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\u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nThe unhappy husband of Kiran Bedi\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiza20Iqmh8aG2WSUrYz8hBRCid6FgVvn-jchdHHMKhDhEdHD6tZPJmAaxujp24ZsTK7OrfZDmD0jdaJi-49SXuYCIkx0OrzKhZ8VI5eaMi_mJh-oqrzBsQ9NmtEJIw2limGOdtI5HXXtk\/s1600\/kiran.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiza20Iqmh8aG2WSUrYz8hBRCid6FgVvn-jchdHHMKhDhEdHD6tZPJmAaxujp24ZsTK7OrfZDmD0jdaJi-49SXuYCIkx0OrzKhZ8VI5eaMi_mJh-oqrzBsQ9NmtEJIw2limGOdtI5HXXtk\/s320\/kiran.jpg\" width=\"268\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003ETO BE OR NOT - HUSBAND OF A CELEBRITY \u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe first woman to enter the IPS which was otherwise a male domain;\nwinner of the prestigious Magasaysay Award for humanely administering Tihar,\nthe largest jail of Asia, Kiran Bedi has slipped miserably on the domestic\nfront. Having a devoted husband and a lovely daughter this terrific police officer\nhasn’t been able to maintain an equilibrium between marital and parental\nfamilies. Well known for inviting controversies Kiran Bedi was in news when she\nleft Mizoram overnight. She also declined posting in Jammu \u0026amp; Kashmir. What\nhowever haven't been printed' are the controversies in her personal lile which\ntoo have surrounded her. DR. UMA ARARA speaks to Brij Bedi, her estranged\nhusband, who lives in Amritsar, to unveil lesser known Kiran. \u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E(Please also see: \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2016\/02\/kiran-bedis-husband-brij-bedi-passes.html\"\u003EBrij Bedi Passes Away on 31-1-16\u003C\/a\u003E)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThis lonely man loves to photograph I beautiful women.\nThat's not all. His lens catches the mess in and around the city and with the\nproduct he continuously pesters the civic authorities who according to him are deaf,\ndumb and blind. His passion for Amritsar, the cig in which he has been living\nsince past several decades, comes out strongly the moment one mentions word 'filth'.\nThis philanthropist handsome middle-aged man with a grey crown and Clark Gable\nmoustache the unassuming and low profile husband of a celebrity. Yes we are\ntalking to Brij Bedi, - one wheel of the straddled marriage; the other being\nfirst Woman IPS officer Mrs.Kiran Bedi. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nQ. How did you meet Kiranji? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhK3HlFKHJPbD1LEqpcD9jUBfX4COBb22wwH8HJS5OVo0ncQb9lItij15Fx2iSFrdAr6w0L4eVJ5LdaxbvvL03XQKRs2S8PSaEAJ-xnniIIVJzfosoO4_3jejEccEAZ8B9Kl_enXhAWut8\/s1600\/11.tif\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"297\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhK3HlFKHJPbD1LEqpcD9jUBfX4COBb22wwH8HJS5OVo0ncQb9lItij15Fx2iSFrdAr6w0L4eVJ5LdaxbvvL03XQKRs2S8PSaEAJ-xnniIIVJzfosoO4_3jejEccEAZ8B9Kl_enXhAWut8\/s320\/11.tif\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EA. lt was in 1971 . Basically we are from Dera 'Baba Nanak,\nBatala and descendents of Guru Nanak. When I was in Khalsa College, Amritsar, I\nmet a triend who taught me photography and lawn tennis. The game interested me\nso much that even on the examination day I was playing tennis and naturally\nfailed. ln 1971 Kiran had returned from Chandigarh after completion of her M.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA. She was a very good tennis player, in fact her father was\nvery keen to make her an outstanding tennis \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eplayer and she went on to become the Asian\nChampion. We met in the club, played tennis together and became good\ntriends.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nQ.So it was romance on the tennis court? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA. That happened later. At that time I was engaged with a\ngirl from Delhi. Being an idealist l wanted just a simple marriage but the\ngirl's parents refused. So we broke the engagement. Meanwhile I had begun to\nlike Kiran for her intelligence and quick wit. She had told me that if this\nengagement did not work she would marry me as she wanted to have a husband with\nsimilar ideals. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nQ. Was it a contractual marriage then? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA. Yes and no. We had ten years difference in our age but\nour thinking level was the same. lf I had my ideals she had her own conditions.\nAlthough\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eshe had taken up a job in\nKhalsa college it was decided that she would become- an l.A.S. officer failing\nwhich she would go to Canada for her Ph.D. She was so intelligent I did not\nthink of stopping her or controlling her just because she was to be my wife. lf\nshe had the ability\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eand the will power\nto pursue the goals why' should I or anyone stop her. lnstead \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EI agreed with her and encouraged her. We were\nmadly in love at that time and such things seemed very superficial. l \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nQ. You became a visiting husband. How did it affect your\nlndian male ego? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA. Right from the beginning we knew that our marriage is\ngoing to be a unique in its own way. We were not going to be ordinary husband\nand wife where the woman wastes her talent and intelligence knitting and\nwashing at home. l would never have married such a home bound person. Since it\nwas already decided in our case that she would be posted outside l was mentally\nprepared to be a visiting husband Besides where there is love there is no ego\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003E. I used to cook and eyen polish her shoes.\u003C\/b\u003E\nSometimes when she would be tired I pressed her legs also. I never felt anything\nwrong in that. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nQ. That must have been during the 'first few years of the\nmarriage. When did the problems really start? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA. The problems were there side by side but like all newly\nweds we ignored them. After two months of marriage she got the call for\ntraining. lt was really great in those days. We used to write five letters\neveryday with numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, marked on them. Even the postman was\nbewildered. Every day she used to call me over the phone too. It was really\nromantic. One day when she rang up she was very up set as her name had not\nappeared in the first list of lAS. I had induced her to take on a challenge and\naccept the strenuous IPS training. Her parents resisted as there were 'no women\nr officers in the lndian police force then. Despite this I managed to convince\nher and she took up the challenge. After the training she was posted at Delhi\nand I used to visit her on the weekends. Her parents had already shifted to\nDelhi with her and then her sisters also joined and completed the family\ncoterie around her. ln a two room house it used to become really overcrowded\nand I felt highly suffocated, Gradually I began to feel very uncomfortable\nthere as her parents would interfere in our personal relationship and we began\nto drift apart. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgXOJEvHEvP_q6Wt-g0BKjR9ePHNOY4hE93MGASNVEjW7a-mqGzKQZolTbjCFGxt1ZsFeC7lYVqG6x7tUUPxaCIawn3E-wLuhNWB7AP25SAoNJDa1I3l_ImDDoaUvz0AwsLgcAXLKYqimU\/s1600\/12.tif\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgXOJEvHEvP_q6Wt-g0BKjR9ePHNOY4hE93MGASNVEjW7a-mqGzKQZolTbjCFGxt1ZsFeC7lYVqG6x7tUUPxaCIawn3E-wLuhNWB7AP25SAoNJDa1I3l_ImDDoaUvz0AwsLgcAXLKYqimU\/s320\/12.tif\" width=\"315\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EQ. How were the 'things when your daughter was born? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA. lt was a planned child and we were both blissful. Till\nthat time Kiran was totally involved with me and my family.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EBrij with his daughter Her parents could not\ncope with that and tried their best by fair or foul means to win her devotion\nin which they succeeded, I also felt that being a daughter she does have her\nobligation towards them and never tried to obstruct her relationship with them.\nBut she could not balance her affection for both families and in her heart her parents\nbecame everything so much so that the requirements of her husband and daughter\nbecame secondary and gradually we became obsolete for her- She is not a\nsuccessful wife although a very successful and devoted daughter. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nQ. Sukriti, Your daughter stays with her mother then how\noften do you meet her? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA. I go to visit her now. That is the biggest tragedy of our\nmarriage.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EShe neither got love of her\nmother nor affection of a father. Kiran was naturally very busy and could spare\nonly a few hurried moments from her busy schedule. I used to go on weekends which\nwas fine but since past eight years I have stopped going to Delhi and the girl\nis really deprived of parental care. She does come over to Amritsar as and when\nshe can. Her maternal grandparents are there but she resists them like\nanything. She is the real sufferer; Now she herself is an adult and understands\nthe situation but has not been able to fully cope up. She does not feel\ncomfortable in that house but has to stay there since she is trying for her\nMBBS degree. There are things in life over which no one has any control. The\ndestiny plays an important role. People are not surprised at Kiran Bedi becoming\nan IPS officer but her having been married is considered strange. Q.Maybe because\nof this sourness there have been rumours about a divorce? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA. They (Kiran's parents) wanted a divorce. Even Kiran\nmentioned it once but I refused saying our achievement is mine\". She was\nmy dream. There was a time when she had called me 'her god' in one such\ninterviews. But then things became really bad between us, For our daughter's sake\nI never thought of a divorce. My 'parents too used to insist sometimes but I\ndid not want to get married again. Q. What about her achievements?\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EDid you ever envy that? \u003C\/div\u003E\nA. Never. Her achievements were mine. She did her duty well\nand was appreciate\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003Ethat more than doing things about prisoners, the criminals the need is\nto do something about the society outside. About the poor, the rotting, the illiterates.\nlts time she should quit and involve in the larger canvas. Being a very simple\nperson bereft of inhibitions she can, easily do it.d for that, Personally I feel\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EQ.What about your\nparents? Usually the problems start because of that. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA. (laughs). ln our case it was the other way round. Her own\nparents had such a hold over her that she could not breakaway from them. Kiran\nwas very close to my mother and accepted many times that she got so many things\nbecause of her blessings. When she came for my mother's funeral on her returning\nto Delhi she got the news about the Magasaysay award. My mother was a very\nbroadminded person, She accepted our relationship ,but the deterioration in it\nbecame unbearable for her. She worried what would happen to me after her death.\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEirj1VUsC_stlnkMi9Czhl8S8yhTbeTmCrTjHc4L5tbcyMpW-D0QmLGd9Nkx8h14r6zXEeYEUNxQ1It-FG_I_55fGIW7CKn1QGBlGLHmbRsxul7fW82ifmKvACjhEYmRluWX_xkPfC6tHQ\/s1600\/12b.tif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"226\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEirj1VUsC_stlnkMi9Czhl8S8yhTbeTmCrTjHc4L5tbcyMpW-D0QmLGd9Nkx8h14r6zXEeYEUNxQ1It-FG_I_55fGIW7CKn1QGBlGLHmbRsxul7fW82ifmKvACjhEYmRluWX_xkPfC6tHQ\/s320\/12b.tif\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EQ. ln retrospect what would you like to change and at which\nmoment in your life? \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA. I have come to believe in destiny. lt had to happen in my\nlife. I was very bitter about the failure of our marriage till a year and half\nago but today I have managed to control my emotions and have channelised them\nproperly. I try my best to help people and have made it a mission to pester\nauthorities about their negligence although I still miss having a proper family\nlife especially at times when I am unwell. I no more cry about it. This is all\ndestiny. No one can change anything.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/4825696624961152543\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/the-unhappy-husband-of-kiran-bedi.html#comment-form","title":"280 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/4825696624961152543"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/4825696624961152543"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/the-unhappy-husband-of-kiran-bedi.html","title":"The unhappy husband of Kiran Bedi"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiza20Iqmh8aG2WSUrYz8hBRCid6FgVvn-jchdHHMKhDhEdHD6tZPJmAaxujp24ZsTK7OrfZDmD0jdaJi-49SXuYCIkx0OrzKhZ8VI5eaMi_mJh-oqrzBsQ9NmtEJIw2limGOdtI5HXXtk\/s72-c\/kiran.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"280"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-8451904425548233931"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-04T05:08:00.002-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2015-12-10T22:34:55.187-08:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"2"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"AJIT SINGH SANDHU -A CRIMINAL IN POLICE UNIFORM"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  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Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EAJIT SINGH SANDHU -A CRIMINAL IN POLICE UNIFORM\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhlHPjtMBiLMzm_dd9ozZWlA44pPzEiRZGKhjJSFy8quX-G5_4RcnCsmB_VYuWh-5UW8Kt815g0UjstiplEushDrOH4Jut3JUW6Fiq2zBr10eOLDIwi4SvYXjnn8avHTdXUD701eVOWtic\/s1600\/48.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EKulwinder Sandhu and Simran Sidhu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eln 1715 AD Banda Bahadur's infant son was pierced open by the\ntyrants of Mughal court. His pulsating heart was extracted from the still warm\nbody and Banda was asked to eat it. On Banda's refusal it was forced into his\nmouth emperor. Farrukhsiar enjoyed the scene watching Banda’s eyes being removed\nand tongue pulled out. History is replete with such cruel but true stories.\nSadly such barbarian acts have flowed into our present times. Who can forget the\nblindings by the Bihar policemen? With more and more information the tyranny of\nthe personnel like Ajit Singh Sandhu during the period of turbulence in Punjab\nis coming to light and it giving a bad name to the entire police force. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi1C0vhI7rWY6rqB78jjof0ihPO4pE2a1O-26zCLKAu29otJokYf8Gz78BluCXEwxOxifko2S6YTjN5qLGjGDwhdjeIzvPBDagA1uZjwKMY8yaszR3ZiuaagOeVbWXqNwRudrxzBq1h758\/s1600\/46.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi1C0vhI7rWY6rqB78jjof0ihPO4pE2a1O-26zCLKAu29otJokYf8Gz78BluCXEwxOxifko2S6YTjN5qLGjGDwhdjeIzvPBDagA1uZjwKMY8yaszR3ZiuaagOeVbWXqNwRudrxzBq1h758\/s320\/46.jpg\" width=\"236\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EI or nearly a decade the terror of militancy and counter\nmilitary action swayed the peace loving Punjabi state. The specter of those\nunforgettable years reernerge with incidents like the death of Ajit Sing\nSandhu. Only time will clear the controversy surrounding this over zealous\npolice officer who reportedly committed suicide to save himself from\nhumiliation. Whatever may be the reasons for Sandhu to commit suicide, the\nincident has brought out conflicting images of his personality. KULWINDER SANDHU\ndiscover how this cop turned from a saviour to a savage and traces various\ncolours which have emerged out of the debate over his death.\u0026nbsp; \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThe name Ajit Singh Sandhu, a former SSP of Tarn Taran, is\nnow a part of the tragic history of recent times. He lived like a \"warrior\"\nbut died quite, unlike a true soldier. lt looked strange to Sandh u's friends\nand admirers that a person who called shots during war-like situation in the thick\nof militancy and was twice decorated with the President's award for gallantry,\ncould resort to suicide. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EA debate is going on about the compulsions and the immediate provocations\nwhich made this Police Officer with lot of bravado look so weak and feeble.\nUpinder Kaur, the widow of Sandhu's recounts, \"l had never seen my husband\ndisheartened even in the highest level of tension\" \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EListeningto the views of Human Rights Organisations questions\nare being raised on the mental integrity of Ajit Singh Sandhu, some even say he\nwas a coward. Justice Ajit Singh Bains (retired) who is the Chairman of the Punjab\nHuman Rights Organisation (PHRO) says, \"Sandhu was brave as long as he had\nthe protection of khakhi, otherwise he was a worst coward. Justice Ajit Singh\nBains (retired) who is the Chairman of the Punjab Human Rights Organisation (PHRO)\nsays, \"Sandhu was brave as long as he had the protection of khakhi\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Euniform. He couldn't stand trial in the legal\ncourt\". \"No brave man can think of committing suicide,\" he adds,\nThe hastily scribbled note received from Sandhu said, \"lt is better to die\nthan\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Elive in humiliation\". \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"197\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgB9VSQhmyznMBoYCFPzFBnTJUhlch4eEZylJSWHKafjpJoaNTNKnrOqPVIb_OzCWxPtwaBm5ghEIChNb-9aIOqurWpOZmPsCSrYV9oOJphOz9n4h_Sj4TyOO14lmLhPjTAC-5MTZhUyuA\/s320\/46b.