF3KF_oDJXX927ejLM4B951ChyphenhyphenmtVVnDpM-e23E52IlIVs\/s1600\/72.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEitALH51ow5IHWIN5yEFRBQMKcuFo34Lx6PpIWDhkNYy7kCH8eIdtIShLTCLxfTbv7Q0V6WL1Bc-JHjqjdoZxXfKr34fg-gjOF3KF_oDJXX927ejLM4B951ChyphenhyphenmtVVnDpM-e23E52IlIVs\/s320\/72.jpg\" width=\"309\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EAdvertising has\nacquired powerful role in the twentieth century world. Advertising includes\nthose activities by which visual, oral or written messages are addressed to the\npublic for the purpose of influencing it either to buy goods or to mould its\nopinion in favour of certain items, ideas, institutions or per sons. The power\nof advertising is so great that it can persuade the people to do what, some\ntimes, they don’t want to do. It can create a demand and can sell goods which\nare not necessities of life. lt can lure people to buy luxury goods at the cost\nof their \u003Cspan style=\"color: red;\"\u003Ebasic needs.\u003C\/span\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nBefore the industrial revolution when goods were produced on\ndemand and to meet the needs of local and known consumer advertising had a\ntitle role to play. The industrial revolution \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eresulted in mass production . Because of the\nmass production and \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ecompetition\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ein the market it became imperative for the\nproducers to inform educate and persuade the consumers to buy their products.\nlt could be for the producers to inform done through advertising only.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe growth of\nadvertising in India has been quite phenomenal in the last two decades. A large\nnumber of advertising agencies have come up during this period. Today\nadvertising in itself has become an industry. Generally the advertiser prefers to\nuse the appeal that will be effective with the majority of his prospective\nbuyers. Some of the important appeals \" used by advertisers are comfort,\nfear, pleasure, appetite and sex. The last appeal has been widely used by the\nadvertisers to attract the attention of the people and to boost the sale of\ntheir products. Basically, the idea behind employing the female models in\nadvertisements is to take advantage of the sex appeal for attracting the attention\nof the potential buyers. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhLzGC2dLsPSudD7wIhjsF0BcIQGnEDWrh_3Qm5JNoj7AGnZACmwH_AVvmUJL58C7maU6wUNGuehxanvLRi8mP6w2eVRSEFdX7TNY8ZXS4LTSPgUTMTYb80Q-nbel_xqUELNAqFDCMgZqs\/s1600\/73b.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"304\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhLzGC2dLsPSudD7wIhjsF0BcIQGnEDWrh_3Qm5JNoj7AGnZACmwH_AVvmUJL58C7maU6wUNGuehxanvLRi8mP6w2eVRSEFdX7TNY8ZXS4LTSPgUTMTYb80Q-nbel_xqUELNAqFDCMgZqs\/s320\/73b.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EThe use of young female models with mystery and al lure\nattached to sqx appeal, in eye-catching visuals, is the most tempting bait that\nadvertiser \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ehave resorted to. See any\nmagazine and you will be greeted with an assortment of dazzling faces, flashing\nsmiles, alluring curves and breathtaking captions, promoting various products.\nBeautiful female forms are spread over ihe advertisements in different stages\nof undress or suggestive poses to sell all kinds of products. The moral\nstandards of the people being what they are, advertising has come to be known\nas a \"pretty girl\" industry. ln all most all the advertisements .for\ndifferent bathing soaps a young woman’s body is exposed. Various cold drinks\nare being advertised by seminude girls at their sexiest. The purpose is to\ncatch the attention of the public and force them to look at the product brand. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe use of sex appeal in advertisements is hardly new, what\nis new is the intensity of such appeals and the increasing number and the\nvariety of products being marketed with sexual overtones. The advertisements\nappearing in the print media with young women as models tend to convey that new\ngeneration women, in plenty, are available for such a purpose. lt is not just\nthe products with direct utility to women which project this attitude but even articles\nessentially for the use of men also make great use of this trend.\nAdvertisements for men’s products like suitings, shirtings, shaving blades,\naftershave lotions have consistently used women models as props hinting that a brand\nconscious man can fave his pick of a beautiful womans recommendations. lt is\nnot uncommon to see a girl cuddling up suggestively to a man while he with emphasized\nmasculine arrogance, smokes a :particularly \"\"n3; launts a shirtin\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjG6AjydMxMMtsAPC7G7eIopbvHgylvtGEkuUi7GPh0-LsTV0kNcQYyXIOp-6y11u8g727ZA_fM1MUWqZXcpmqvPg1yBV2Zy5jptChGqKChtiZD0MToBC2l2yEmZsFRxdvDbrZo7ZvgffY\/s1600\/73.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjG6AjydMxMMtsAPC7G7eIopbvHgylvtGEkuUi7GPh0-LsTV0kNcQYyXIOp-6y11u8g727ZA_fM1MUWqZXcpmqvPg1yBV2Zy5jptChGqKChtiZD0MToBC2l2yEmZsFRxdvDbrZo7ZvgffY\/s320\/73.jpg\" width=\"277\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\ng-suitings\nof r particular brand name. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe reasons for employing women as models in advertisements could\nbe to gain product recognition \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eand to\npromote sales. lt is believed that in a sex starved society like ours a significantly\ngreater number of brand names can be re called when a female model is depicted\nin a charming pose in an advertisement. Sex illustrations can arouse such an\ninterest that the reader is forced to look at the product brand. lt fulfils the\nprimary function of advertisement which is, catching the attention of the\npotential buyers. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nln a capitalist society individuals are reduced to a commodity.\nPeople like products, serve a certain purpose and so have a certain price.\nWomen are worst hit by this approach. But now when it is faced with a staggering\neconomic crisis it has very subtly used women to sell its commodities. Their physical\ncharms have been exploited to the extreme.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiA9jntnOYCtXPNg_7RKduJJkM7k9Eieom0elLYf4VDbj26synDtvaCElgt_5FEM6IJTTpPhYigI6w8_hCaD1S-dIub8em1M4uBBHBiiIOn75Kj39JfJ7Rw_1cVAFc-Djzgms4T6h02dvA\/s1600\/73c.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiA9jntnOYCtXPNg_7RKduJJkM7k9Eieom0elLYf4VDbj26synDtvaCElgt_5FEM6IJTTpPhYigI6w8_hCaD1S-dIub8em1M4uBBHBiiIOn75Kj39JfJ7Rw_1cVAFc-Djzgms4T6h02dvA\/s320\/73c.jpg\" width=\"194\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EWomen in this society\ndo not hold any more importance than that of beautiful and attractive tools,\neffectively used in the sale promotion of a product. The economic crisis drives\nthe producers, manufacturers or distributors to use such means to promote their\nsale and profit for surviving the market competition.