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EManpreet : Sandhu's\ndaughter \u003Cbr \/\u003Econsoling her waling grandmother\u003Cbr \/\u003E- photo Rana Jaspal Singh\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003ESandhu's death has provided an opportunity to many people to\ncurse the human rights activists. A section of the police force including\nformer DGP K.P.S. Gill too has blamed human rights people for \"black\nmailing\" police officers by threatening to file writ petitions. lt is said\nthat many policemen who fought against militancy are now feeling disappointed\nand disheartened.\u0026nbsp; \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003ENo doubt Sandhu was the recipient of the President's\ngallantry award for display of courage in the fight against militancy but on\nthe other side, he was the only police officer against whom largest number\n(about 52) of criminal cases for enforcing extra- judicial methods were filed\nincluding that of murder and kidnapping. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EKPS Gill who hand-picked Sandhu to battle-out militants in\nTarn Taran district alleges that the criminal cases filed in the courts is\nstereotypical. There are stock witnesses who are being used\", he blames. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003ETh,e stories of brutality of Sandhu are unending. He or his\nmen allegedly drowned many people in the canal, burnt them after sprinkling\npetrol and tore them into two from the middle by pulling their legs with jeeps.\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"197\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhlHPjtMBiLMzm_dd9ozZWlA44pPzEiRZGKhjJSFy8quX-G5_4RcnCsmB_VYuWh-5UW8Kt815g0UjstiplEushDrOH4Jut3JUW6Fiq2zBr10eOLDIwi4SvYXjnn8avHTdXUD701eVOWtic\/s320\/48.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003ELaxmi Kanta Chawla in\nmourning \u003Cbr \/\u003Ethe death of Sandhu- for her \u003Cbr \/\u003ESandhu is a hero for he helped \u003Cbr \/\u003Ecurb terrorism-\nshe does not\u003Cbr \/\u003E mind the methods and means.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThe human rights activists have brought to lime-light many\nother cases. The Behla encounter between the police and two militants is an example\nof Sandhu's inhuman attitude. Forthe first time in the history of independent\nlndia Sandhu used seven villagers as human shields. He herded them together at\ngun point. All the seven human shields were killed alongwith two militants.\u0026nbsp; \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThere are also allegations of land grabbing against Sandhu. Upinder\nKaur wife of Sandhu however says, \"l have no knowledge about any such property.\"\nShe strongly defends her husband saying that contrary to the reports he instead\nrestored lands lo many people after dispossessing militants. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EUpinder Kaur too find Human Rights organisations at fault in\nblaming Sandhu for many atrocities. She says that all cases against her husband\nwere' filed at the initiative of human rights men. She alleges black- mailing\nby certain Human Rights people. \"Where were these men when militants were\ndictating terms? No Human Rights activist was in sight then\", she argues. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EDespite the defence put up by Sandhu's wife, the case of\ncremation of unidentified dead bodies by Tarn Taran police' from 1992 to 1994\nis turning out to be the most sensational case in the history of Punjab. The\nCBI is close to completing the inquiry of the case. The preliminary inquiries,\nthe report of which was filed in the supreme court has identified 585 dead\nbodies and partially identified 274 others. No evidence was available about\n1238 dead bodies registered in various cremation ground records. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EWhat the CBI has found is in no way less than a genocide. The\nCBI has yet to fix criminal responsibility but it is obvious that Sandhu would\nhave been the main culprit. While national human rights commission is,\nprocessing claims to pay compensation to the kins of people cremated by the police,\nit is expected that during the course of paying compensation. more evidence against\nthe guilty policemen would surface. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThis is one major case which has drawn the attention of courts\nbecause of the efforts made by human rights people like Khalra. He was exposing\npolice for cremating hundreds of unidentified dead bodies. Acrime? asks Kirpal\nSingh Randhawa, Deputy Chairman of Punjab Human Rights Organisation (PHRO). \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EHe continues, \"throughout the militancy period press as\nwell as judiciary were under threat from\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003Eboth militants and police. ln fact police officers used to get remands\nfor the youth by brow-beating judges\". \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eln the words of Surinder Singh Gharyala, Chairman of Human\nRights wing of Shiromani Akali Dal, \"KPS Gill in a determined bid wants to\nprove himself the greatest champion of the unity and integrity of the nation so\nthat nobody should scrutinise his black deeds granted immunity from the clutches\nof law\". \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EBeside, Gill, another former DGP Julio Ribeiro has also\nstrongly come in defence of policemen who fought against militancy. He writes,\n\"lt would be suicidal for any government in Punjab whether Congress or Akalis\nto refrain from defending these valiant sons of the state against whom human\nrights activists have now filed complaints in the court of law'. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EIt is a matter of fact that out of 30 policemen now lodged in\nvarious jails, majority are facing cases of killing people for personal\nrevenge. In Amritsar jail, accused policemen had gone on fast to seek\ngovernment help. Swarn Singh a DSP who was their leader was arrested for\nkilling Dilshad Akhtar a noted Punjabi folk singer at a marriage party of his\nson in Batala. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EBaldev Singh another DSP in jail had killed eight members of\nfour neighbourhood related families in Bagga village in Majitha police district\ndue to a personal rivalry. The remaining members of these families still live\nunder the dread of policemen. On the orders of high court, they have been given\npolicies security. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EGajinder Singh the brother of Kuljit Singh Dhatt who was\nmurdered by Sandhu has made a sensational revelation that Sandhu had offered\nhim rupees one crore to withdraw the Dhatt murder case as he wanted to turn approver\nin the case. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003ESOME FACTS AND CASES AGAINST AJIT SINGH SANDHU \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003ERecruited into police force as an Assistant Sub lnspector, in\nthe early seventies, Ajit Singh Sandhu showed promise, completed his training\nas an ASI and was soon promoted to the rank of Sub lnspector. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThis man was fearless. His methods would let no one cross his\npath. He spared none and even his fellow police officers had to be cognizant of\nhis ways to predict his behaviour. ln 1976, he entered into judicial record\nwhen Session Judge Jalandhar found that investigation officer Sub lnspector\nAjit Singh had fabricated evidence in a murder case and thus the accused had to\nbe acquitted. Ajit Singh was convicted as Sub lnspector on the criminal\ncomplaint of a fellow police officer Raghbir Singh on 31.03. 1972. The complaint\nwas dated 20.03. 1978. Sandhu was then SHO police station Dinanagar. He called\nthe officer to his police station, used criminal force, handcuffed him and got\nhis medico legal examination just to humiliate him. The court of Judicial\nMagistrate at Gurdaspur convicted him but released him on probation considering\nthat incarnation will damage his service career. The appeal against this decision\nwas dismissed. Later Sandhu was involved in another case FIR 245 dated 29.10.64\nregistered at police station Division No. 6, Jalandhar. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eln 1969, Sandhu was accused in the abduction and\ndisappearance of Kuljit Singh Dhatt (Nephew Shaheed Bhagat Singh) Judicial\nenquiry was ordered by the Supreme Court. Sandhu was found guilty after a long enquiry\nof three and a half Years although he was defended by one of the top most\ncriminal lawyer of Punjab, Tirath Singh. This was the case which finally led to\nhis suspension and arrest in 1996, after seven Years. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EGASES AGAINST SANDHU AND OTHERS \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E1 . Oh June 9, 1992, Ajit Singh Sandhu was going with his\nforce. On the way he found Harjinder Singh Dhillon, member of Shiromani Akali\nDal and a public man of his area stranderd at the road with his two friends in\na maruti car as the car had developed some problem. The two friends were Mohinder\nSingh, member SGPC and Tarsem Singh Khalsa. They were all taken into custody\nand their car towed away to CIA staff. At the intervention of Sh. Ajit Singh\nSekhon, member SGPC, two of them were released after a day but no trace was of\nfound either Harjinder Singh Dhillon or his car. lt became known that till 16th\nof June people gave food and clothes to Harlinder Singh Dhillon in custody but thereafter\nhe vanished. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E2. Resham Singh and Nishan Singh were two sons of Balkar\nSingh of Tarn Taran. Both were married and \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ehappy. ln 1966, Resham Singh was picked up on\nsuspicion and tortured and released after extortion of money. When this was\nrepeated for third time he left home and swore revenge. He however never\nreturned home. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Ebut on Dec. 6th, 1992, a news came that Resham Singh has been\nkilled in an encounter on 5th of December, 1992. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003ENext day a Police Party came to the village and took into\ncustody whoever was at \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ehome, the other\nson Nishan Singh, the two daughters in law, and mother of Resham Singh. Only the\naged grand father of Resham Singh, Balkar Singh who was not found at home at\nthat time was not arrested. None of the four Persons taken into custody ever\ncame back. All the valuables of the house belonging to the family were removed\nand doors and windows were mercilessly broken so that no one could inhabit the\nhouse. As if this was not sufficient, after some months, a 16 marla house of\nBalkar Singh at Jalandhar was occupied by police force. The father and grand father\nare still surviving and mourning for their sons, wife, and daughters in law. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E3. On 06.07.92, Lakhvir Singh S\/o. Major Singh was abducted from\nTruck union office at Patti' He was taken to police station Valtoha. The parents\nmet the officer on 09.07'92 for the release of their son but were told to\neither pay Rs. 50,000 or get mentally prepared for his death. Since the parents\nfailed to comply with the demand. On 12.07.92, he was shown dead in an\nencounter' Such was the police system fashioned by SSP Ajit Singh Sandhu. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E4. On 13.12.92, Baba Hardyal Singh and his daughter Baljit\nKaur were taken into custody by Tarn Taran police\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Esent by Sandhu, from Guru Sar Mehraj, Dist.\nBathinda. Though promised to be released within two days by Ajit Singh Sandhu,\na news was published that Baba has escaped from police custody. The daughter\ntoo was never released instead all their property including vehicles, household\nitems and karsewa materials were simply looted by the police force. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E5. On 06.04.93, Surinder Singh Gill R\/o. village Takia, Teh. Sultanpur\nLodhi, Dist. Kapurthala was picked up by a police party led by Ajit Singh Sandhu.\nWhen his father contacted the SSP Sandhu, Rs. 10 lakh was demanded. They could\nnot pay the ransom and the man was never seen alive thereafter. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E6.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EThe most\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Esensational case which reveals Sandhu's\nsadistic mind, his boundless cruelty and greed is of abduction and killing in custody\nof all male members of the family of Kar Sewa Baba Charan Singh. Baba Charan\nSingh, his three brothers, brother in law and son were abducted and killed. His\n12 vehicles were taken into custody for the private usage of the police\nofficials. He surrendered through Mahant Sewa Dass and was made to Pay rupees eight\nlakh rupees so that his life could be spared. ln police custodY he was taken to\nvarious banks and was forced to withdraw money which was again embezzled. But\nthe depth of cruelty was touched when his son's legs were tied to two jeeps and\nthe body was torn into two pieces. Such were the brave acts of India’s\ngallantry award winning hero ? \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E7. On 22.06.93, Gulshan Kumar S\/o. Chaman Lal R\/o. Tarn Taran,\nwas picked up by the police party in a petty crime of theft. Kept in illegal\ncustody ttll 21,07.93, he was killed along with other two when their fathers\nfailed to give the ransom money. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh_7iabnwyFid4GFVbLCZP7RM1g8Pjwk4nCI-r-0dvyL9TlbJZQQKOfBBJ_Ph_fJ1Pp8lmT-UDKPTkpBmPjfXJxHptNa6eC5TuSJiNfuUM7fpBcFSdM4On1rUKdHupOklWzv_eA4xo8nKA\/s1600\/kps+.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"201\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh_7iabnwyFid4GFVbLCZP7RM1g8Pjwk4nCI-r-0dvyL9TlbJZQQKOfBBJ_Ph_fJ1Pp8lmT-UDKPTkpBmPjfXJxHptNa6eC5TuSJiNfuUM7fpBcFSdM4On1rUKdHupOklWzv_eA4xo8nKA\/s320\/kps+.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ESandhu’s Guru the ex\nDGP KPS Gill\u003Cbr \/\u003E joins the police officers on bhog \u003Cbr \/\u003Eceremony of Sandhu: with the \u003Cbr \/\u003Ealleged\nbarbarian acts of Sandhu \u003Cbr \/\u003Eand Gill the entrie police stands \u003Cbr \/\u003Edefamed: photo Rana\nJasPal Singh.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E8. ln Ropar in Feb. 1994, Sandhu took three lakh rupees bribe\nmerely to release Shamsher Singh from illegal custody. His urban plot of land near\nthe bus stand Ropar was forcibly occupied and a forged lease deed was prepared\nin the name of his ASl. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E9.ln Feb. 1995 Sandhu was accused of abducting Rajwinder\nSingh who had given statement before the CBI regarding the abduction of his mother\nwho disappeared from the police custody in Nov 1992. His brother Amarjit Singh\nwas earlier kept in illegal custody and released after he Paid Rs. 70,000 as\nbribe. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E10. ln Sept. 1995, Jaswant Singh Khalra disappeared who had publicly\nexpressed the fear of abduction and death at the hands of Sandhu. These are\nonly random samPle cases against Ajit Singh Sandhu and expose the police system\ncreated by him.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E++++++++++++++++++\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E+++++++++++\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EBUTCHER KPS GILL WRITES TO PRIME MINISTER ON THE SUICIDE OF AJIT SINGH SANDHU\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch1\u003E\nText of K.P.S. Gill's letter to Prime \n          Minister I.K. Gujral on the death of Ajit Singh Sandhu\u003C\/h1\u003E\n\u003Cdiv id=\"test\" style=\"height: 20px; left: 110px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 10px; visibility: hidden; width: 650px; z-index: 1;\"\u003E\n\u003Cimg src=\"http:\/\/www.satp.org\/satporgtp\/Templates\/images\/back1_2_1.jpg\" height=\"5\" width=\"650\" \/\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/www.satp.org\/satporgtp\/images\/maps\/bigmap\/southasia.jpg\" height=\"370\" name=\"bigmap\" usemap=\"#MapMap\" width=\"650\" \/\u003E\u003Cmap name=\"MapMap\"\u003E\u003C\/map\u003E\n        \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv id=\"test1\" style=\"height: 16px; left: 110px; position: absolute; top: 25px; visibility: hidden; width: 650px; z-index: 1;\"\u003E\n\u003Cimg src=\"http:\/\/www.satp.org\/satporgtp\/Templates\/images\/back1_2_1.jpg\" height=\"5\" width=\"650\" \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n30th May, 1997\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNew Delhi\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nTo,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe Hon’ble Prime Minister,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGovernment of India,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nSouth Block,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNew Delhi\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003EDear Prime Minister,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E1.1 I am writing to you on my return \n          to Delhi from the funeral of SSP A.S. Sandhu. I have maintained a silence \n          on events in Punjab for over two years in the hope that the leadership \n          of the nation will do justice, now that peace has returned to the state, \n          to those brave men and women who made this peace possible. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E1.2 Recent events, however, force \n          me to speak out now; a continued silence on my part would be a betrayal \n          of trust, an abdication of responsibility. I cannot remain silent when \n          the memory of the men who sacrificed their lives under my command is \n          denigrated; and when those who have survived the greatest of dangers \n          and made immeasurable sacrifices in campaigns during a virulent proxy \n          war are subjected to an unprecedented and unprincipled inquisition.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E1.3 Men in the uniformed services \n          are bound by a rigid discipline that imposes a code of silence on them, \n          even when they are subjected to the greatest injustices. It is a measure \n          of their commitment that, despite the deepest despair among the rank \n          and file of the Punjab police, brought into dramatic focus by A.S. Sandhu’s \n          suicide, no voice has been raised in protest. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E1.4 I owe these men a debt of gratitude, \n          as I believe this entire nation does. I therefore wish to draw your \n          attention, and through you, the attention of the Minister for Home Affairs, \n          the Indian Legislature and Judiciary, to urgent and distressing realities \n          of the Punjab situation.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E2.1 You have most perceptively observed, \n          on your recent visit to the state, that the battle in Punjab was the \n          nation’s battle, and that, consequently, the entire nation must share \n          its costs. But what about those who were at the vanguard of this battle? \n          Having served the national cause, are they now simply to be forgotten? \n          Or worse, to be persecuted with impunity?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E2.2 You are known to appreciate the \n          finer nuances of Urdu poetry. Ram Prasad ‘Bismil’s’ lines can perhaps \n          best express the sentiments of the ordinary policeman of Punjab today:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E  Ham bhi bach sakte the ghar \n          pe reh kar,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n          \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003EHam ko bhi maan baap ne paala tha dukh \n          seh seh kar.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E2.3 For over a decade, to wear a \n          police uniform in the Punjab was to proclaim yourself a wilful target \n          for preferential terrorist attack. Yet thousands of men in uniform stood \n          as a bulwark of democracy against the unconstrained depredations of \n          the extremists. Thousands sacrificed their lives. Thousands of others \n          witnessed the murder of their parents, their brothers and sisters, their \n          wives and their children.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E2.4 At this time, the actions - or \n          the failure to act - of every other branch of Government demonstrated \n          their abject surrender before terrorism. But officers from these services \n          are today enjoying the fruits of peace in Punjab.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E2.5 This is an old story. Those who \n          do nothing, those who risk nothing, not only ensure their survival; \n          they equally ensure that they will return to positions of power and \n          pelf, their \"honour\" intact. But the best of men, who put \n          their lives on the line, having survived the guns of the terrorists, \n          find themselves targets of a sustained and vicious campaign of calumny, \n          of institutional hostility and State indifference.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E2.6 The ultimate irony is that the \n          instruments and institutions of democracy are, today, arrayed against \n          the very people who made democracy possible in Punjab. For those who \n          were comprehensively defeated in the battle for ‘Khalistan’, ‘public \n          interest’ litigation has become the most convenient strategy for vendetta. \n          \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E2.7 The ‘targets’ of this vendetta \n          are being denied even the basic minimum of an impartial investigation \n          and competent defence; even the uniform and equitable application of \n          peacetime laws and processes. Simultaneously, they are subjected to \n          a sustained process of ‘trial by the Press’ in which utter falsehoods \n          are reported as truths without qualification, even though the matters \n          that are written of are \u003Ci\u003Esub judice\u003C\/i\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E2.8 At the same time, the doctrine \n          of equality before law is invoked to incarcerate police officers with \n          the very terrorists they fought and protected the nation from. No thought \n          is given and no provision made for their security. These officers are \n          assaulted in jail, and no visible action is taken against their attackers. \n          \u003Cu\u003EThe State’s mechanism for investigation and litigation is disproportionately \n          focused against the police even as many of the terrorist leaders who \n          inspired and participated in some of the most heinous crimes walk free.\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E2.9 \u003Cu\u003EIt appears almost as if the \n          State is discriminating between terrorists and policemen in favour of \n          the former\u003C\/u\u003E. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E3.1 The question repeatedly asked \n          in this context is, ‘Were they any police excesses?’ Only a liar or \n          a fool would deny that random excesses occurred in a campaign of the \n          magnitude and duration of the struggle in Punjab. Wherever such excesses \n          were detected, action was inevitably taken. The real question is whether \n          a strategy of State Terrorism was adopted by the police; and the answer \n          is unequivocally in the negative.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E3.2 The evidence is visible everywhere \n          in the Punjab. The victory over terrorism was not merely a military \n          victory, it was a moral victory. Nowhere in the world has State Terrorism, \n          irrespective of how many people it killed or tortured, ever been able \n          to extinguish an ideology as completely as the idea of Khalistan has \n          been extinguished in Punjab. An idea can never be destroyed by violence. \n          Blood fuels revolution. Each police excess creates new enemies for the \n          force and for the State it represents. Police excesses of the magnitude \n          being alleged would have created an ever-widening base of support for \n          terrorism. Instead, it was the support of the people in Punjab that \n          made the decisive win over the militants a possibility. Sickened by \n          the extremists’ acts of senseless violence, it was the people who opened \n          the floodgates of information to the police. The victory over the venomous \n          advocates of Khalistan was a people’s victory. That is why there is \n          such a mood of celebration and freedom in Punjab today. Were this not \n          so, terrorism would still be an overwhelming reality in the state.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E3.3 The police strategy against terrorists \n          gave the latter four options. The first three were conventional measures \n          of response: the possibilities of arrest, flight, or armed engagement. \n          The fourth option was offered in the later phases of the campaign. The \n          terrorists were told that, if they chose surrender, they would be welcomed \n          and embraced with warmth. At first all surrenders took place in my presence \n          and in some cases in the presence of the then Chief Minister. But after \n          a while the deluge became difficult to handle, and SSPs were authorised \n          to accept surrenders. The largest number of surrenders were before SSP \n          A.S. Sandhu. And yet, he was a \"blood thirsty man\"!\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E3.4 It must, nonetheless, be recognised \n          that the situation that prevailed in Punjab for over a decade was a \n          state of war - a proxy war, perhaps; \"low intensity conflict\" \n          as others prefer to term it - but war, nonetheless. The Punjab Police \n          and various central forces were \u003Cu\u003Eengaged, not in simple law enforcement \n          activities, but a battle to retain control over large areas of the sovereign \n          territory of the Indian Union, against an utterly unscrupulous and heavily \n          armed enemy who recognised no constraints.\u003C\/u\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E4.1 It is for your government and \n          for the nation’s Parliament to debate on, and define, the appropriate \n          criteria to judge the actions of those who fought this war on behalf \n          of the Indian State and people. What you decide will have far-reaching \n          consequences for other theatres of current conflict. A great urgency \n          must attach to these initiatives, if future tragedies are to be averted. \n          A delay in addressing these issues will affect the destiny of India \n          far more than any other single decision your government may currently \n          be contemplating.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E4.2 Low intensity wars are presently \n          being fought by our forces in Kashmir, in Assam, in Manipur in Nagaland, \n          and in Tripura. India, in fact, is being subjected to a systematic and \n          sustained strategy of destabilisation from within and without, a strategy \n          that preys on every incidence of local disaffection; it is imperative \n          that we should define a systematic and proactive strategic response \n          to this challenge.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E4.3 The low intensity war that took \n          place in Punjab, and those occurring in other areas of the country today \n          reflect a pattern that can only be expected to grow in the future. Unfortunately, \n          these are still dismissed by the national leadership as ‘non-military \n          threats’ and an ill equipped Home Ministry is required to deal with \n          them. The result is that the Army is repeatedly called out in these \n          conflicts to ‘aid civil authority’. The fact is that neither the police \n          nor the army, by virtue of their basic orientation and training, are \n          properly equipped to handle these crises. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E5.1 There is another vital issue \n          that I would like to raise here. \u003Cu\u003EIn a democracy, the conduct of every \n          arm of government, every wing of the State, must be subject to review. \n          And yet, the conduct of the judiciary throughout the years of terror \n          in Punjab has completely escaped examination.\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E5.2 \u003Cu\u003EWhat is to be said of judges \n          who failed to consider overwhelming evidence of the most heinous crimes? \n          Who failed to administer justice according to the laws of the land for \n          over a decade in terrorist related cases? Even in a case as fully documented \n          as Operation Black Thunder, where the entire action was carried out \n          in full view of the media, not a single conviction was pronounced. \u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E6. I urge upon your government to \n          take up these issues urgently and seriously and to take necessary steps, \n          in combination and co-ordination with all other arms of India’s democratic \n          polity, to ensure necessary action on the following:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E6.1.1 In view of the future threat \n          potential of low intensity wars, it is crucial that a radical reformation \n          of internal security forces be initiated, creating the skills, knowledge, \n          attitudes and infrastructure necessary to confront this danger, and \n          possibly raising entirely new forces to grapple with this specific hazard.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E6.1.2 The parameters within which \n          each agency of government must respond to such challenges should also \n          be debated in detail by your government and by the legislature. The \n          powers, the range of extraordinary actions permitted in these situations, \n          and the applicable legal criteria and context of evaluation of these \n          actions - whether these are the same as those applicable in peacetime \n          or are to be akin to articles of war, or are to be redefined in terms \n          of the new category of \"low intensity wars\" - should be clearly \n          determined and suitably legislated.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E6.1.3 Until the necessary criteria \n          are sufficiently debated, defined and legislated, immediate steps should \n          be taken to ensure that the pattern of humiliation through litigation \n          and trial by the media is prevented forthwith. This trend of ‘punishment \n          before trial’ must cease immediately. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E6.1.4 Police personnel who may be \n          facing charges should be assured a fair investigation and a fair trial. \n          To this end, the State must create a fund to ensure that the best legal \n          assistance, advice and representation are made available to them. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E6.1.5 Police personnel under investigation \n          or trial should be incarcerated only if there are sufficient grounds \n          to believe they are attempting to coerce witnesses, destroy evidence, \n          or in any other way to distort the processes of justice. In every such \n          case due care must be taken to ensure their safety in jail so that the \n          unforgivable incidents of the past are not repeated.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E6.2 Lest any of this be misinterpreted \n          or misrepresented as a plea for ‘immunity’, let me state explicitly \n          that I am not asking for immunity, either for any member of the Punjab \n          Police, or for myself. But let the investigations and trials be according \n          to the laws of the land, and let the special circumstances that prevailed \n          in Punjab be taken into consideration by the statutes applied. Investigations \n          and trials should not proceed according to the processes that are being \n          improvised from day to day to implicate the police in Punjab.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E6.3 \u003Cu\u003EA Constitutional Commission \n          should be set up to examine the records of judicial processes and judgments \n          during the years of terrorism in Punjab; to identify the judicial officers \n          who failed to discharge their Constitutional obligations, and to honour \n          their oath to dispense justice without fear or favour; to determine \n          their accountability; and to take suitable action to ensure that the \n          judicial and criminal justice system does not collapse or fail ever \n          again in the face of lawlessness.\u003C\/u\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E6.4 As a corollary to the preceding \n          point, a Commission also needs to be appointed to identify officers \n          in all branches of Government and Administration who were guilty of \n          wilful and gross dereliction of duty during this period, in order to \n          ensure a system in which acts of cravenness are punished rather than, \n          as is the present case, rewarded.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003EThese steps demand the active involvement \n          and participation of the judicial and legislative wings of the State. \n          I am, therefore, taking the liberty of sending copies of this letter \n          to the Chief Justice of India, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the \n          Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003EThanking you,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003ESincerely yours,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv align=\"JUSTIFY\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003EK P S Gill\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E++++++++++++++++++++++\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003ELO \u0026amp; BEHOLD INDIA GIVES JUSTICE AFTER 21 YEARS: 5 YEAR JAIL FOR KILLERS \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EFake Encounter Case of Kuljit Singh Dhatt; Five Year Jail Each For 3 Punjab Police Officers\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;May 9, 2014\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EKuljit Singh DhattHOSHIARPUR, Punjab (May 9, 2014)—In the case of a fake encounter involving Kuljit Singh Dhatt, three Punjab police officers, Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) Basra, Jaspal Singh, and Sita Ram have been found guilty. Additional District \u0026amp; Sessions Judge Poonam R. Joshi on Friday awarded each of the trio a five years jail sentence. The main perpetrators in the case also included Ajit Singh Sandhu and Sardul Singh who have already died.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EKuljit Singh Dhatt was killed in a fake encounter by Police in 1989. He was the son-in-law of Shaheed Bhagat Singh’s sister Parkash Kaur. After finding Dhatt had been killed by Police extra judicially, Parkash Kaur made an appeal to the Supreme Court of India (SCI) against this fake encounter. SCI set up a Judicial Commission under the Chairmanship of Justice (Retd.) HL Randev on September, 9, 1990 who submitted the report in 1993.\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjJA15R1xz1E1xaeyb8VAnC4cjNbd-A56WFcKs6aAUMqLoGqnQm2_dom4IJumnimzosS-70A12reGqf9hBGSH8LL9BBOb0-xrGKH7JiC8sSQ_weuITkU39Tu7ZrFZtP4D9LAodDTpdRzJo\/s1600\/Kuljit+dhatt%27s+family.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjJA15R1xz1E1xaeyb8VAnC4cjNbd-A56WFcKs6aAUMqLoGqnQm2_dom4IJumnimzosS-70A12reGqf9hBGSH8LL9BBOb0-xrGKH7JiC8sSQ_weuITkU39Tu7ZrFZtP4D9LAodDTpdRzJo\/s1600\/Kuljit+dhatt's+family.jpg\" width=\"563\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EKuljit Dhatt's family members expressing anguish at the judgement : 5 years for a murder\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThen, a case was registered against the former Superintendent of Police (SP of Operations) Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) Basra, Station House Officer (SHO) Dasuya Jaspal Singh Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) Dasuya Ajit Singh Sandhu, SHO Tanda Sardul Singh, and Garhdiwala Police Post Incharge Sita Ram. Ajit Singh Sandhu and Sardul Singh have died, and SPS Basra, Jaspal Singh, and Sita Ram are there to face the trial.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EJaspal Singh petitioned in High Court in July 1997, against the First Information Report (FIR) filed against him and others. The case in High Court remained pending until 2009, when the family members of Kuljit Singh Dhatt again moved SCI to seeking the Justice. Then, the Apex Court directed the High Court to run the trial which began in the court of Hoshiarpur. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E________________________________________\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003Ewww.tribuneindia.com dated 11-12-2015\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiSLFIi2cnNegoeOfNJ28NB6rCZ-s43yfCcxPUzMyK9ISkL38w-cw2Wlmut4B2xE2JP5Dtk08F55THQUcNkSs7pNOtpIg0_Yq8foEd7LBM9C2HAS5WqAxqPWgZW0w2dFWQ1QPq-1JD1wAg\/s1600\/Jeeta+Sandhu.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiSLFIi2cnNegoeOfNJ28NB6rCZ-s43yfCcxPUzMyK9ISkL38w-cw2Wlmut4B2xE2JP5Dtk08F55THQUcNkSs7pNOtpIg0_Yq8foEd7LBM9C2HAS5WqAxqPWgZW0w2dFWQ1QPq-1JD1wAg\/s640\/Jeeta+Sandhu.jpg\" width=\"144\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: x-small;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/8451904425548233931\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/ajit-singh-sandhu-criminal-in-police.html#comment-form","title":"10 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/8451904425548233931"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/8451904425548233931"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/ajit-singh-sandhu-criminal-in-police.html","title":"AJIT SINGH SANDHU -A CRIMINAL IN POLICE UNIFORM"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi1C0vhI7rWY6rqB78jjof0ihPO4pE2a1O-26zCLKAu29otJokYf8Gz78BluCXEwxOxifko2S6YTjN5qLGjGDwhdjeIzvPBDagA1uZjwKMY8yaszR3ZiuaagOeVbWXqNwRudrxzBq1h758\/s72-c\/46.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"10"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-5572719614531953162"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-04T01:23:00.001-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-06-05T07:21:05.345-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"2"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"WAVELL’S STUPID SIKHS"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Revision\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\nWAVELL’S STUPID SIKHS\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\nPoor Sikh Leaders at Partition i.e 1947\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/05\/failure-of-akalis-in-1947-in-punjabi.html\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;Also read article in Punjabi \u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiQ72xLbT_-_InCE6QHG8qmgD3T3YxQA_to1tIuSXG37Hh1ropa9kM1be78EPuQ8Cycgeie0PIF2cx3LJnXwdUKiYwd1RRj9KIugBJn1BfLEU9o-dz_4kwg2axw01dcY_d6RxXGD8Wa64s\/s1600\/14.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiQ72xLbT_-_InCE6QHG8qmgD3T3YxQA_to1tIuSXG37Hh1ropa9kM1be78EPuQ8Cycgeie0PIF2cx3LJnXwdUKiYwd1RRj9KIugBJn1BfLEU9o-dz_4kwg2axw01dcY_d6RxXGD8Wa64s\/s320\/14.jpg\" height=\"320\" width=\"316\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E1947 SAW THE LARGEST EVER MIGRATION OF HUMAN HISTORY\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n(OCR (machine) typing \u003Cb\u003EE\u0026amp;OE)\u003C\/b\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEj2qlDB7Pvhde7MgpIcrvpcocI9y1NDfUp7Awt5bLpJVoc8szum1rB_tkU12XcmI75wLHpSQ_v95E7FBCczzMWM3LFZcT-OT_sud72ajeDzaTcWHM03aT-sXbW5ytO1LMQwQxrpmuUfXkc\/s1600\/14b.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEj2qlDB7Pvhde7MgpIcrvpcocI9y1NDfUp7Awt5bLpJVoc8szum1rB_tkU12XcmI75wLHpSQ_v95E7FBCczzMWM3LFZcT-OT_sud72ajeDzaTcWHM03aT-sXbW5ytO1LMQwQxrpmuUfXkc\/s320\/14b.jpg\" height=\"300\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003ENEHRU After independence when Nehru's attention \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nwas drawn to\npromises Congress had made \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nTo Srkhs he politely said, \"Now the rcumstances\nare changed. \"\u003C\/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nWithout any qualm it can be accepted that the Sikhs are one\nof the most enterprising and mobile nations with myriad qualities. They have\nexcelled in the realms of agriculture, army, education, medicine, engineering,\nbusiness and industry. B.S.Goraya in an in-depth study of the partition process\nhas focused on leaders who were at the helm of Sikh affairs at that crucial\nturn in history. The writer has tangible evidence to corroborate blatant\nnaivety of the Sikh leaders and dissembles political handling of grim issues by\nthem using very harsh but justified adjectives. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n1947 was the year when vultures had devoured with great\nrelish a rare meal, the human flesh. Bearing brawny human bones in their lusty\njaws, dogs roamed freely in the land of five rivers. Punjabi blood deluged the gutters\nof Lahore and Amritsar. This year of madness witnessed the largest ever\nmigration in human history. The magnitude of the massacre and its brutality can\nbe judged from the fact that the modesty of over 2 lac Punjabi women was\ndefiled. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nWe have' enjoyed the fruits of freedom for half a century\nnow. On their part the Sikhs have excessively paid the price for 'freedom'. The\nSikhs lost nearly 2 lacs community members and were deprived of their large estates,\nfarms, spacious havelis and even. hearths. And yet after independence they were\nlost in the noisy slogans of 'Punjabi-Suba Zindabad'. The world at large failed\nto grasp what the Sikhs were doing.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiok3Z0XSordhteIaDk18vBj__BKY0NNlKtBbh1KbHDvVqILutrxtClhg31mqhoDLsqcF792795gX66qnuTcreHwJ9yYIP_J_dCE20KtDajpzUhhvAmwb4w4Kh10gv4Z52yXbrWhi6MFiQ\/s1600\/15b.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiok3Z0XSordhteIaDk18vBj__BKY0NNlKtBbh1KbHDvVqILutrxtClhg31mqhoDLsqcF792795gX66qnuTcreHwJ9yYIP_J_dCE20KtDajpzUhhvAmwb4w4Kh10gv4Z52yXbrWhi6MFiQ\/s320\/15b.jpg\" height=\"320\" width=\"292\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EA close \" study of activities of the Sikh politics i from\n1940 to 1947 exposes the self contradictory approach of the Sikh leaders who\nlacked political skill,\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Estatesmanship\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eand\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ediplomacy.\nNone of the accepted Sikh leader was a politician in the real sense of the\nword. Master Tara Singh, who ruled over the Sikh mind from 1925 to his death in\n1967 had later confessed that he was not a politician but a religious leader.lt\nis a hard fact that he was no match for Mahatma Gandhi, Jinnah, Nehru and Patel.\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nDue to their undiplomatic and tactless moves the Sikh leaders\nmade enemies every where. They made the National Congress suspicious of them as\ntime and again they branded it a fanatic Hindu party. At times they excelled\neven Jinnah and other Muslim leaguers in their criticism of the Congress. While\nat the same time the Akalis pledged an un-qualified dedication to its policies\nand programmes. The Akalis once went to the extent of saying that the Congress\nwas like the eleventh Guru for them.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiyGpAkJ1IBkditIeiEtJxlKZ6NnUfnEyr2N4yUt5It2v3TgltPpJce0umAuBR6T4b8Kvc-RwdWg9e9T405-V-h8gPv48rq5Zm2nA9MX9iSF02MDR_uK3OsFiVDbaawG5YpP8sUjJMqMus\/s1600\/15.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiyGpAkJ1IBkditIeiEtJxlKZ6NnUfnEyr2N4yUt5It2v3TgltPpJce0umAuBR6T4b8Kvc-RwdWg9e9T405-V-h8gPv48rq5Zm2nA9MX9iSF02MDR_uK3OsFiVDbaawG5YpP8sUjJMqMus\/s320\/15.jpg\" height=\"320\" width=\"220\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EThe Akali antagonism towards Muslims and British is too well\nknown which hardly need any elaboration. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nBy the commencement of World War II, it had become clear\nthat the Indian independence was in the offing and only a formal date was to be\nannounced. It is a well known fact that the British in the latter years of\ntheir rule had demonstrated their mellifluous and benevolent attitude towards\nthe Sikhs keeping in view the Sikh role in the British war effort. On various occasions\nthe English leaders and Officers viz, Cripps, Moon, Short etc. had advised the\nSikh leaders to initiate dialogues between the Congress as well as League,\nsecure maximum leverage in the bargain and finally align with the party which\npromised them of maximum, minority provisions. The Sikhs however ignored the\nadvice. In fact, The Sikh leader at the centre Baldev Singh, spitted on the\nBritish hint of a Sikh state. While at the same time\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ethey offered Sikh, youth for recruitment in\nthe military during war. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nMany a resolution in favour of a Sikh state (Khalistan) were\npassed and surprisingly in this effort even Congressite Sikhs were associated.\nIn fact, these moves by the Sikhs were to neutralise the Muslim demand for Pakistan.\nNevertheless they failed to convince or take into confidence the Punjabi Hindus\nand the Congress. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nln the pre Partition era the Sikh political parties or\ngroups of some prominence were (a) Khalsa National \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EParty, the political wing of Chief Khalsa Dewan,\nfounded by Sir Sunder Singh Majithia. It virtually vanished with the death of\nMajithia in 1941, (b) The pro Congress Central Akali Dal of Baba Kharag Singh\n(1867-1963), (c) The Sikhs in the Congress like Partap Singh Kairon, Swarn\nSingh etc. (d) Communists like Teja Singh Swatantar and Sohan singh Josh, and\n(e) the most important party of the Sikhs the Shromani Akali Dal led by Master\nTara Singh. lts other important leaders were Giani Kartar Singh, Baldev Singh,\nlshar Singh Majhail, Udham Singh Nagoke etc. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhHMWVyU2O113r-VdJpX0KqYjmMGbMmuooig3S_yky4DBVUPwFVeobnFxxi8HME-UTcLE1BjlR8vkKP3VlxR3HnfS_k27n9z7hARWT2l9Wz61sH9fCv0uSC3AvNLMsL1SWLXDrHM9PPz_o\/s1600\/16b.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhHMWVyU2O113r-VdJpX0KqYjmMGbMmuooig3S_yky4DBVUPwFVeobnFxxi8HME-UTcLE1BjlR8vkKP3VlxR3HnfS_k27n9z7hARWT2l9Wz61sH9fCv0uSC3AvNLMsL1SWLXDrHM9PPz_o\/s400\/16b.jpg\" height=\"400\" width=\"105\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EMaster Tara Singh who\ndominated the Sikh politics at that time, fully understood the pulse, of the\nAkali leaders and workers and was their best manager.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EMuslim League passed\nthe Pakistan resolution in Lahore on March\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003E23,'1940 which meant that the whole of undivided Punjab was to be a\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Epart of Pakistan. Had Pakistan been finally\nformed in accordance with the Lahore Resolution, the Muslims would have enjoyed\na slender majority only (i.e 53%, Hindus 30% and the Sikhs 14%) as far as the\nPunjab was concerned. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nWhile the Congress initially did not take the resolution\nseriously the Sikhs were 'shocked' by it. Master said that the resolution meant\n'striking of a civil war' and \"to realise it the Muslims will have to\ncross an ocean of Sikh blood\" etc. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nIt appears that the Sikhs did not give a serious thought to\nsuch developments and their outcries were more emotional in nature than any strategic\ndiplomatic move. Master accused Congress of having bowed before the Muslim\nobstinacy (zid) He further declared that in matters relating to Pakistan and\nother communal issues the Sikhs would henceforth decide for themselves. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe Congressite Sikhs dubbed the Akalis approach as communal\nand anti-national. They felt Akali's strong opposition to communal award and Pakistan\nwas ridiculous, The Akalis reacted sharply to the Congress reaction and\ncautioned the Sikhs not to rely on any one's sword but to improve their own\nstrength so that no one i.e. Congress can betray them later. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe Congress further insisted that the 'Pakistan' whatever\nit may\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Emean, could not be worse than the\nforeign domination and the Pakistan was the 'price of freedom' they will\nperhaps have to pay. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiX-RoifPbeI3OAM4ABgAUr-W4ZPkhGB1J0F7Y67_7-uPeVxH85f_g1pACtra5FwznUQItS4TSpGcz3viPDrumC1bOjtQFCROY1AxUt2Iusl17Lvm7QI9KAcchbt2sRVdv1jjS2kX2uvr4\/s1600\/16.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiX-RoifPbeI3OAM4ABgAUr-W4ZPkhGB1J0F7Y67_7-uPeVxH85f_g1pACtra5FwznUQItS4TSpGcz3viPDrumC1bOjtQFCROY1AxUt2Iusl17Lvm7QI9KAcchbt2sRVdv1jjS2kX2uvr4\/s320\/16.jpg\" height=\"320\" width=\"272\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EAdd caption\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nOn March 22 \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E1942 Cripps\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EMission arrived in India. The Sikh delegation\ncomprising of Baldev Singh, Master Tara Singh, Joginder Singh, Ujjal Singh and\nMohan Singh met Cripps and demanded preservation of Indian unity and integrity.\nThey also demanded creation of a new province called 'Azad Puniab' comprising\nof Jalandhar and Ambala divisions plus three districts of Lahore, Gurdaspur and\nAmritsar by taking out Muslim majority Divisions. Azad Punjab they said would\nhave 63% Non-muslims and 37% Muslims. While the remaining part of the Punjab would\nhave 77% Muslims and 23% Non-muslims. The demand was later ridiculed by the\nHindus and other Sikh parties. The Hindus alleged that it was a demand tor\nKhalistan under the misleading name of 'Azad Punjab'. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe fantastic feature of the proposed 'Azad Punjab' was that\nit bisected the Sikh community into 2 parts. The Azad Punjab area covered 61% of\nthe Sikh population while the 39% were to be left in the West Punjab at the mercy\nof the Muslims. It is ridiculous that the Azad Punjab demand included areas\nwith scant Sikh .population like Gurgaon (O.O7% Sikhs), Rohtak (0.15%), Karnal\n(2%), Kangra (0.53%) while it excluded Shekhupura with '18.8%, Lyalpur\n(18:82%), Syalkot (11 .71%), Gujranwala (10.87%) and Rawaipindi having (8.17%),\nSikhs. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe Akalis thus themselves sowed the seed of vivisection of\ntheir own community. Surprisingly, Azad Punjab was the idea of Giani Kartar. Singh\nwho was known as the 'Brain of the Sikhs', and was second in,' command ,in Akali\nDal and after independence defected to Congress. According to some sources the\n'Azad Punjab' scheme was conceived by S. Ujjal Singh the Ex-governor. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhdUHnurTvc6bLqxcwrhuCNpwvl9yi8uHZcm8FqrsA5T1vm37mTzVKlMG0sjrM6_K91yicJkMp3UgsN_ny6Nk9Q-bvTL1NQQ-5dhdVeMZaJWCgFdFz15x-t3FpSNlrFBCQ7f6zspja6MMY\/s1600\/17.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhdUHnurTvc6bLqxcwrhuCNpwvl9yi8uHZcm8FqrsA5T1vm37mTzVKlMG0sjrM6_K91yicJkMp3UgsN_ny6Nk9Q-bvTL1NQQ-5dhdVeMZaJWCgFdFz15x-t3FpSNlrFBCQ7f6zspja6MMY\/s320\/17.jpg\" height=\"310\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003ELEADERS AT THE FAMOUS SIMLA CONFERECNE\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nJINNAH, KRIPLANI, LIAQUAT, MAULANA.\u003C\/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe Akalis agitated for Azad Punjab for about 2-3 years and\nlatter abandoned the demand. Though Master wrote a book on Azad Puniab, challenging\nits opponents and Hindus to prove how the demand went against them.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EMaster who was highly\nbiased against the Mohammedans, was not prepared for a dialogue with, them and gave\nfalse statements after the Partition\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ewas\nover causing much loss to mankind. At one point, he blamed Hindus,\n\"Punjabi Hindus turned down a good proposal of Jinnah. About 25% of\nPunjabi Hindu and some Sikh leaders were in Birla\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EHouse while Jinnah was at his Aurangzeb Road\nbungalow, Delhi. Raja Maheshwar Dyal met us and would take our messages to Jinnah.\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThrough these messages we reached at an accord with Jinnah.\nThe understanding arrived at was that the areas with more than 65% Muslim population\nwould form a Part of Pakistan. According to this proposal, our boundary would\nhave gone beyond river Ravi, though it did not reach Chenab. We were to get\nLahore, Syalkot, Gujranwala, most Part of Shekhupura and some parts of Lyallpur\nand Montgomery too.'\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgAUBsKNTffY_jFzdDzTVupCfD6tKuy3qsCfFHeN8_s9p-P8IBYCqlYrizY_QBgOWh97oCCt2ElQ87Ryz8QUFESoIuDxi71AL8EPXdqPt-YhjUGlHoKAYwANVTbfNuULWZ_5yIC7xPeoEs\/s1600\/18.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgAUBsKNTffY_jFzdDzTVupCfD6tKuy3qsCfFHeN8_s9p-P8IBYCqlYrizY_QBgOWh97oCCt2ElQ87Ryz8QUFESoIuDxi71AL8EPXdqPt-YhjUGlHoKAYwANVTbfNuULWZ_5yIC7xPeoEs\/s320\/18.jpg\" height=\"293\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nVlhy should they stand belore a Ferangi- Baldev,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nMaster,Jogendra\nand other wfuh Cripps.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nSir Stafford Cripps, \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EPathic Lawrence,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nA. V Alexander with Viceroy\nLord Wavell\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nSir Goerge Abell behind Wavell.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\"After it was verbally agreed, it was then decided to\nreduce it into writing. Thereafter Ganesh Datt along with another gentleman\njoined us and turned down the proposal immediately. It was lost not because of\nJinnah but because of our own side.' \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nAs a matter of fact Master was merely shifting the blame as\nhe himself was not prepared for a dialogue with Muslim leaders and had lost\nseveral opportunities. On one occasion in 1947, Master was persuaded by Sikh Student\nFederation to have talk with Jinnah at 11 am in some bungalow in Lahore. Master\nhowever reached at 10 am and before the arrival of Jinnah he left the bungalow\nthrough a back door. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nHarcharan Singh Bajwa, an Akali who later defected to\nCongress after ‘freedom’ claimed that it was he who persuaded Master not to\nhave talks with Jinnah and as such he helped to avert the formation of\nKhalistan. Late Kapoor Singh the sacked l.C.S. officer narrates one more\nincidence of a meeting of Sikh leaders at Lahore where a letter listing the\nconditions for Khalistan within Pakistan was drafted lor consideration by Jinnah.\nThe Sikh leaders decided that such an important letter should not be sent by\nPost and rather some responsible person should go to Delhi to deliver the\nletter. Choice fell on Dr. Gopal Singh, who instead of taking the letter to\nJinnah went straight away to Nehru and handed over that letter to him. Nehru,\nin the sixties once hinted about that letter alleging that Master had been\nhobnobbing with the League before the dawn of independence. It is possible that\nas a reward for the patriotism shown by late Gopal Singh he was all his life\nkept comfortable by way of assignments as (1) nomination for Rajya Sabha (b)\nAmbassador (3) Member Minority Commission (4) Chairman Minority Commission\n(5)Governor etc. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhK1pJ3ygYqwc0wFmuOspcxSWl9h5CKLyeFBy8DpvOXXYlxwqmzyQjXxGB492lIKBdgZE73Rph5lgHL7HvU1Pg0QZHwVBp64yOnSofwn3tzv6aqF5EtSsFEphlUwrBeg-OO0N2EjuF9ln0\/s1600\/17b.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhK1pJ3ygYqwc0wFmuOspcxSWl9h5CKLyeFBy8DpvOXXYlxwqmzyQjXxGB492lIKBdgZE73Rph5lgHL7HvU1Pg0QZHwVBp64yOnSofwn3tzv6aqF5EtSsFEphlUwrBeg-OO0N2EjuF9ln0\/s320\/17b.jpg\" height=\"320\" width=\"259\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003Eln this way\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EJinnah\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ewas\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003Ehumiliated on many such occasions.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eln his ailicle in the\nIndian Express of Nov. 12, 1981 , H.S. Mallick (lCS), the Ex-Prime minister of Patiala\nestate recalled how a meeting of Maharaja Patiala, Master and Giani Kartar\nSingh with Jinnah was held at the residence of his brother Teja Singh in New\nDelhi. He recalled how Jinnah was more than generous and agreed to our\nvirtually impossible conditions. There after\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003EMallick writes : \"l went and saw Mr. U.M. Sen and said, \"My\ndear friend, I have never asked you to do anything for me. But today I have a\nrequest to make, a very important request. I then told him about the meeting\nwith Jinnah. The next day, the Statesman carried the headline in bold letter '\nTHE SIKHS WILL UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES ACCEPT PAKISTAN'. That was our answer to\nJinnah. We could have Khalistan if we wanted as that was what Jinnah really\nhinted at, because he new fully well that we could never agree to live in\nPakistan. That was the price he was offering us to agree to the formation of\nPakistan.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhgyjskqbj-mTWeuSOibrYcqmdgZt0fibxChqT5JoNaXUWamBQd76kWWUBFKdFPzbzmrBb3TnkSExPtLobDT7poYhdiFIehyphenhyphen2jxhmOUGkWjNvH1BVjtxf3GTncwE6sj3xtIeC40R5l8JAQ\/s1600\/18b.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhgyjskqbj-mTWeuSOibrYcqmdgZt0fibxChqT5JoNaXUWamBQd76kWWUBFKdFPzbzmrBb3TnkSExPtLobDT7poYhdiFIehyphenhyphen2jxhmOUGkWjNvH1BVjtxf3GTncwE6sj3xtIeC40R5l8JAQ\/s320\/18b.jpg\" height=\"276\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EMallick says that 'We issued the press statement to avoid\nany false propaganda that might be created to give a false colour to Sikh\nleaders.\"\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAkali Dal as we have\nseen was a very confused lot. The Pak demand had caught momentum. ToP Akali\nleaders were in the grip of Baldev Singh -the son of an industrialist and was\nregularly remitting, some sort of remunerations to the Sikh leaders. He also\ngave liberal donations to Akali Dal. In turn Baldev Singh was in the grip of\nCongress leaders like Patel and Nehru. As such indirectly the Congress\ncontrolled Akali Dal through Baldev. Top Akali leaders were put to embarrassment\nwhen ever they had to pass any resolutions against the Congress under the\npressure of their own cadres. This was the reason why several resolutions\npassed under the pressure of masses were not later persuaded or implemented.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjAjdYCPPxOGh1ZqmT5YFz28N-u8sOXQvW0QSnBi8u0D5WkHz6PoyNg35gI8UkBifQisnMvBS70LywJlu9FVCvhF0Of79nbZyH9BhCtTfnZn01jWHl8J7tQaYisFewMYA4_JSYtYPKX9JE\/s1600\/19B.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjAjdYCPPxOGh1ZqmT5YFz28N-u8sOXQvW0QSnBi8u0D5WkHz6PoyNg35gI8UkBifQisnMvBS70LywJlu9FVCvhF0Of79nbZyH9BhCtTfnZn01jWHl8J7tQaYisFewMYA4_JSYtYPKX9JE\/s320\/19B.jpg\" height=\"320\" width=\"215\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EMaster, too in those days said that the Sikhs do not\nidentify with the Congress though in so far as the Congress favoured India's\nfreedom they were in sympathy with it. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAn all party Sikh\nconference was held in Amritsar in Aug. 1944 which passed a resolution for the\nestablishment of Khalistan and authorised Master to appoint a committee to go\ninto its detailed implications.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;Master did not deliberately pursue the minutes of this all\nparty conference and the committee issue was consigned to some cold storage. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E(This is a clear cut examples of Master’s betrayal\nof Sikh aspirations.) The Akali workers and leaders had perhaps no courage or\nmind to question Master-for his willful non-compliance. In the same Amritsar\nConference Master declared that the Sikhs were a nation and should not be made\nslaves of\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EPakistan or Hindustan. Giani also\ngave a very hard speech and said that no appeal should be made to the Sikhs\nin\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ethe name of India.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe Shromani\nGurudwara Prabandak Committee on March 9,\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003E1946 passed a resolution for Khalistan urging the Sikh masses to strive\nand agitate for its accomplishment. It said that the Sikhs are fully qualified\nas a nation. 'It regretted that a certain disinformation campaign has been\nlaunched declaring the Sikhs as a branch of the tree called Hindgism. Interestingly\neven Partap Singh Kairon was also a member of SGPC when this resolution was\npassed. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe Akalis also submitted a memorandum to the Sapru\nCommittee demanding creation of Khalistan if the Pakistan was to be conceded.\nSignatories to this demand included Master, Giani, Swarn Singh, Prince Jodh\nSingh, Ujjal Singh and lshar Singh Majhail.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhQIcR2tYPgQYaKpZ8Nzdn81u27kcCz1K59if7sqCtcUPiFIYtkFIdcZO8Fez19fFYqTmmS_kN3vGLksh2p5CH8GtUfNDpjHwzAmzP6tR7ozcVjnUU4aJmDjIWyDMo00Rc7SCf6jlZPQzA\/s1600\/19.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhQIcR2tYPgQYaKpZ8Nzdn81u27kcCz1K59if7sqCtcUPiFIYtkFIdcZO8Fez19fFYqTmmS_kN3vGLksh2p5CH8GtUfNDpjHwzAmzP6tR7ozcVjnUU4aJmDjIWyDMo00Rc7SCf6jlZPQzA\/s320\/19.jpg\" height=\"265\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EAdd caption\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EThe above goal was\nlater officially adopted through a resolution on March 22, 1946 by the\nExecutive Committee of the Akali Dal which stated, \"The entity of the\nSikhs is being threatened on account of the persistent demand of Pakistan on\nthe one hand and of the danger of absorption by the Hindus on the other, the\ncommittee demands for the preservation and protection of the religious,\ncultural, and economic and political rights of the Sikh nation, the creation of\na Sikh state which would include a substantial majority -of the Sikh population\nand their sacred shrines and historical gurudwaras with\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eprovision for the transfer and exchange of\npopulation and property\".\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ESpeaking from Sikh\nplatforms, Master criticised Muslims and Hindus alike. He frequently said,\n\"Association with Muslims was like contracting\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003ECholera disease where the death is quick while\nwith Hindus its T.B, where the death is relatively slow' (History shows, he\npreferred Cyanide of partition instead, massacring about 2 lack Sikhs instantly\nplus contracting of \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ET.B. as he claimed).\nMaster did not trust anyone and would say how could Sikhs have anything common\nwith the Muslims who killed four sons of the Guru. About Hindus, he would say they\nare bent upon absorbing the Sikhs.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EKapoor Singh, once\ntold him that inspite of the killing of his family, Guru Gobind Singh was ready\nfor a dialogue with Aurangzeb while Master was evading it. He said, it is with\nMuslims that the Sikhism flourishes because whenever there is a collision\nbetween Islam and Hinduism, Sikhism gains.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eln the light of the\nabove developments in April 1946, Nehru accused Master of \"sitting at one\nand the same time, on 15 stools\". Master retorted that he did not need a\npermit from Nehru to see Jinnah or anybody else and that he intended to secure\nindependent position for the Sikhs. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nAccording to Durlabh Singh, thereafter processions of Sikh\nand Muslim students were organised raising slogans for Pakistan and Khalistan\nbut\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\"death to Congress\".\nCongress leaders were condemned from the Gurudwara platforms. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nSimilar ups and downs had been going on in the Akalis\nrelations with the Congress. In 1940, Mahatma Gandhi wrote to Master' You have\nnothing in common with the Congreess. You believe in the rule of sword, the\nCongress does not.'\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EEarlier the same\nMaster had pledged for the unity of India when he attended the Akhand Hindustan\nConference at Ludhiana on Nov. 2, '1941. Similar Hindu and Sikhs conferences\norganised by Hindu Mahasabha were held in Lahore and Amritsar. H.S. Dilgir (now\na pro-India writer) believes such conferences were aimed to keep the Sikhs away\nfrom the idea of the Khalistan and support to Pakistan.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe Akalis were busy\nin passing resolutions after resolutions. Sometimes for Azad Punjab, Sikh\nState, Sikhistan, Unity and Integrity of India and condemning Pakistan etc.\nSuch resolutions were passed atleast on June 7 1949, Aug. 15 1943, Jan.23 1944,\nMarch '18 1944, April 23 1944,\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EAug.6\n1944 and Aug. 20 1944. On every occasion they would Pass a fresh resolution in\nfavour of Sikh state in complete disregard of the earlier ones. More often than\nnot their resolutions were contradictory. Central Akali Dal (CAD) of Baba\nKharag Slngh was also quite active. The CAD though pursued independent policy\nbut was more inclined to Congress than the Akali Dal. They took a concealed\nstand and vehemently opposed the Azad Punjab demand in which they envisaged the\ndivision of the Sikhs.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAn All Party Sikh\nconference was held on Sept. 24, 1944 which voiced their deep concern over the\npossible formation of Muslim Govt in Lahore. The following day Gandhi- Jinnah\ntalks were held at the residence of Gandhi and the Sikhs courted arrest against\nsuch talks. The bankrupcy of their wit again demonstrated.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg6GnEVuR-UVKgST19OTOyOLWmmxV0o1c3x_wg-_K1gobYYWxB_U67jYApOdrYhRv9_fggpG9pdxnxdUdnKE1y51NnhTeQ0HqxaRD4zOPL45nOP1UQD_nMPVsGz7HVnJ6JHV6D3mDGKIPA\/s1600\/20.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg6GnEVuR-UVKgST19OTOyOLWmmxV0o1c3x_wg-_K1gobYYWxB_U67jYApOdrYhRv9_fggpG9pdxnxdUdnKE1y51NnhTeQ0HqxaRD4zOPL45nOP1UQD_nMPVsGz7HVnJ6JHV6D3mDGKIPA\/s320\/20.jpg\" height=\"320\" width=\"161\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EIn the Oct. 14, 1944\nLahore Conference of Akali Dal the main slogan was \"Beware of Russian\nAgents\" Master said in his speech that the Sikhs were facing danger f rom\n(1) Communists (2) The English' (3) Gandhi (4) Jinnah. Interestingly the\nCommunists in those days supported the Pakistan demand and advocated Khalistan.\nBooklets in support of Khalistan were also published by the Communists like G. Adhikari.\nIn complete disregard of allt he resolutions that his party had passed, Master\nwarned the concerned parties, \"We have not yet finally decided for\nKhalistan and as such our doors are still open for discussions.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EOn Nov. 24, 1944\nJinnah said in Delhi, \"Pakistan is now a reality and no power of the world\ncan stop it. Advising the Sikhs he said, 'Why don't you demand Khalistan\ninstead of opposing Pakistan.' \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nSurely Pakistan had by then become a mass movement. The\nHindu press gave it maximum publicity. The British Govt did little to\ndiscourage it, rather they advertently promoted it as they lost little in its\nrealisation. The Congress had already acquiesced to it through the famous\nRajaji Formula. Despite all this the Sikhs had not awakened to the situation. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThE Akali Conference of Jan. 8, 1945 resolved that the Sikhs\nhad always been with the Congress and will ever remain with it. Exactly in\nthese days only the Congress issued a whP to, its Sikh member Mangal Singh that\nhe will not ask any question pertaining to the Sikhs in the Central Assembly. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nNo doubt committed to the Sikh cause Master was not prepared\nfor any settlement over which the Hindus had even a slight hitch. The Student\nFederation people would therefore call him'the Hindu Putra'.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EOn July 15, 1945, he\nsaid, \"l will oppose the Pakistan even if ,l have to face civil war. If\nJinnah wants Pakistan he will have to concede Khalistan in the Punjab.\n\"H.S. Dilgir (the self styled national professor ol Sikhism) complains\nthat Master did not demand Khalistan and was bent upon pleasing the Congress\nHindus. Says Dilgir, \"The army of the lions was lead by donkeys as their\ngenerals.' \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nOn Augusl 24, 1945 Sardar Patel reiterated the Congress\npledge of 1929 that the free India will not accept any such constitution which.\nis not acceptable to the Sikhs.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eln a Sikh conference\nof Oct, 2, 1944 the cry over Khalistan was once again raised as, \"Gandhi\nwas bent upon betraying the Sikhs\". Speaking at Peshawar on Jan\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E2, 1944, Master said, \"We want\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eindependence and honourable existence; The\nHindus are determined I to keep both Sikhs and Muslims under I their thumb and\nto keep the Sikhs in t confusion. \"Dr. Gurmit Singh a noted Sikh historian\nhas remarked that in spite of all these statements which contradicted his\nactions, Master faithfully toed the Congress approach. Master though at times\nwould announce at Sikh meetings that there is going to be Hindu Raj after the\nBritish .Raj yet he did little to secure the Sikh position. He preferred Hindu\nRaj to British Raj but said that under no circumstances could he tolerate the\n'Muslim Raj' whatever amount of minority protection clauses they promised. He\nwas favourably disposed towards Hindus till his first arrest in\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Efree India at Narela in 1948. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EC. Rajagopalachari\nrevealed in 1964 that he had duly cautioned Master in the year 1946 that they\n(Sikhs) would not get anything at the hands of the Congress after the\nindependence was achieved and whatever the Sikh objectives they should get\nthrough negotiations with the League and the British. As noted earlier \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Esimilar advice from the English leader like Cripps,\nMoon, Short, Wavell etc. had been ignored by them. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ELater in the\nelections of winter of 1945-46 the Muslim League came out to be the largest\nparty with 74 seats out of l75 while the Congress secured 51 , Akalis 23 and\nthe Unionist Party the ruling party was marginalised with only 21 seats while\nin the outgoing Assembly their strength was 90. Ignoring the verdict and the\nwishes of masses the Akalis and, Congress preferred an unholy alliance with the\nUnionist Party and supported it to form\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003Ethe Govt at Lahore. The situation was identical with the present day\nforming of Govt by Janta Dal with ine support of parties with different hues\nand colours while BJP the majority party has been prevented from forming the\nGovt. The League took the issue to streets warning the Muslim masses\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ehow their verdict was not being honoured by\nthe Hindus and the Sikhs. The Muslim mind felt agitated, aggrieved and\ndiscriminated against. And the spate of murders what the world later witnessed\nwas the result of hatred generated by the League workers and leaders.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe Leaguers later\ngot a tremendous pressure mounted on the Unionist people that the Premier Mr.