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThere are surely other\nways also to attract attention.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/1553217191983683073\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/misuse-of-women-in-advertising.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/1553217191983683073"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/1553217191983683073"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/misuse-of-women-in-advertising.html","title":"MISUSE OF WOMEN IN ADVERTISING"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEitALH51ow5IHWIN5yEFRBQMKcuFo34Lx6PpIWDhkNYy7kCH8eIdtIShLTCLxfTbv7Q0V6WL1Bc-JHjqjdoZxXfKr34fg-gjOF3KF_oDJXX927ejLM4B951ChyphenhyphenmtVVnDpM-e23E52IlIVs\/s72-c\/72.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-3213934166267813928"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-03T00:39:00.003-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:53:44.739-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"A RARE PAINTING OF GURU GOBIND SINGH"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Cw:WordDocument\u003E\n  \u003Cw:View\u003ENormal\u003C\/w:View\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Zoom\u003E0\u003C\/w:Zoom\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackMoves\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackFormatting\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:PunctuationKerning\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:ValidateAgainstSchemas\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003E\n  \u003Cw:IgnoreMixedContent\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:IgnoreMixedContent\u003E\n  \u003Cw:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003E\n  \u003Cw:DoNotPromoteQF\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeOther\u003EEN-US\u003C\/w:LidThemeOther\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeAsian\u003EX-NONE\u003C\/w:LidThemeAsian\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeComplexScript\u003EX-NONE\u003C\/w:LidThemeComplexScript\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Compatibility\u003E\n   \u003Cw:BreakWrappedTables\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:SnapToGridInCell\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:WrapTextWithPunct\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:UseAsianBreakRules\/\u003E\n   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Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EA RARE PAINTING OF GURU GOBIND SINGH\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEijmtWRLC8OvEfDBlmaXLjX_RCV4zporZXZP17GOILh05AFrjgw5xTSCnqphl2zk0szY2xJBCYN6c9goJcRTvqGpO4GjYr1Fel8LSBBb-oHzaOAZ93L9p6wNqGA8NKae-Mit57dBKfsTls\/s1600\/Guru+Nanak_0003.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEijmtWRLC8OvEfDBlmaXLjX_RCV4zporZXZP17GOILh05AFrjgw5xTSCnqphl2zk0szY2xJBCYN6c9goJcRTvqGpO4GjYr1Fel8LSBBb-oHzaOAZ93L9p6wNqGA8NKae-Mit57dBKfsTls\/s400\/Guru+Nanak_0003.jpg\" width=\"285\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003ERandhir Singh Goraya from Aurangabad, Maharashtra, has sent the\nphotograph of a painting of Guru Gobind Singh which is claimed to have been\nPainted bY a contemporary artist. The painting is preservedat M. Kaushalya\nPurwar Museum (M.K.P.M.), Aurangabad. MKPM being run by some Private body has a\nrich collection of coins, medals and seals, Stone Age tools, arms and armour,\nbeads, sculptures, Paintings, manuscripts, textiles' gems and jewellery and\nfossils. Several valuables and rare artifacts are preserved there. The headgear\nof Guru Sahib in this painting is quite curious.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/3213934166267813928\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/a-rare-painting-of-guru-gobind-singh.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/3213934166267813928"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/3213934166267813928"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/a-rare-painting-of-guru-gobind-singh.html","title":"A RARE PAINTING OF GURU GOBIND SINGH"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEijmtWRLC8OvEfDBlmaXLjX_RCV4zporZXZP17GOILh05AFrjgw5xTSCnqphl2zk0szY2xJBCYN6c9goJcRTvqGpO4GjYr1Fel8LSBBb-oHzaOAZ93L9p6wNqGA8NKae-Mit57dBKfsTls\/s72-c\/Guru+Nanak_0003.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-3539018678190800988"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-03T00:42:00.004-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:53:27.978-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Dilenma of fie Puniabi Film Heroes  "},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Cw:WordDocument\u003E\n  \u003Cw:View\u003ENormal\u003C\/w:View\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Zoom\u003E0\u003C\/w:Zoom\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackMoves\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackFormatting\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:PunctuationKerning\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:ValidateAgainstSchemas\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003E\n  \u003Cw:IgnoreMixedContent\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:IgnoreMixedContent\u003E\n  \u003Cw:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003E\n  \u003Cw:DoNotPromoteQF\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeOther\u003EEN-US\u003C\/w:LidThemeOther\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeAsian\u003EX-NONE\u003C\/w:LidThemeAsian\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeComplexScript\u003EX-NONE\u003C\/w:LidThemeComplexScript\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Compatibility\u003E\n   \u003Cw:BreakWrappedTables\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:SnapToGridInCell\/\u003E\n   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SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Revision\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe Dilenma of fie Puniabi Film Heroes \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nSurinder Malhi \u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA dominant majority of the he roles of films made in Bollywood\nhails from the Punjab, yet it is amazing to find that not a single hero of the Punjabi\nfilms has ever graduated into Hindi films to Play a real stellar role there. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ESurinder Malhi in this article pinpoints the\ndilemma faced by the Punjabi film heroes and lays blame on a number of important\ncause for this neglect and negativisim. He gives us here an enlighting peep\ninto this Problem and also its solution.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nAlmost every cinema buff ungrudgingly accepts the fact that\na predominant majority of heroes of Hindi films hail from Punjab. year after\nyear and generation after generation, the Punjabis have consistently served in\nstellar roles in films from Bollywood the Mecca of the Indian film world.\nPossessing a pleasing look, a magnetic personality and a rich acting potential,\nthese actors have always straddled the Indian film scene like a colossus. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nNot withstanding this invincible position of Punjabi actors,\nit is rather discomforting to realize that the regional heroes of Punjabi films\nare now just being dismissed as Lilliputians who are unable to achieve any\ndistinctive position in histrionics the art of acting. This hapless fate of the\nleading men of Punjabi cinema can further be understood by the fact that while\nthe other regional heroes like Venktesh, Rajani Kant and Chiranjeevi are now being\nwoven in the vast texture of the Indian cinema, the Punjabi heroes stand not\nonly disgracefully isolated but are also being labeled as \"dummy\nartiste\". \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nApart from being declared as incompetent actors, the heroes of\nPunjabi cinema are also suffering the ignominy of being branded as\n\"disloyal\" to their regional films. Those who advocate this Point of view\nemphatically claim that while the southern stars enter the Bombay film world\nvia their outstanding performance in their regional films and consistently\nremain loyal to them, our Punjabi stars tend to overlook their own films once\nthey chance to migrate to the more alluring pastures of the Hindi movies. This\nPhenomenon has been existing ever since the Punjabi films came into inception\nand has gradually led to the decline and erosion of their genuine talent also.\nlt is sometimes felt that for this sorry state of affairs, the Punjabi heroes\ntoo are Partly responsible. For example, Pran started his career with a bang as\na hero of the Punjabi film Yamla Jat (1945) and soon became an out standing\ncrook of Hindi films. Again, Prem Chopra got his break in the glamorous world\nthrough a Punjabi iitm Sapni (1966). But instead of consolidating his position\nas a hero in the regional films, he preferred to act out villainy in Hindi\nfilms. Not to be left behind was Daljit (the most popular hero of Punjabi films\nproduced between the sixties and the seventies) who discarded his regional\ncinema and leaPedJorward [o become a stunt hero of C grade Hindi films like Shahi\nChor, Laila, Awara Shehzadi, Passing Show and Taj Aur Talwar. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nNevertheless, whenever these stars who had switched over to\nIndian films tried to act in regional films, the audience liked them and welcomed\nthem enthusiastically For example, Dara Singh started his career as a stunt\nhero of Dev Sharmas King Kong and his introduction as a muscle man led to many silver\njubilee hits but his stereotyped roles failed to fetch any critical acclamation\nfor him. On the contrary, in his first Punjabi film Nanak Dukhiya Sabh Sansar \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E(1970), he displayed his full potential of\nacting and also upgraded the popularity of Punjabi heroes ln a similar vein,\nRaj Babbars Performance in Chann Pardesi, Madhi Da Deeva and Naseebo brought raving\nreviews for him and also enhanced the prestige of Punjabi films \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nBut the ticklish question is why did the other Punjabi stars\nfail to let any national or international recognition ? The key to this\nquestion is hidden in the fact that the Punjabi films do not offer much scope\nfor any artiste to establish his versatility. Hanging loosely on the threads of\na meandering scriPt, these films generally offer an unadulterated amalgamation\nof comedy, action, romance and melodrama. While analysing the prevailing conceptual\ntrends of Punjabi films, it becomes self-evident that it is invariably a crude\ntype of comedy that has dominated the thematic base of these films. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nObviously, this compulsive fashion of eulogising the art of\nbuffoonery has always resulted in the glorification of only the comic at the cost\nof all other significant emotions present in a balanced movie. Thus, in the\nsixties and the seventies, comedians like Majnu (Kaude Shah) Kharaiti (Do\nLachhian, Pind Di Kudi Shaunkan Mele Di) and Gopal Sehgal (Lajo, Geet Baharan\nDe), got more footage than the then leading heroes like Daljit and Ravinder Kapoor.\nAgain, in the films like Sat Saalian, Pardesi Dhola, the role of a hero was\ndefined essentially in comic overtones. Not satisfied with this\nhero-cum-comedian concept of -the protagonist, the Punjabi iitm makers went\nahead to promote the comedians as heroes. For this reason, Gopal Sehgal(Mama\nJi) and I. S. Johar (Chadian Di Doli) appeared in the main roles. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgpewaHh1kah_wmXACRAHsYrafEKqS734wg2euP8Bz2ybcL3uZFSVplXe0E3SK6pwyAKo95jjJObJnkgslR6DDzajW7PkY7g_MjfwE9stwsPgIvSkdktcvyY8ewWZ66cN8y7KPMbXLFC3E\/s1600\/68.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgpewaHh1kah_wmXACRAHsYrafEKqS734wg2euP8Bz2ybcL3uZFSVplXe0E3SK6pwyAKo95jjJObJnkgslR6DDzajW7PkY7g_MjfwE9stwsPgIvSkdktcvyY8ewWZ66cN8y7KPMbXLFC3E\/s320\/68.jpg\" width=\"215\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EThis incessant onslaught by the comic element continued even\nduring the 80s and 90s with the only exception that the old kings of laughter\nwere replaced by the new gods of mimicry. Hence the performance of several\ntalented artistes like Dara Singh (Mele Mittran De), Sunil Datt (Man .Jeete Jag\nJeet), Virendra (Sarpanch, Subedarni), Dheeraj Kumar (Patola), Satish Kaul and Navin\nNischal paled into insignificance before the overshadowing roles of the comedians\nlike Mehar Mittal and Atro Chatro. Besides, the ever-growing concept of Jokar as\na Hero remained unchanged because Mehar Mittal came to snatch and wear the\ncrown of the hero in films like Maa Da Laadla and Do Madari. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThat Mehar Mittal was regarded as the only spring-board of Punjabi\nfilms can be understood from the fact that even J. Om Parkash the veteran\nproducer-director of Hindi films was coerced by his distributors to minimise\nthe role cf Navin Nischal, the hero, and to give more footage to Mehar Mittal in\nAasra Pyar Da. Embittered by his first experience in the arena of Punjabi movies,\nJ. Om Parkash left\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ehis regional cinema\nforever. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nln a curious reversal of roles, the contemporary Punjabi\ncinema is now replacing the comedians by the action heroes. Taking inspiration\nfrom Pakistani Punjabi films, these films glorify the stuntmanship of their\nprotagonists. So, gradually the comedians are receding into the background and their\nplace is now being occupied by the action heroes like Gugu Gilt (Jat JeunaMaur),\nyograj Singh (lnsaaf Punjab Da) and Sukhjinder Shera (Pagdi Sambhal Jatta).