\nKhijar Hyat Tiwana had to resign despite the\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003Ecommitted support from Congress and the Akalis to his Govt. It is said\nit was Tiwana's mother who persuaded him to resign as where ever she went, she\nfound people hurling abuses on the Unionist leaders, branding them as traitors.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAt the fall of the\nUnionist Govt. the League was next to be invited by the Governor to form\ngovernment at\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003ELahore. On the evening ol\nMarch 3, 1947 itself the Sikhs and Hindus gathered in a large number. In this\nconference Master was accepted as their common leader. Provocative speeches were\ndelivered. A sword as usual in his hand, Master thundered:- \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\"Aye Sikhs and Hindus get\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eready for sacrifices. Our motherland demands\nblood. Get ready for it. Bravo if we can get independence from the English what\nworth are these 'Muslims ? The Muslims had snatched rule from the Hindus which\nthe Sikhs snatched in turn. Now again we will rule. I hereby sound the bugle\n(of war) Finish the Muslim League;' \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nNext day, a joint procession of Hindus and Sikh students was\ntaken out in Lahore and on the same day a - Hindu-Sikh conference was held at\nAmritsar. Provocative speeches of the Sikh leaders ignited the spark of senseless\nmurders everywhere. Muslim murderous thugs moved with biggest drama. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nSir Evan Jenkins, the Governor of Punjab took a notice of\nthe prevailing law and order situation and refused to invite Muslim League\nparty to form the Govt. Master came out a victorious man while the losers were\nthe Punjabi masses who became thirsty for each others blood. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nAnalysts believe, it was the biggest blunder by Master. Had\nthe\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eleague formed govt. they would l nave\nthen taken the responsibility to maintain law and order rather than disrupt it\nas they really did. If the league was in Power, the\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EMuslim sympathy with them would have eroded\nto some extent and the Punjab would not have seen\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ethe massacre it did. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe British were\nattempting\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ethrough all possible feelers\nto persuade Sikh leaders to demand Khalistan. A graphic account of such moves\nis given by Kapoor\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003ESingh. One such hint\ncame through\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EShivdev Singh Oberai,\nmember of the Privy Council who sent his son from London to Punjab to convey to\nthe Sikh leaders.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EA similar feeler was\nsent through Sir Jogendra Singh the member of Central Assembly during the days\nof arrival of Cabinet Mission. Jogendra invited Akali leaders to Delhi who in\nturn scolded Jogendra. Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala who was to\nparticipate in the 2nd Round Table\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003EConference, confided with some Sikhs that if he was authorised, he could\ntalk to the Britishers on behalf of the Sikhs and would surely return with\nsomething big for the Sikhs. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nStung by the snake of jealousy, Master the Akali leader\nrefused to authorise the Maharaja to talk on behalf of the Sikhs and as such\none more opportunity was lost. The British had not deliberately invited Master\nto London. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nOn a similar important occassion, when Dr. B. R. Ambedkar\nwas almost prepared to embrace Sikhism along with his 6 crore Dalit followers\nhe was prevented by Master's men. Several analysts and people close to Master concluded\nthat the Master did it because had Ambedkar joined Sikhism, there was a danger\nto Master's leadership. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nAfter independence with the change of masters the leaders\nchanged their colours. Every leader was trying to project himself as the\nsaviour of Indian integrity. In this category fell Swarn Singh, Gopal Singh\nDardi, Giani Kartar Singh, Kairon and Nagoke. Master who had by then attained\nthe dubious role by his contradictory stands claims \"IT WAS HE WHO PREVENTED\nESTABLISHMENT OF KHALISTAN OR ELSE IT WOULD HAVE BEEN A REALITY' Besides he\nadmitted in his autobiography that some British officers were hell bent to\nhammer out some compromise between the Sikhs and the Muslims for establishment\nof Khalistan within Pakistan, which he thwarted. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n' After the death of Sardar Patel, Nehru dropped Baldev\nSingh from the Defence portfolio of his Cabinet. Baldev fell sick and after\nsome days he issued a press statement \"The Hindus have betrayed me\",\nHe confessed before other Sikh leaders that he deserved the torture on bed he\nwas undergoing. \"On three occassions\", confessed Baldev, \"l have\nprevented the independence of the Sikhs and formation ol Sikh state, I have\nthrown the Sikhs chained before the cruel Hindus- God forgive me\".\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EReacting to the\nBaldev's accusations Kairon the then CM reacted, \"lt ls a sick statement\nfrom a sick man\". Such confessions from Baldev raised many a Sikh eyebrow\nto speculate as to what were those three secret occassions. At least one missing\nlink has since been discovered. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nJinnah, Nehru and Baldev were\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Einvited for discussions to London in Dec.\n1946 to 'remove the prevailing deadlock. After the talks were over and the\nleaders were to return to India, Baldev was secretly asked by British to stay on\nso that something for the Sikhs was also done. Baldev passed on this secret\nmessage to Nehru. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nNehru a born statesmen did not leave UK until he ensured\nthat Baldev was ahead of him in embarking the plane for Delhi. While leaving\nLondon Baldev spoke to press:- \"The Sikhs have no separate demand from the\nEnglish. We will settle with Congress. We only want that the British leave India.\"\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThis statement was a surprise for everyone as it was a\nbygone conclusion that the British were leaving India as soon as possible. It\nls alleged that the statement Baldev made before the press was prepared by\nNehru\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ehimself.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EKapoor Singh says, he\nhas been able to know as to what was the British proposal which they were to\nmake to Baldev. He writes, \"If the Sikhs are not prepared for any\nagreement with the Muslims, the English were ready to concede the area from\nNankana Sahib ,to Panipat and the British would also see to its security for 10\nyears. In turn the Khalistan Govt. would have to depute 25000 Sikh soldiers for\nthe British colonies. After 10 years, the agreement with the Sikhs will be\nreviewed. The British were ready to give Khalistan, a passage upto Arabian Sea\nand in this way, Khalistan would have served as a buffer state between Pakistan\nand Hindustan and insured peace in the regionl\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EKapoor Singh admits\nthat a similar feeler was given to him in Feb. 1947 when he was working at\nLahore Secretariat and that he passed it to the Sikh leaders but MasterTara\nSingh and Giani Kartar Singh laughed at it.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EKapoor narrated yet\nanother incidence when Cabinet Mission was in Delhi and the Sikhs had gone to\nmeet it. Sir Cripps asked Baldev, \"Sardar Sahib, what to do for the Sikhs.\nThe English are deeply inclined to do something for them.' \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nBaldev Singh,.\"lf Pakistan is to be conceded, Khalistan\nbe also formed\". (Even by that time he had not realized what a reality\nPakistan had been). Sir Pethic Lawrence, \"Thers is no objection to it but\nwhere to form it. See the map is hanging before you, demarcate the area where\nyou want it' \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nBaldev Singh - (Silence). \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nSir Cripps then took the pointer stick in his hands and moved\nit in a circular way from Panipat to Nankana Sahib. ' \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nBaldev Singh - \"No... No..., my nation aspires for a\nrule upto Jehlum. We wlll not accept this small area.\" \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nReferring to this episode Dr. Kirpal Slngh, an authority on\nthe Partition history who had earlier justified the stand ol Akalis writes in his\nrecent book that it was the best offer the Sikhs could get.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EKapoor Singh recalls\nan incldent when Rafa Gazanlar Ali once asked him, what do the Slkhs think ? Witty\nthey are indifferent to the possible losses and gains and have merely become\npuppets ln the hands of Hindus and are bent upon to take bath in the blood of\ntheir Muslim neighbours ?', Kapoor Singh says that the history will ever demand\nan explanation from these leaders. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ESir Fazl-e-Hussian\nthe ex- Premier of Punjab wrote in the year of 1925 in a book which was for private\ncirculation but somehow fell in the hands of a Sikh:-\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\"Hindus consider political matters and their\nimplications years ahead. The Musalman tries to tackle them just in time. But\nthe Sikhs never think of them unless the time is actually passed and the matter\nwell settled.\" \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nJinnah once remarked, lt is difficult to understand the\nposition of the Sikhs by logic or justice - Ah, the Sikh leadership' When\nKapoor Singh protested at these remarks of Jinnah, he said, \"youngman,\nsentiments and emotions are not the same thing as political insight. Consider\nmy remarks dispassionately and if you can do something, do it. When you grow\nmature, you will mark my words. ' Cautioning the Sikhs on some other occassion,\nJinnah said, \"sardar Sahib, you have seen Hindus as your co- slaves. You\nare yet to see them as your rulers.\" \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EMeher Chand Mahajan\nthe former Chief Justice of India wrote in his 'Stern Reckoning\" 'The\nMaharaj of Patiala as an Indian patriot scornfully rejected Jinnah's offer of\nSikh State at the sacrifice of his own state throne and power.\" About the\nsame Maharaja of Patiala Sir Yadvendra Singh Lord Wavell the Viceroy of India\nrecorded. I could only say that the Sikhs if they play their cards well, could\nexercise an influence in Punjab far beyond their numbers. But they do not\nusually play well.' \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nLord Attlee the then PM of UK also opined in his book\n\"As it Happened \" that the Sikhs were led by incapable men and as\nsuch could not get any thing for their nation. Campbell Johnson in his\n\"Mission With Mountbatten\" writes the Sikh leaders could not explain\nwhat they wanted and were only crying that the pakistan be not formed. Leonard\nMosley writes in his \"Last Days Of British Raj\" that here in Delhi the\nwind pipe of the Sikh body was being slit and the Sikhs were busy twisting\ntheir moustaches and waving their swords in air.\" Penderell Moon in his\n'Divide and Quit' wrote that the Sikh leaders were bent upon crossing the\nlimits of stupidity and when ever some matter was revealed to them they would\npay no attention. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nWavell writes, \"he talked about to a group the Sikhs\nStates to do\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Esomething of the problem of\nthe Sikhs generally but nothing came out of it ' ln the end, Wavell wrote that\nMaharaja Patiala was a stupid. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nln the 2nd week of July 1947, Giani Kartar Singh met Sir\nEvan Jenkins, Governor of Punjab, by that time the 'wisdom' of the Sikh\nleaders\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ehad started bearing fruits;\nmigration of people had commenced and killings started. Giani burst into tears\nbefore the Governor and asked Jenkins to do something to save the Sikhs.\nJenkins later wrote \"at the same time, I thought that the Sikhs had only\nthemselves to blame for their present position. The Giani himself had insisted\non partition and Baldev Singh had accepted the plan.'\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe fact is, Akalis\nhave never thought that there would be such a massacre and wide scale\nmigration, They never asked for a state with the area proportionate to the Sikh\npopulation. They had always nurtured a guilt that the Sikhs did not enjoy\nabsolute majority in any district. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nMigrations and massacres could not make the Master realise\nhis follies and he woke up only when he was arrested in 1948 at Narela in the\nfree India. A tough leader who would not confess and would rather change\nhis\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Estand quite often. Once Khushwat Singh,\nthe renowned journalist, asked, him, why the Master gave a new agitation\nprogramme tb the Sikh, every now and then. Master replied that he wants to\nreally keep his people engaged, so that they do not create some big problems.\nHowever, where the devil of death was near his cot, his conscious pricked him\nand he wrote,\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\"Oh my Tenth\nLord Dashmesh I have not been able to fulfill the pledge, I took at the\nbaptismal ceremony. At death, repenting I am at your door. Oh lord, forgive me\nand help the Sikhs in this event of crises. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nReferring to the Punjab politics Lord Wavell wrote in his\nmemoirs, “The trouble in getting any settlement is that both the Congress and\nMuslim League are controlled from outside, from Delhi and Bombay; while the\nSikhs who are in a position to negotiate on the ,spot are disunited and poorly\nled; Master Tara Singh is stupid and emotional.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n------------ \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nPlease also see the video on this subject\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ciframe allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"315\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/N7AwbkNgsDo\" width=\"420\"\u003E\u003C\/iframe\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/05\/failure-of-akalis-in-1947-in-punjabi.html\"\u003EAlso read article in Punjabi\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ciframe allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"315\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/N7AwbkNgsDo\" width=\"420\"\u003E\u003C\/iframe\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/5572719614531953162\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/wavells-stupid-sikhs.html#comment-form","title":"4 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/5572719614531953162"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/5572719614531953162"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/wavells-stupid-sikhs.html","title":"WAVELL’S STUPID SIKHS"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/N7AwbkNgsDo\/default.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"4"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-2014226089650368644"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-03T21:54:00.000-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-05-08T01:38:48.397-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"2"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Khalistan"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"AMRITSAR DEPRIVED OF A ROYAL VISIT"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n 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\u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"35\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"caption\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"10\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" Name=\"Default Paragraph Font\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"11\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtitle\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"22\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Strong\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"20\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"59\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Table Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Placeholder Text\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"No Spacing\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Revision\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nAMRITSAR DEPRIVED OF A ROYAL VISIT\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nDr Kailash Maini\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgGa7goiSL-49EIuq6AS291EDuHPnp5ZyxdxLAPzx4Lki5ehH0P1d9H_OHxNH5OvHSxhSGTM9IpdZ3VEftPQEF8c0RZxsTaf-TLYy5NesKAlDyodlfCcY9XOh0NqW144Ey1C8QCggN-1V0\/s1600\/2nd+cover.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgGa7goiSL-49EIuq6AS291EDuHPnp5ZyxdxLAPzx4Lki5ehH0P1d9H_OHxNH5OvHSxhSGTM9IpdZ3VEftPQEF8c0RZxsTaf-TLYy5NesKAlDyodlfCcY9XOh0NqW144Ey1C8QCggN-1V0\/s320\/2nd+cover.jpg\" height=\"320\" width=\"241\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E \u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n(Some Indian extremist groups had opposed the proposed visit\nof Queen Elizabeth. The queen itinery was thus cancelled. Later on how ever the\nitinery was reconsidered and the queen did visit Amritsar. This story focuses\nwhy the Queen cancelled visit.)\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nFor the golden jubilee celebrations of lndias lndependence Britain\nhad earlier assured lndia of the visit ol its head of Monarchy Queen Elizabeth\nin the month of Oct. 97.