\nConsequently, the contemporary heroes of Punjabi film now participate in such daring\naction scenes in which gun totting ruffians, with their frequent exchange of\nfire, galloping horses, running over dangerous terrains and engaging themselves\nin violent encounters constitute the main backdrop. Since such type of roles\nlack variety and complexity, these heroes have so far failed to land any\nconvincing or classical dimensions tc their performance. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nTo make things worse, a third category of singing stars has now\nsuddenly burst upon the cloudy horizon of Punjabi films. According to this\ntrend, several popular folk singers are now entering the arena of acting. Thus\nfor example, Gurdas Mann (Mamla Garbar Hai, Kachehari, Partigya), Malkiat Singh\n(Mehandi Shagna Di)are leading the cast of so many Punjabi films while other\nperformers l\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eaudience but,\nlacking as they do in the art of histrionics, they have ever failed to enhance\nthe prestige of a Punjabi hero. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nike Hans Raj Hans (Mehqndi Shagna Di), Sardul Sikandar (Vaisakhi),\nMohammad Sadiq (Saida Jogan) and Surinder Chhinda (Veerta) are appearing in pivotal\nroles. On the basis of their popularity, these star singers initially did create-to\nme interest among the\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nRealising that there is no true hero or a real superstar in Punjabi\nfilms, the Hindi film makers are treating these Friday Nights stars with\nindifference and casualness. Hence, sidelining their regular heros, Punjabi\nfilm producers are now promoting themselves also as the leading men in their films\nlike Kulli yaar Di (Buta Singh Shaad), Pagdi Sambhal Jatta (Sukhjinder Shera),\nKaran Mann (Ankheela Soorma). Apparently, the already existing position of the\nPunjabi heroes appears now to be more deplorable and vulnerable and day by day\nit is receiving a severe setback. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhmLRBCQA872lEEZXp8NX0-fdTaFSSRj3yqqxtLQQrFsLgCQT871u2rpgL9I5dRldZ4UpGNAT_aLwG6iu1ZvTUs7kgF3Cs7WI2-dTmr8GYzY4m0kH6mTYSL8y5CYjMnqLOkCDZ29Rc3sBQ\/s1600\/69a.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"236\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhmLRBCQA872lEEZXp8NX0-fdTaFSSRj3yqqxtLQQrFsLgCQT871u2rpgL9I5dRldZ4UpGNAT_aLwG6iu1ZvTUs7kgF3Cs7WI2-dTmr8GYzY4m0kH6mTYSL8y5CYjMnqLOkCDZ29Rc3sBQ\/s320\/69a.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EAs not much effort and intelligence have been bestowed on the\nfact of grooming the really credible Punjabi film heroes, they have been so far\ndenied their legitimate place in the domain of Hindi films also. This position\ncould have been theirs if they had earned, firstly. their true credentials by\nbeing fine and effective heroes in their own initial medium the Punjabi films.\nHw apt in this regard is the advice contained in the proverb which says -\u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Egharon jaiye kha kay te agoan milan paka kay.\u003C\/i\u003E\n(lf you go out of your house after appeasing your hunger, you will find people\nwelcoming you everywhere with many food delicacies and preparations)\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/3539018678190800988\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/the-dilenma-of-fie-puniabi-film-heroes.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/3539018678190800988"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/3539018678190800988"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/the-dilenma-of-fie-puniabi-film-heroes.html","title":"The Dilenma of fie Puniabi Film Heroes  "}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgpewaHh1kah_wmXACRAHsYrafEKqS734wg2euP8Bz2ybcL3uZFSVplXe0E3SK6pwyAKo95jjJObJnkgslR6DDzajW7PkY7g_MjfwE9stwsPgIvSkdktcvyY8ewWZ66cN8y7KPMbXLFC3E\/s72-c\/68.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-1781714721062037507"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-03T05:17:00.001-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:52:49.297-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"THE HISTORICAL GARDENS OF PUNJAB "},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003ETHE\nHISTORICAL GARDENS OF PUNJAB \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EOur Precious\nGreen Heritage \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eby Dr.\nNaresh \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThat parks\nand gardens are the lungs of a nation was never more true as it is today when\nwe find man made pollutions on most extensive scale are threatening our health\nand endangering life on every shape and form. In this article Dr. Naresh Prof.\nand chairman of Bhai Vir Singh Studies writes about some th famous historical\ngardens of Punjab. He also pleads that if we can’t build such new garden for\nlack of interest or resources at least we should see to it that those\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eexisting ones don’t fall into decay and then\ndisappear one day leaving us all poorer for this loss.\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiaVjWxZDM5aFt8gkSaEt9yWuOS3zjWxKMB7eQ1_-1vLSfAjcM_2guBaOpmC8_KAu0Lv_Q6Min9FlmteMc6gzDDCq3a70gtHMSsrqM7BIq17hXCtNEMrdJTut-pt2eYzakb2vDSHyzcgUg\/s1600\/Garden+2.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjTscFBM3V6B9yFMpcAX1RP9auNyjEn-CjNmCOw3bhiUGxE0oh928aMq_Kc6GoQeinzFmRtmaA7UZBNw403zLEaw2uQrkmvPwtc0I9Lnztml_PPwWYaRyOSoiB8REhwuaJxV0sXwB6CbgI\/s1600\/Garden1.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"189\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjTscFBM3V6B9yFMpcAX1RP9auNyjEn-CjNmCOw3bhiUGxE0oh928aMq_Kc6GoQeinzFmRtmaA7UZBNw403zLEaw2uQrkmvPwtc0I9Lnztml_PPwWYaRyOSoiB8REhwuaJxV0sXwB6CbgI\/s320\/Garden1.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003ESince times\nimmemorial, man has been enamoured of the beauty of nature and has always\nderived added pleasure by arranging trees and plants in orderly pageants. While\nthe poor are satisfied with the wild grass growing around their huts and by\nplanting some stray trees and flowers, the rich build their houses in the midst\nof beautiful, spacious lawns. Some of these gardens have events, happenings and\nmany treasured tales attached to them and have, therefore, consequently\nacquired historic significance. There exist quite a few such gardens in Punjab,\nwhich have a significant background, belonging to the days gone by, against\nwhich they originated and were therefore tended with the attention and care they\ndeserved. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEguofWJ0E9cCmqdSojjDXlPPYRWYfLKs0DXQk1w6ZyWp0ZNTn1Ws7QRU0P1xIpH8IxEbcVb1ofq-zG3TdL9EJQXjk90ziWS-MA3oiqbuj_2TmLuGX2NoEwY1Au-1zLiDeOa-ixbbsshYRw\/s1600\/Garden4.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EFrom the\nhistorical Point of view, Aam Khas Bagh of Sirhind is the oldest garden of\nPuniab, which was originally named 'Naulakha Bagh'\" The Mughal emperor Jahangir,\non his way to Lahore in the year 1606, stopped at this Place, and was deeply\nfascinated by its natural beauty. With a view to reshaping the Naulakha garden,\nhe directed his courtier Hafiz Jamal Khan Rakhna to lay out the architectural details\nfor the royal approval. So a new garden was designed to serve a dual purpose,\none portion of it was earmarked exclusively for the royal family and the other\nfor his subjects. On his return to Agra, Jahangir dispatched his famous\narchitect Khwaja Owais to Sirhind, who finally planned the garden and named it 'Bagh-e-Khas-oAam'.\nThe dilapidated buildings inside the garden still stand as a testimony to the\nancient grandeur and magnificence of the place. These include the 'Naughara',\n'Sheesh Mahal' and 'Sard Khana'. Sard Khana was probably the first building\nerected in this part of the land which had an inbuilt system of running water\nto keep the walls cool during summer. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi8bN1jcAXfmGBEF2An72-pGpH3tPPfqOBjVHycEzUOoj8d-npbS0QwOL3kuBry-CEvksSGaXlyoxzJc8-FX9oWJJenjgqOweUiWycxsZNfjEmvBPmuJaS6Q53GVNZL-hosb_FhJM80oqg\/s1600\/Garden3.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiaVjWxZDM5aFt8gkSaEt9yWuOS3zjWxKMB7eQ1_-1vLSfAjcM_2guBaOpmC8_KAu0Lv_Q6Min9FlmteMc6gzDDCq3a70gtHMSsrqM7BIq17hXCtNEMrdJTut-pt2eYzakb2vDSHyzcgUg\/s1600\/Garden+2.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"176\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiaVjWxZDM5aFt8gkSaEt9yWuOS3zjWxKMB7eQ1_-1vLSfAjcM_2guBaOpmC8_KAu0Lv_Q6Min9FlmteMc6gzDDCq3a70gtHMSsrqM7BIq17hXCtNEMrdJTut-pt2eYzakb2vDSHyzcgUg\/s320\/Garden+2.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EAnother\nimportant garden of present Punjab is Ram Bagh of Arnritsar, which was built by\nMaharaja Ranjit Singh in 1819. Before its emergence as a garden, this area was\na crude fortress of the Bhangi Misal. When Ranjit Singh conquered this area in\n1802, he planned to convert the fortress into a garden, and to commemorate and\nto pay his respectful homage to Guru Ram Das, the founder of Amritsar, he\ndecided to name it as Ram Bagh. Later, this garden with a double-storeyed\npalace in its centre, became Ranjit Singh's second home. The palace, too was\nair-conditioned, on the pattern of the Sard Khana of Sirhind. The garden was\nbuilt under the supervision of three chiefs of Ranjit Singh, namely Faqir\nAziz-ud-Din, Lehna Singh Majithia and Desa Singh. Apart from the grandeur of\nits buildings, this garden was famous for its medically useful plants,\nincluding three kinds of my robalan. lnterestingly, the garden is now known as\n'Company Bagh' and the name'Ram Bagh' has been transferred to a nearby\nlocality. The original name was elbowed out by the East lndia Company, which\nset up its offices in this garden, and gradually it came to be known as 'Company\nBagh'.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAmong the princely states of Punjab, two more\nplaces are known for their beautiful gardens Patiala for its Bagh Baradari, and\nSangrur for its Banasar Bagh. The Baradari garden of Patiala, before coming up\nas a garden, used to be the temporary residence of the Patiala ruler, Maharaja\nMohinder Singh. But when Maharaja Rajinder Sinqh (1880-85) shifted the residence\npermanently from the fort to this place he ordered to plant flowers and trees\nto adorn it with the garden. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003ESince this\ngarden has been the residence of of Patiala’s most voluptuous ruler Maharaja\nBhupinder Singh its trees have seen the days of princely splendor. They also\nstand witness to the\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Escenes of Mahajas last days when hundreds of\nladies with new born babies in their arms, thronged the gates of the garden\nwith the hope that the dying ruler would recognise his illegitimate children\nand declare them his lawful heirs. A miniature Simla with a nude statue, was\ndesigned in the heart of the garden which was named Rock Garden but the public\nin general, calls it Simla. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEguofWJ0E9cCmqdSojjDXlPPYRWYfLKs0DXQk1w6ZyWp0ZNTn1Ws7QRU0P1xIpH8IxEbcVb1ofq-zG3TdL9EJQXjk90ziWS-MA3oiqbuj_2TmLuGX2NoEwY1Au-1zLiDeOa-ixbbsshYRw\/s1600\/Garden4.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"235\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEguofWJ0E9cCmqdSojjDXlPPYRWYfLKs0DXQk1w6ZyWp0ZNTn1Ws7QRU0P1xIpH8IxEbcVb1ofq-zG3TdL9EJQXjk90ziWS-MA3oiqbuj_2TmLuGX2NoEwY1Au-1zLiDeOa-ixbbsshYRw\/s320\/Garden4.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EThe rulers\nof Jind in their capital city of Sangrur built another beautiful garden called\n'Banasar. Since the design of the garden had a focus on the arrangement of\ntrees (Ban) and the construction of a tank (Sar), it has given this name. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EMaharaja Raghbir Singh enclosed this garden with\na strong rampart and built quite a few magnificent buildings inside. A marble inscription\nin poetry composed in 1904 by Brij Narain Verma records an exaggerated story of\nGarden.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003ETwo such gardens\nbuilt by non-rulers also deserve mention here. These are Bagh-e-Baqari' of Malerkotla\nand Bagh Kothi Abdul Halim of Bassi Pathanan. Bagh_e_ Baqar , thouqh completely\ndevoid of buildings and even an attractive layout\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ehas gained a historic importance. The\ndissident ruling dignitaries made this garden their marching point for a\nreligious attack over the state in a row caused over a Shari ritual.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi8bN1jcAXfmGBEF2An72-pGpH3tPPfqOBjVHycEzUOoj8d-npbS0QwOL3kuBry-CEvksSGaXlyoxzJc8-FX9oWJJenjgqOweUiWycxsZNfjEmvBPmuJaS6Q53GVNZL-hosb_FhJM80oqg\/s1600\/Garden3.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"237\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi8bN1jcAXfmGBEF2An72-pGpH3tPPfqOBjVHycEzUOoj8d-npbS0QwOL3kuBry-CEvksSGaXlyoxzJc8-FX9oWJJenjgqOweUiWycxsZNfjEmvBPmuJaS6Q53GVNZL-hosb_FhJM80oqg\/s320\/Garden3.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThe garden\ncame up through single handed efforts of Baqar Ali Khan in 1896. In \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E1908 his \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Enephew Ehsan Ali Khan refused to participate\nin a state procession of the symbolic horse taking in memory of the Prophet's\ncrucified grandsons. ln- stead, he asked his followers to assemble at\nBagh-e-Baqari, from where the ritual was solemnised independently and in\ndefiance of the state. The row had its echoes in the British court and the\nShias won the case. Since then, the Shias of Malerkotla take out the symbolic 'Horse\nof Hussain' in a procession twice a year from this garden. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThe garden\nat Bassi Pathanan was built by Abdul Halim, a poor labourer of the city, who became\nrich by a sheer stroke of good luck. To have the privilege of invit ing the\nMaharaja of Patiala to a dinner at his 'own' house, Abdul Halim engaged\narchitects from France to plan and execute the job. This garden provides for\nthe visitor's eyes, a combined scene of death and life as it not only houses\nthe splendid kothi of Abdul Halim, but also has in its periphery a family\ngraveyard of the Halims.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThe present\nage is an age of lack of time and resources for ventures of this nature and to\nhope that such gardens, with magnificent buildings, will continue to be built, seems\nto be well-nigh impossible. lt would be enough for us to properly preserve the\nexisting ones when a few of them are fast losing their erstwhile glory and\ngrandeur. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EWith today's\nsocial and bureaucratic attitudes of neglecting\" historic landmarks and\nthings of antiquity, it will be no surprise if some of these great gardens also\nlose their identity and importance in the few ensuing decades.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/1781714721062037507\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/the-historical-gardens-of-punjab.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/1781714721062037507"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/1781714721062037507"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/the-historical-gardens-of-punjab.html","title":"THE HISTORICAL GARDENS OF PUNJAB "}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjTscFBM3V6B9yFMpcAX1RP9auNyjEn-CjNmCOw3bhiUGxE0oh928aMq_Kc6GoQeinzFmRtmaA7UZBNw403zLEaw2uQrkmvPwtc0I9Lnztml_PPwWYaRyOSoiB8REhwuaJxV0sXwB6CbgI\/s72-c\/Garden1.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-3886404830083560486"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-03T20:43:00.003-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:52:30.204-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"1"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"PUNJAB – THE HOME OF ART AND LITERATURE"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPUNJAB – THE HOME OF ART AND\nLITERATURE\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nby Shamsher Singh \u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhbCedKmJNdnI9HqNA5-L2YFajBP1nxtkw9SzYtDw_P1ei2VAECypUy65mQgn5jCI5zxYyh64vcID7lJTTZnUaWZjru5WzaKw-r0ZsX8VYAjD1FeQShlxPRMFpLEdHJZhbSBJ1E3oIXih0\/s1600\/Shamsher.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhbCedKmJNdnI9HqNA5-L2YFajBP1nxtkw9SzYtDw_P1ei2VAECypUy65mQgn5jCI5zxYyh64vcID7lJTTZnUaWZjru5WzaKw-r0ZsX8VYAjD1FeQShlxPRMFpLEdHJZhbSBJ1E3oIXih0\/s320\/Shamsher.jpg\" width=\"290\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EAuthor\u003C\/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPunjab \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ethroughout the past ages, has been subjected\nto frequent aggressions and invasions. But during the short spells of peace and\ntranquility, the people of this region had the rare acumen of celebrating life\nin those brief transitory intervals of peace, giving rise to great creations in\nthe domains of art and literature. Thus we find that the hands that lifted the\nsword when freedom was threatened took up the trowel, the brush, the chisel and\nthe pen to create great treasures of architecture , art and literature, in an\namazingly opposite swing of the same energy.\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nIn this article Shamsher Singh (Artist\nPhullan Rani’s husband), who is \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E(was) a\nconnoisseur and critic of art himself, and has written a number of books and\nbrochures on it, traces the history of art in Punjab \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Efrom the earliest to the modern times. [Ie\nstrikes a hopeful note that Punjab \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eis\nagain getting ripe and ready to take a leap to scale the summits reached by it\nin the past.\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n(It is a machine typing ; e \u0026amp;om\ne)\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiAC38FXevw9Ifkvutm1bRot_CWIoR7uwSCNGGUqhbPu8Cybm0wbuTN80old1UGpu67kgCWRfUqThebLLUWFftjTjmX3QGyw3DjB0SjAzhPvg9ujGeMYLc8w9hho1lvd_6YnjH5DdM7faE\/s1600\/Shamsher1.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiAC38FXevw9Ifkvutm1bRot_CWIoR7uwSCNGGUqhbPu8Cybm0wbuTN80old1UGpu67kgCWRfUqThebLLUWFftjTjmX3QGyw3DjB0SjAzhPvg9ujGeMYLc8w9hho1lvd_6YnjH5DdM7faE\/s320\/Shamsher1.jpg\" width=\"210\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe land of Punjab \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eis very ancient indeed. The fact of its being\nwatered by five perennial rivers and its possessing a salubrious climate, has\nmade it a rich and fertile land, plentiful in life’s elementary necessities.\nTherefore, it also looked very inviting to the hungry eye of the foreign\nmarauders who entered its sacred precincts in order either to make it their\npermanent home or to ransack its natural wealth. Besides its natural wealth\nwhich satisfied physical needs, it had superabundance of scenic beauty which\nespecially on its northern side with its lofty Himalayan ranges crowned with\neternal snows, its immaculately blue horizons, its verdurous valleys resounding\nwith enchanting streams, verged on the sublime. Such boundless wealth of beauty\ncould transport even the most prosaic nature to the heights of lyrical ecstasy.\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhesjt9XE4qwOz4LUOTNdzrb8dGowHBLzEnFqXy8BkooSeY7jve4jgESEKKwikYhpQ5NKzk9ygud2ULVyMmcGuK596pbIZ2cH2qedDH7pw0kuwo9i6MPJv7wC8dKouy0mYbXU64RRbgZyQ\/s1600\/Shamsher2.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhesjt9XE4qwOz4LUOTNdzrb8dGowHBLzEnFqXy8BkooSeY7jve4jgESEKKwikYhpQ5NKzk9ygud2ULVyMmcGuK596pbIZ2cH2qedDH7pw0kuwo9i6MPJv7wC8dKouy0mYbXU64RRbgZyQ\/s320\/Shamsher2.jpg\" width=\"174\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgeh0ewxBn8L1t_L58eBMoGmEmMrUPEGYpRHrbOLEpBNKkh0VtnSLWg_-6k2taZdWUaPfd3zRT0-_4NEKKScuXDqcNjpD4lfjHbWPugSOmNXHW8uwL2Egqjt63k7ubwt0dsvGa7Uu4NDD8\/s1600\/Shamsher3.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgeh0ewxBn8L1t_L58eBMoGmEmMrUPEGYpRHrbOLEpBNKkh0VtnSLWg_-6k2taZdWUaPfd3zRT0-_4NEKKScuXDqcNjpD4lfjHbWPugSOmNXHW8uwL2Egqjt63k7ubwt0dsvGa7Uu4NDD8\/s320\/Shamsher3.jpg\" width=\"204\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nBoth these things material plenty\nand scenic wealth have, therefore, conspired together to biing out the best\nfrom whosoever came into contact with it for a longer durqtion or shorter\nperiod of stay. History bears it out that it has always been in the region of\nsurplus wealth that man has sought an outlet for his genius in works of art, as\nthe poet Rabindranath says, \" The idea of art has its origin in the 'superfluous'\ni.e. when a person transcends the bounds of his immediate necessity, then alone\ncan he turn his attention to that pure enjoyment out of which all art is\nborn\". \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhi-RCvvK3OHPdYHoTlaO4xXHfutelIcS6kNm9FOqChMfORe0bSqHTdGhTmE715_knuvxhx13fUJ1m5QLY_-9t5OeO7wceS4MKc_MgOoBww39wtBPwjW5xM4rZfFCyyqw1G7-SKtNnZszA\/s1600\/Shamsher4.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"215\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhi-RCvvK3OHPdYHoTlaO4xXHfutelIcS6kNm9FOqChMfORe0bSqHTdGhTmE715_knuvxhx13fUJ1m5QLY_-9t5OeO7wceS4MKc_MgOoBww39wtBPwjW5xM4rZfFCyyqw1G7-SKtNnZszA\/s320\/Shamsher4.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThough the stupendous mountain\nchains in the north west of lndia, fostered a distinct type of civilization and\nculture, yet they never sufficed to shelter the sunny climes of Northern India from\nthe inroads of ambitious monarchs or the wandering nomads. These invaders, one\nafter the other stormed through the narrow defiles that pierce through the\ngreat rocky barriers that led into the plains of the interiors from the third\nmillennium B.C. When the Dravidian civilization flourished in the North West of\nlndia, Aryans, Persians, Macedonians, Bactrians, Greeks, Scythians, Parthians\nand Kaushans, and lately Afghans and Mughals came in waves (with the exception\nof Macedonians whose conquest was only of a transitory character) and each one\nof them in turn left some indelible impression upon the art and culture,\nparticularly this part of the country. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe archeological excavations\ncarried out in Mohanjodaro in the Larkana Distt. (Sindh) and Harappa in Montgomery\nDistt. of Punjab \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E(both now in Pakistan) show\nthat a highly civilized society flourished here and the art of architecture had\nreached a high degree of perfection. The superb relief figures of animals carried\nout on the seals, a few hundred of which have been discovered, exhibit a high\ndegree of originality and excellence. The stone images at Harappa recall the\nperfect finish of the Greek statues and bear testimony to the great development\nin the sculpture art of even those in ancient times. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe lndo-Aryans, who later drove out\nthe Dravidians, gave vent to their ,lyrical rhapsodies as a result of the deep\nimpact of the majestic beauty of Punjab , in the form of hymns known as 'Rick\nSamhita' written in praise of various gods. Here again they wrote the Vedas,\nwhich as literature, have been unexcelled in their simplicity of diction,\nsublimity of thought and lyrical intensity. Architecture, too, made a\nconsiderable advance. There are references to mansions supported ?y a thousand columns\nand provided with a thousand doors. Mention has also been made of stone castles\nand structures with a hundred walls. The Mahabharat and the Ramayana, the famous\nlndian epics, according to indisputable historical evidence have had their\nbirth in the great land of Punjab . Tradition further affirms that the\nMahabharat was first recited in the city of Taxila. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe excavations at Taxila, in Northern\nlndia, show mixed Persian and Greek influences on art. The fusion of Persian\nand Hellenistic idea took place in Bactria and the hybrid art thus evolved was\nintroduced into India and manifested itself chiefly in the coinage and sculptures\nof the period. The wedding of the Hellenistic and the indigenous art brought about\nthe existence of the Gandhara School of Art in the North West. lt is generally\nregarded as the source of all subsequent development of art in India and spread\nthrough the Chinese Turkistan to the far East and influenced even the art of\nChina and Japan, India particularly found in the formative arts, introduced ?y\nthe Gandhara School of Art, a valuable medium through which to narrate in simple,\nuniversal language, the legends and history of her faith. There were beautiful\ntemples and monasteries and the famous Tower of Kanishka at Purushpur (Peshawar)\nwas one of the wonders of Asia. But all these have perished without leaving a?y\ntrace behind. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nAll this proves beyond dispute\nthat all through the ancient times, even before history came to record its array\nof events, Northern India had been the home of many a virile race coming from beyond\nlndia's North Western frontiers and which contributed its best in the form of\nliterature, sculpture and paintings to its rich heritage. From here, through\nthe course of centuries, the fragrance of culture, enriched by time, spread far\nand wide into the interiors of India and finally became an integral part of her\nvaried life. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nFrom the 11th century A.D. onwards\nit was the peculiar misfortune of the North West of India, particularly Punjab \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ethat it was subjected to the violent\nonslaughts of the barbaric hordes who, unlike their ancient predecessors,\nbelieved in the cult of fire and sword and annihilated everything of artistic\nvalue here, dubbing it all as heathenish idolatry. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThis period of spiritual darkness\nwas partially relieved with the advent of the Mughals on the scene when, under\nthe benign patronage of a few of its enlightened rulers like Akbar and\nShahjahan literature, architecture and painting flowered once again into\nrenewed beauty and charm.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg7bCfATfSgExYxBUsif7hODadaXkCd7XxR1nyJVMkPHdUh7J9SNW17rBw01b_jheMCBi7bCzvaM7i4f29IdfTaB2XQ4WvyrBhONicQTINLpKFE14mr7GwcqFFYwvR54C3K6u_9OUsna_8\/s1600\/Shamsher5.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg7bCfATfSgExYxBUsif7hODadaXkCd7XxR1nyJVMkPHdUh7J9SNW17rBw01b_jheMCBi7bCzvaM7i4f29IdfTaB2XQ4WvyrBhONicQTINLpKFE14mr7GwcqFFYwvR54C3K6u_9OUsna_8\/s320\/Shamsher5.jpg\" width=\"207\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nIt was Northern India again, especially\nPunjab \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eand Kashmir, that got the best of\nit. We hqve Shalimar Garden both in Kashmir and Lahore, and Jama Masjid in the\nlatter ci?y as the best specimens of Mughal architecture. The poetry of Guru Nanak,\nGuru Ramdas, Guru Arjun Dev and other Sikh Gurus which came into being in those\nvery days, is a spring of perennial charm which had its ennobling effect on the\nlife, manners and literature of the people all over lndia. ln the domain of\npainting, the Kangra School of Art, uncorrupted by any exotic influence, owing\nespecially to the peculiar nature and situation of that part of the country\nremained away from the path of the invaders and throve in un-tarnised glory.\nNone can deny its strong individuality and growing influence on the present day\nart trends in the country. !t has been widely recognised that the people of Punjab\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eare, by nature, individualistic,\nhardworking and colourful. They are born and bred in art. Therefore all their\nart activities, manifold as these are, diverted into these channels. Draring\nthe Sikh rule, which only for a brief space of time knew peace and security,\nart flowered into a thing of noble beauty. Under the patronage of the great\nSikh monarch Maharaja Ranjit Singh, it saw many a magnificent structure rise to\na true splendour. The Golden Temple at Amritsar, which was begun by Guru\nRamdas, was completed by the Maharaja. lt is the finest specimen of Sikh\narchitecture which blends in rhythmic balance the gardens of the Mughal\narchitectural art with the typical grace of the Hindu Art. The summer palace of\n' Maharaja Ranjit Singh at Rambagh situated at some distance away from the\nGolden Temple and built for the ladies of the Maharaja's harem to enable its\nmembers to visit the Temple in strict privacy, is a beautiful architectural\nwork, which elicits the admiration of all art lovers. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhUyFRezsebbXxGezMElQ4797GA5k2FT9HHj_7QT-yWLk_XG09g8lAdMdWXWWbCpQP-b9zYCr_i1adp-J7xcxC6nQ4Y7dISdQ4kfy2Ay8G-2bLSfHKh8wxM8XH5RAufUQVYs-tSoe9bDug\/s1600\/Shamsher8.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhUyFRezsebbXxGezMElQ4797GA5k2FT9HHj_7QT-yWLk_XG09g8lAdMdWXWWbCpQP-b9zYCr_i1adp-J7xcxC6nQ4Y7dISdQ4kfy2Ay8G-2bLSfHKh8wxM8XH5RAufUQVYs-tSoe9bDug\/s320\/Shamsher8.jpg\" width=\"277\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EEven under the British rule,\nthe\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EUnited Punjab \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Emade rapid advances in cultural fields in\nspite of obvious handicaps. The excavations of ancient towns mentioned above\nrevealed to the astonished world the rich heritage of the Punjab is. There was\na sort of renaissance generated by these great ancient works belonging to the\nglorious past. This has also roused the dormant art instinct of the heroic and\nversatile people. Soon at Lahore an art gallery came into existence, which\nsought to preserve the highest efforts of the Punjab i artists, both past and\npresent, belonging to various fields. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nBut unfortunately the division of\nthe Country in 1947, made everything topsy turvy, and most of the art treasures\nwere left behind in Pakistan. The Punjab \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eon this side of India was deprived of a rich\ncollection.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg3lLDxEM04U9htyk673aicpmpMGTI-hXCEkD5V8zliCH7Rbh2_QhVCu3ly9c5DcPfE-SlZqMipshepXOqudmTgPWbn-Lj5nk-1gIYe6xyaOPtHaKW8LWdiM2_NZdHqA83ilDN4wZVxAAE\/s1600\/Shamsher7.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg3lLDxEM04U9htyk673aicpmpMGTI-hXCEkD5V8zliCH7Rbh2_QhVCu3ly9c5DcPfE-SlZqMipshepXOqudmTgPWbn-Lj5nk-1gIYe6xyaOPtHaKW8LWdiM2_NZdHqA83ilDN4wZVxAAE\/s320\/Shamsher7.jpg\" width=\"241\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nAfter the partition of Punjab ,\non account of a sudden upsurge of feeling of art among the intelligentsia of\nsociety, the subject of Fine Arts was introduced in the educational curricula\nin schools as well as in colleges and also many separate Art Colleges,\nsponsored by the Government sprang up. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nArt received further stimulus\nduring the brilliant Chief Ministership of late Giani Zail Singh. A two year\nart and craft diploma was introduced in some of the leading schools of Punjab \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ewhich turned out scores of brilliant art\nteachers who were absorbed later in various recognised educational institutions\nhere. This received further impetus for learning Fine Arts among the students.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nlt\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ehas also been incorporated as a special\nsubject at college level up to the Master's Degree. Since recent years various\nart studios have cropped up in several cities of Punjab \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ewhich the art loving students join to study\nand learn the beauty and introduction of a number of art media. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nFurther more art competitions are\norganised by various organisations all over the state and the brilliant\ncompetitors among the students are awarded prizes. This has given further fillip\nand encouragement to the growing trend of the popularity of art among the\nstudent community. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi2E-1R8SCMyB1dxisoVFT061s_LeFfdn5yrvZkSfycG9Vytpr4Pr0XkqBdQJBGLW7zk49qUe4BwnqAecJPBbQwDqVYaVrhjNHeUPO7nP5iv08YnTLeWKTcd-RbFsGjxASAW5cSudhqE64\/s1600\/Shamsher6.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"277\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi2E-1R8SCMyB1dxisoVFT061s_LeFfdn5yrvZkSfycG9Vytpr4Pr0XkqBdQJBGLW7zk49qUe4BwnqAecJPBbQwDqVYaVrhjNHeUPO7nP5iv08YnTLeWKTcd-RbFsGjxASAW5cSudhqE64\/s320\/Shamsher6.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe Universities and Colleges in Punjab\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eand other public places like the\nMunicipal Corporations and the Govt. offices also encourage art by acquiring\nthe paintings of the well known artists.. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nNow there is also a full fledged\nArt College at Chandigarh which students eagerly join to avail themselves of\nthe posts of Art Lecturers in various colleges in Punjab . \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThus there is widespread revival\nof interest in various arts and the day may not be far off when this state\nwould again achieve those pinnacles which it had reached in the past.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/3886404830083560486\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/punjab-home-of-art-and-literature.html#comment-form","title":"12 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/3886404830083560486"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/3886404830083560486"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/punjab-home-of-art-and-literature.html","title":"PUNJAB – THE HOME OF ART AND LITERATURE"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhbCedKmJNdnI9HqNA5-L2YFajBP1nxtkw9SzYtDw_P1ei2VAECypUy65mQgn5jCI5zxYyh64vcID7lJTTZnUaWZjru5WzaKw-r0ZsX8VYAjD1FeQShlxPRMFpLEdHJZhbSBJ1E3oIXih0\/s72-c\/Shamsher.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"12"}}]}});