\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ERepresentatives of\nabout 10,000 strong Sikh population in UK on the other hand had been impressing\nupon the lsland Govt. to return the holy Sikh relics which it took away at the time\nof annexation of the Punjab in 1849 AD.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nOn July 22 the British High Commissioner visited Amritsar along\nwith 12 members in an advance party led by Queens Deputy private secretary Mr.\nRobbin Janvrin and informed the Sikh authorities of the Queens impending itinery\nand that the Queen was to bring with her the Kalgi or the plume which once\nadorned the holy turban of Guru Gobind Singh and wai to hand over the kalgi to\nSGPC authorities at the time of her visit to the Golden Temple, the Mecca of\nthe Sikhs. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nIt appears before this news could fully spread among the\nSikh masses, the Home Ministrys desk on Punjab affairs was perhaps alarmed and-\nfelt some sort of danger to the peace which it had been able to restore in the\nstate.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EBefore the pro Sikh\nnews papers could carry the news on Queens visit. The nationalist and pro- communist\npapers got over splashed with the statements condemning the Queens visit. The anti-visit\nlobby (AVL) took the plea that the Queen must apologize for the excesses\ncommitted by the British Raj. The AVL projected the 1919 incidence of\nJallianwala Bagh Amritsar where 379 unarmed and peaceful people mostly Sikhs\nwere massacred. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe first person of AVL to get his name printed in the\ndailies of the Punjab was a professoi of Ludhiana who claimed that he was the\nnephew of Sardar Bhagat Singh, the lndian revolutionary, who was hanged in 1930\nfor murdering some English officers of the Raj. An Akali later remarked that ironically\nthe relatives of this man had been desperately trying for the British Visas and\nsome were comfortably in jobs in the UK.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; height: 289px; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right; width: 289px;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEirjjN0FisIKtnNnzKGLiEPE2ws1YcLzhFtW6Iweo-Wlr3QHT__Sf7ARlim1iWjC2v9GuWcFlPBVhQ9OXPJOCNKMXeLtTrZ0JX-Z0xnkJDSAuR7Y3z-Mu4YI5Ez4mAC7AlpEsng315zoEk\/s1600\/5.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEirjjN0FisIKtnNnzKGLiEPE2ws1YcLzhFtW6Iweo-Wlr3QHT__Sf7ARlim1iWjC2v9GuWcFlPBVhQ9OXPJOCNKMXeLtTrZ0JX-Z0xnkJDSAuR7Y3z-Mu4YI5Ez4mAC7AlpEsng315zoEk\/s320\/5.jpg\" height=\"222\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EA\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003EQueen and Golden Temple- The Hindustan Times on Aug. 24 carried such a\nblend of photographs. On Queens visit Amritser would have been-the centre stage\nfor the world media.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ELuxmi Kanta Chawla\nthe fire brand BJp leader of Amritsar was second to. condemn the visit of the Queen\nand demanded an unqualified apology from the Queen. There after keeping in view\nthe attitude of the nationalist dailies every one who-so- ever wanted his name\nin the print sent\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ethreatening press\nnotes and saw his \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ename on the following\nday. In this list were included the heads of otherwise \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eunheard ogranisations like the \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ERashtriya Sikh Sangat of Mohinder \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ESingh Gehla. Hindu Shiv Sena leaders \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eonce again got a golden opportunity in \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ethe Queen visit to say something to the \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Epress. Youth Congress of the Amritsar \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ethreatened that the \u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003EQueen will have to \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ecross the\nocean of blood if she visited \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAmritsar\u003C\/b\u003E.\nThey also pooh-poohed the Sikh leaders who demanded the \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ereturn of the relics. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EExcept a single\nstatement by \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EG.S.Tohra,the head of the\nSikh apex \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ebody the SGPC no Sikh ever spoke\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Euntil Aug. 20, when the nationalis!\ndailies carried headlines QUEEN NOT \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ETO\nVISIT AMRITSAR. The lndian \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eprime\nMinister lnder Kumar Gujral in \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ean\ninterview with the correspondent of \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ESunday\nObserver advised the Queen \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Enot to visit\nAmritsar. Following the \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eadvice of the PM\nto the Queen that she \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ehad better not visit\nAmritsar, Tohra saw \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ea conspiracy through\nthe demand of \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eapology to scuttle the\nvisit of the \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EQueen\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ethere after only Badal \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Edemanded that the Queen should visit \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAmritsar. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nBefore Britain could decide on \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ethe issue of apology which it had been \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eduly considering, as the Monarch had \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eher self apologised to the Maori Tribe \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eof New Zealand and her government apologised\non yet another occasion. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ENot only this\nthe British High \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ECommissioner Sir David\nGore Booth \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eduring his preliminary survey\nof Amritsar had duly visited Jallianwala Bagh and left a note of regret and\nover the incident. An otherwise voluntary apology from the Queen was thus very much\nthere. Yet the Prime Ministers advice to the Monarchy surprised everybody. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe national papers were surprised not at the advice but at\nthe mahner in which it had been publicly conveyed. The Tribune remarked\n\"Mr. Gujral- should severely ration his-time spent on the media\ninterviews. There must be more to a Prime Minister than mere statements.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAn official of the\nBuckingham Palace remarked that the lndian Governments change of mind has put them\nin an awkward position especially when Tony Blairs Govt was\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ealready considering some. expression of Royal\napology during the on coming visit. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nAll this noise successfully managed to drag leaders like\nGeorge Fernandese too who lost no time to criticise Gujral for such a public\nadvice to the Queen. Without mincing words he said that it was \"wholly\nundiplomatic on the part of a man who is propounding doctrines on diplomacy and\nwho is touted as a great diplomat. The Hindustan Times wrote,\"There is unanimity\namong leaders and everybody over criticising Mr. Gujrals move\". \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nMr. J.N.Dixit. the former diplomat however said, \"What\nour PM has said is very practical solution given the geographical location of\nthe Jallianwala Bagh. But l wish he had not given this advice publicly\".\nEminent journalist Kuldip Nayyar too defended the pM. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nKhushwant Singh too was consulted and spoke judiciously, All\nthose demanding an apology are damn silly people. When you invite somebody to\nthe country, it is bad on your part to behave in such a manner. Her coming here\nin itself is a gesture of goodwill, friendship, an \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eact I would say all those demanding apology\nare non descript people hungry for publicity from any means possible\". \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nGeorge Fernandes questioned Gujral and his predecessor Mr.\nDeve Gowda as to why they have not apologized during their visits to the Golden\nTemple. He says \"l believe that an apology to the Sikhs was called for the\nholocaust they were subjected to in Delhi\". Opposing the demand for an\napology from the Queen he adds, \"you cannot apologize for something which\nyour ancestors have done\". \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhWnMAVLg6w7V_pX7d2xMHdJHI-NtmvUvUcFi6Iy-ImLguE8u8JyRc-gGREYpnnjEb8hAKF70ux0TLstYTaOWtsrUCkRqzKdPPzvSsSTtu97kYqi56eBnUbICeWFw_vrMcGbnmjZ__UJcw\/s1600\/4.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhWnMAVLg6w7V_pX7d2xMHdJHI-NtmvUvUcFi6Iy-ImLguE8u8JyRc-gGREYpnnjEb8hAKF70ux0TLstYTaOWtsrUCkRqzKdPPzvSsSTtu97kYqi56eBnUbICeWFw_vrMcGbnmjZ__UJcw\/s320\/4.jpg\" height=\"312\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EDr. G.S. Dhillon, a Sikh scholar and writer has also\ncriticized the AVL and said, \"those who demand an apology from the Queen\nshould also apply the same rationale to ask for a similar apology from the\ncentral Government for the army action at Darbar Sahib, an event of much bigger\nmagnitude than the 1919 firing. Dhillon writes, \"The British regime had\nbowed to the demand to appoint a commission of enquiry-the Hunter Commission to\ngo into the circumstances leading to the event. The Government of lndias refusal\nto appoint a commission to explain as to what happened before, during and after\nBlue star seems a confession of failure (or guilt). \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nNow considering that the prime Minister of the host country\nhas advised the guest to drop her visit, it is fikely that the royal guest will\nnot visit Amritsar despite fervent demand of the Sikh\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003ENRls in the UK. We may bury the issue like an\nostrich but certain questions. which the proposed visit has raked would remain\nand haunt till resolved. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nAs we know the AVL consists of such elements which routinely\nserve the nationalist cause by lending their voice to the forces which fought terrorism\nit thus makes clear that there is something more than the mere apology demand\nOnly assumption that one thus can arrive at is that the security forces\nconsider the visit of Queen as a sort of moral booster for the secessionist\nSikhs. lf this is the case with the Govt approach it is then highly sad as that\nwould amount to the suspicion of whole Sikh community including Badal and the\nSikhs as the Ex. CM Mrs. Rajinder Kaur Bhathal has also denounced the AVL and demanded\nthat the Queen should\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ecome. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nIt needs to be reminded that it was this over suspicion\nwhich led to denial of carving of the Punjabi speaking state for so many years\ni.e. from 1948 to 1966. Such a suspicious approach strengthens the hands of\nthose who felt deranged. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA daily of this region which\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003Ebehaves as if it is the sole saviour of the nation and would even go to\nthe extent of implanting bogus stories poked its nose once again by printing a\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ethe\nQueens visit issue, it said that Badal was unhappy over the Queens visit that\nTohra would steal the show.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgGa7goiSL-49EIuq6AS291EDuHPnp5ZyxdxLAPzx4Lki5ehH0P1d9H_OHxNH5OvHSxhSGTM9IpdZ3VEftPQEF8c0RZxsTaf-TLYy5NesKAlDyodlfCcY9XOh0NqW144Ey1C8QCggN-1V0\/s1600\/2nd+cover.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\nn\nanalytical story which promoted a\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAmritsar has lost an\nopportunity to be in the world news and the Sikhs have lost substantially as\nthey would have to wait for indefinite and uncertain periods for the return of the\nkalgi which is presently preserved in the Victoria and Albert Museum London.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EIt is almost now a\nweek that no further development in sight as to her visit except that\nunfortunate paris accident in which the princess Diana lost her illustrious\nlife and this may provide the Monarchy with an easy excuse in cancelling the\nvisit. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nlnspite of all this some of the circles are still hopeful of\nthe visit and believe that Her Royal Highness will not cancel her visit not\nwithholding Gujarals warning. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"color: red;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/2014226089650368644\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/amritsar-deprived-of-royal-visit.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/2014226089650368644"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/2014226089650368644"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/amritsar-deprived-of-royal-visit.html","title":"AMRITSAR DEPRIVED OF A ROYAL VISIT"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgGa7goiSL-49EIuq6AS291EDuHPnp5ZyxdxLAPzx4Lki5ehH0P1d9H_OHxNH5OvHSxhSGTM9IpdZ3VEftPQEF8c0RZxsTaf-TLYy5NesKAlDyodlfCcY9XOh0NqW144Ey1C8QCggN-1V0\/s72-c\/2nd+cover.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-6891040973382160096"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-04T04:49:00.005-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-05-08T01:38:07.317-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"2"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Khalistan"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"“CALL THEM LIONS NOT DOGS.” CAN A PERSON PRAISE HIS SWORN ENEMY? YES IT HAPPENED "},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Cw:WordDocument\u003E\n  \u003Cw:View\u003ENormal\u003C\/w:View\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Zoom\u003E0\u003C\/w:Zoom\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackMoves\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackFormatting\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:PunctuationKerning\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:ValidateAgainstSchemas\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003E\n  \u003Cw:IgnoreMixedContent\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:IgnoreMixedContent\u003E\n  \u003Cw:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003E\n  \u003Cw:DoNotPromoteQF\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeOther\u003EEN-US\u003C\/w:LidThemeOther\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeAsian\u003EX-NONE\u003C\/w:LidThemeAsian\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeComplexScript\u003EX-NONE\u003C\/w:LidThemeComplexScript\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Compatibility\u003E\n   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Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  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Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n“CALL THEM LIONS NOT DOGS.” CAN A PERSON PRAISE HIS SWORN\nENEMY? YES IT HAPPENED \u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nby Dr. Ganda Singh\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe following lines\ndescribing the character of the Sikhs are from chapter XLI of the Jang Namah of\nQazi Nur Muhammad of Gunjaba (Baluchistan) who had accompanied Mir Nasir Khan,\nruler of Kelat, during the seventh invasion of Indian \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eby Ahmad Shah Durrani in the summer of 1764. Nur\nMuhammad was a scholar of Persian and a poet of considerable merit and he wished\nto be appointed the Qazi of Shikarpur, or of Deras, when the Afghan king\nbestowed upon Nasir Khan these territories after his success in the holy war,\nthe Jihad, against the Sikhs who had crossed the lndus and entered into the\nDeras. He was an eye-witness of the various engagements during the expedition, and\non his return to Gunjaba he completed the Jang Namah towards the close of the\nyear 1178 al-hijri, about June 1765. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EQazi Nur Muhammad\nwrites: \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EDo not call the dogs\n(the Sikhs) dogs, because they are lions, and are courageous like lions in the\nfield of battle. How can a hero, who roars like a lion in the field of battle be\ncalled a dog. lf you wish to learn the art of War, come, face to face with them\nin the field. They will demonstrate it to you in such a way that one and all\nwill praise them for it. lf you wish to learn the science of war, O swordsman,\nlearn from them how to face an enemy like a hero and to get safely out of an\naction. Singh is a title a form of address for them . lt is not justice to call\nthem dogs. lf you do not know the Hindustani language I tell you that, the word\nSingh means a Lion. Truly they are like lions in battle, and at the time of\npeace thy surpass Hatim. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EWhen they take the\nIndian sword in their hands, they overrun the country from Hindostan to Sind.\nNobody then stands in opposition to them, however, much strong he may be. When\nthey manipulate the spear they shatter the ranks of the enemy and when they raise\nthe heads of their spears into the sky, they would pierce even through the Caucasus.\nWhen they adjust the strings of their chachi bows and place in them the\nenemy-killing arrows and pull the strings to their ears, the body of the enemy\nbegins to shiver with fear. When \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Etheir\nbattle-axe falls upon the armour \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eof their\nopponents becomes their coffin. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe body of every one\nof them \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eis like the piece of a rock, and\nin physical grandeur every one of them is more than fifty persons. lt is said\nthat Bahram-Gor killed wild asses and set the lions shrieking. But if Bahram\nwere to come face to face with them, even he would bow before them.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EDuring a battle when\nthey take their guns in their hands, they come jumping into the field of action,\nroaring like lions. They tear the chests of many and shed the blood of several\nof their enemy \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ein the dust. lt is said\nthat the musket is a weapon of the ancient days. lt however appears to be the creation\nof these dogs rather than of the great Socrates. Although there are so many of\nthe 'tufangchis'. (musketeers), but nobody can excel them in its use. To the\nright and to the left, and in front and towards the back, they go on firing\nregularly. lf you do not believe in what I say, you may enquire of the brave\nswordsmen who would tell you more than myself and would praise them for their fighting.\nThe fact that they grappled with thirty thousand heroes bear witness to my\nstatement. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Elf their armies take\nto flight, do not take it as an actual flight. lt is a war tactic of theirs.\nBeware, beware of them for a second time. The object of this trick is that when\nthe furious enemy runs after them, he is separated from his main army and from\nhis reinforcements. Then they turn back to face their pursuers and set fire\neven to water. Did you not see how, during the flight, they took to a deceptive\nflight from before the Khan, and how, then they turned back on him and surrounded\nhim on all sides. The Khan then came down from his horse and flung arrows and\nbullets at them and with bravery extricated himself from their midst. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EYou may yourself\njudge, O brave man, how a single battalion of theirs rushed upon Multan,\nentered the city and devastated it and carried away an immense booty. I am not\nsufficiently , strong in mind to be able to express what the dogs did there.\nSince the creation of the world nobody remembers to have seen Multan devastated\nin this way ath the hands of anybody. But because of God so willed it.\nEverybody of us has to submit to His will. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003ELeaving aside their\nmode of fighting, hear you another point in which they excel all other fighting\npeople. ln no case would they slay coward, nor would they put an obstacle in\nthe way of a fugitive. They do not plunder the wealth and ornaments of a woman,\nbe she a well to-do lady or a maid-servant. There is no adultery amongst these dogs,\nnor are these mischievous people given to thieving. Whether a woman is young or\nold, they call her a Budhiya, and ask her to get out of the way. The word\nBudhiya in the Indian n language means an old lady'. There is no thief at all\namongst these dogs, nor is there any house-breaker born amongst these\nmiscreants. They don’t make friends with adulterers and house- breakers, though\ntheir behaviour on the whole is not commendable. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Elf you are not\nconversant with their religion, I tell you that the Sikhs are the disciples of\nthe Guru and that, the august Guru lived at Chak (Amritsar). The ways and\nmanners of these people received their impetus from Nanak who showed these\nSikhs a separate path taught them a distinct religion. He was succeeded by\nGobind Singh. From him they received the title of Singh. They are not from\namongst the Hindus. These miscreants have a separate religion of their own. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/6891040973382160096\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/call-them-lions-not-dogs-can-person.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/6891040973382160096"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/6891040973382160096"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/call-them-lions-not-dogs-can-person.html","title":"“CALL THEM LIONS NOT DOGS.” CAN A PERSON PRAISE HIS SWORN ENEMY? YES IT HAPPENED "}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-630587154535149953"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-04T07:55:00.000-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-05-08T01:37:43.793-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"2"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Khalistan"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"SIKHISM : A THREATENED IDENTITY"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Cw:WordDocument\u003E\n  \u003Cw:View\u003ENormal\u003C\/w:View\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Zoom\u003E0\u003C\/w:Zoom\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackMoves\/\u003E\n  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UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nSIKHISM : A THREATENED IDENTITY\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nSaid Guru Nanak, \"Hukme ander sabh koe,\" i.e.\neverything is happening within the will of God. This includes the growth of\nhair on the human body. The Sikhs therefore don't cut them and present a unique\nand distinct look, with a beard and turban. Confronted with the wave of fashion\ncoupled with the absorbent nature of the Hinduism their identity stands\nthreatened. According to recent census returns the growth rate of Sikhs has\ncome down. Even Delhi has marked a negative growth rate in Sikhs. The successive\nCongress Govts. have done little to curb this downward trend rather there are\nallegations that they have supported such saints or gurus who in appearance are\nlike Sikhs and attract Sikhs but preach the Hinduism. Similarly, the present\ntrend has discouraged army and police soldiers to keep hair. KHUSWANT SINGH,\nthe World renowned writer and columnist has voiced this concern some years ago and\nthe same are reproduced here. \u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EA student of Sikhism\nmay indulge in speculation on the future course of the two movements viz. Sikh resistance\nto being absorbed bY Hinduism and the movement of a Sikh state. The two are\nmore intimately related to each other than is generally realised or admitted. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe relapse into\nHinduism forms a recognisable pattern and is more evident among the rich and educational\nclasses of Sikhs. ln this the younger generation has begun to' give up the\npractice of wearing their hair and beards unshorn. They try to retain a sense\nof i$entity with the community by sporting other symbols - notably the 'Kara'-\nand are often more punctilious in religious observance. This does not prevent\ntheir being rejected by the orthodox Khalsa as 'patits' (renegades). Being too\nfew to form a social group of their own, they soon find themselves in the accommodating\nembrace of Hinduism. lt proves that the sense of beloNging to the Sikh community\nrequires both the belief in the teachings of the 'Adi Granth' and the\nobservance of the Khalsa tradition initiated by Guru Gobind Singh, and that there\nis no such things as a clean-shaven Sikh - he is simply a Hindu believing in\nSikhism. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe absorption of the\n'sahajdhari' Sikhs into the Hindu folds adds weight to the argument that there\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eo such thing as a clean shaven Sikh. At one\ntime sahajdhari' Sikhism was - as the meaning of the word signified, \"those-who-take-time\"\n- the halfway house to the hirsute form of Khalsa. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ESikhism. Nowthe process is reversed, and it\nhas become a halfway house to Hinduism. The case of the sahajdhari' Hindus of\nSindh is illustrative. Till independence, when they were living in their home\nprovince, they were distinctly more Sikhs than Fiindus. Today, dispersed over\nthe lndian subcontinent, most of them have gone back to Hinduism. Even where they\nform compact communities as in Bombay, the altars of their temples display\nHindu gods along side the 'Granth', and Hindu ritual is fast displacing the\nSikh. There are strong indications that with the passing of the present\ngeneration Sikhism will also pass out of the people of Sindh. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ENo statistics have\nbeen compiled to prove that the practice of taking 'pahul' and wearing the hair\nand beard unshorn is on the decline; but that it is so is now admitted by most\nof the Sikh leaders and will be apparent to any shrewd observer. A closer study\nof the incidence of apostasy yields the following conclusions. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EFirstly, wherever\nSikhs are scattered among other people, the attachment to tradition declines\nand the rate of apostasy rises. This is most evident in the Sikh communities in\nforeign lands. ln the United States, Canada, and England the number of 'kesdhari'\nSikhs is extremely small and ever-diminishing. On the other hand, in countries\nsuch as Malaya or in East Africa, where Sikhs live in comPact groups, incidence\nof apostasy is lower. . The same phenomenon can be observed in lndia. ln the\nSikh districts of East Punjab, the Khalsa traditions flourish while among\nsmaller Sikh\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ecommunities in other parts\nof lndia, they are on the decline. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ESecondly, the\nabolition of communal considerations by the Indian Government, e. g. separate\nelectorates, weight age in services, and above all the non-forcement of rules\nregarding 'pahul' in the armed forces, have taken a heavy toll of the khalsa.\nThis was amply proven by the attitude of the untouchable castes of Sikhs. By\nthe Scheduled Castes Order 1950-1951, while all Hindu untouchable castes were\ngiven special privileges, only four sub-castes of untouchable Sikhs were included\nin the list. The sub-castes excluded from the schedule showed little reluctance\nin abandoning the Khalsa tradition and declaring themselves Hindus in order to\nclaim the benefits. lt proved more than ever that religious sentiment is a poor\nargument against economic benefit. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThirdly, there is a\nclose connection between the Punjabi language and Sikhism. ln families where\nPunjabi has been replaced by other languages - English among rich and the\nanglicised, Hindi amongst those desirous of getting the best in a Hindu-dominated\nlndia - the study of the Granth, the observance of Sikh rituals and Khalsa\ntraditions have had a short lease of life. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EFourthly, with the\nresurgence of Hinduism, the official commitment to secularism is being reduced\nto a meaningless clause in the constitution. The emphasis on Sanskrit and\nHindi, study of the Aryan classics, insertion of cow-protection as a directive\nclause of the constitution, the increase in the number of cow-protection\nsocities, the growth of Hindu political groups such as the Bhratiya Jan Singh\nand the militant R.S.S.S., now BJP, Shiv Sena, Bajrang Dal, Hindu Shiv Sena,\nVishav Hindu Parishad and the suspicion with which other minorities have come\nto be regarded are but sonne indications of the way the wind is blowing.\nHindus, who form 80 percent of the population, will in due course make Hinduism\nthe state religion of lndia. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe four conclusions\nlisted above lead to the fifth: the only chance of survival of the Sikhs as a\nseparate community is to create a state (within lndia) in which they form a compact\ngroup, where the teaching of Gurmukhi and the Sikh religion is compulsory, and where\nthere is an atmosphere of respect for the traditions of their Khalsa forefathers.\n(source- A History of Sikhs Princeton University) \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/630587154535149953\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/sikhism-threatened-identity.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/630587154535149953"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/630587154535149953"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/sikhism-threatened-identity.html","title":"SIKHISM : A THREATENED IDENTITY"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-2940515822662338786"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-03T21:59:00.001-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:50:38.888-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"2"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"NARINDER BIBA PASSES AWAY  PUNJAB LOSES ITS NIGHTINGALE"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Cw:WordDocument\u003E\n  \u003Cw:View\u003ENormal\u003C\/w:View\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Zoom\u003E0\u003C\/w:Zoom\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackMoves\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackFormatting\/\u003E\n  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Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nNARINDER BIBA PASSES AWAY\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPUNJAB LOSES ITS NIGHTINGALE\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe Bulbul reigned the music garden of Punjab for more than\n35 years and then flew all of a sudden to the mystic skies from where no one\nreturns. PARAMJIT KAUR TALWAR visits some of her relatives and friends while\npaying her homage to the departed Queen of Melody. \u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiE7f8Ce1TP1GqvJKpMbZBHyUgoi902nJfGLqM7VSPz0r8lMo7Xv3jIFyECvZGfkmIlOpBtlx9jARBUlRfsgOcZ-yIfMzZII3KvllQgwqWywc9bb8CjN8u5czxbDr7jB3uPBSsZyFrQ-4E\/s1600\/8.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiE7f8Ce1TP1GqvJKpMbZBHyUgoi902nJfGLqM7VSPz0r8lMo7Xv3jIFyECvZGfkmIlOpBtlx9jARBUlRfsgOcZ-yIfMzZII3KvllQgwqWywc9bb8CjN8u5czxbDr7jB3uPBSsZyFrQ-4E\/s320\/8.jpg\" width=\"233\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nNarinder Biba was born on the auspicious Baisakhi day of\n1941 to Sardar Fateh Singh and Bibi Mahender Kaur at Chak No. 120 in Sargodha\nDistrict.(Pakistan). Later in 1947, the family settled in village Khumna near\nAmloh, Patiala district. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nDuring her early years, she used to sing shabads along with\nher father and won numerous prizes. Realizing her aptitude in music, her father\ndecided to get her trained by some reputed music teacher. He chose Master Hari\nDev and Lal Chand Yamla Jatt, as her classical (vocal) and folk tutors\nrespectively. With passage of time, she did her Gyani from Punjab University\nand Master in music (Sangeet Bhaskar) from Pracheen Kala Kendra, Chandigarh,\nShe was a rare example to have-been trained in classical music along with the\nfolk. Indeed she moved heavens and earth to achieve the ambition of her life\nand ultimately became a known voice in the field of singing. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nSoon her fame spread everywhere like a wild fire. At the time\nof the inauguration of Goraya Transmitter of All lndia Radio, Jalandhar, she\nwas requested to give a performance at the occasion, which she did with the\nsong 'Khushi diyan vangan ni main kal nu Charahauniyan' and became a celebrity.\nAt that time she was just seventeen years old. However, the first stage\nperformance of -her career started with the song 'Uhne kahiyan te mein na\nsuniyan...' Her f irst song recorded by HMV was Gurdev Mann's ‘Aa ha chaliye\nschoole ik war harha ve...' which was' broadcast by Jalandhar Radio Station several\ntimes on the listeners' demand.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nHer golden voice was appreciated by music lovers and there after,\nshe was invited by dignitaries like, Partap singh Kairon, Gurnam Singh, Lachhman\nSingh.Gill, etc. and music lovers of countries like United States of America,\nCanada, England, Dubai, Germany. She did not restrict her concerts to cities\nonly but also performed at the village-level, Hardly can one name a village of\nPunjab where she had stolen the show with her melodious voice. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n'Gal soach ke karin tu zaildara asa nahin kanaurh jhalni' ‘Ah\nle maye sambh kunjian dhian kar chaliyan sardari’, 'Pase hat ja zalma panjaban\njatti aaye..J, 'Mainu reshmi rumal vangu rakh mundiya...''Kahnu .marda\nchandriyan chhamkan ve kach de glass vargi...', 'Garhva lei de chandi da...',\n'Hathi toren sajna nu nale yaad karan nale rovan...', 'Rati see udikan teriyan\nsute pal na hijar de mare,\" Chandigarh rehan valiye.., 'Chitiyan kapah\ndiyan phutian hard ni pat hare hare., 'Kikar te kato rahendi kalla na jayeen\nkhet nu. etc. are some of her songs which would ever be tscalled by Punjabis. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThough she will no more interact with us yet the memory of\nher voice \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ewill remain in our hearts\nforever,\" remarked Mr. C.L. Bhalla, the Music instructor at Punjab\nAgricultural University, Ludhiana and a great admirer or Biba's voice. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nAmong the historical songs which became popular we!'e, 'Gaya\nhai Ajit hun Jayega Jujhar...', 'Chan Mata Gujri da sutta Kandiyan di sej\nvichha ke...', 'Do bariyan kimti Jindan, nihan vbh aa khlo gayeah..i etc.\nMoreover, operas like Guru Ravidas, Saka Saihand, Saka Chandni Chowk, Mirza\nSahiban, Sassi Punnu, Heer Ranjha were among the most famous ones. She sang for\nabout two dozen Punjabi films like Daai, Dharamjit, Putt Jattan De, Teri Meri\nlk Jindri, etc.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nNand Lal Noor Puri Award was the first prestigious honour\nwon by her in 1972 which made her a renowned stage artist. She was honoured by\nthe Government of Puniab too. Biba ruled the Punjab folk music scene for almost\nfour decades and had, in fact, won all the famous awards of Punjab. lt was 20th\nof October, 1989 when heavily garlanded and seated on an immensely ornamented\nelephant, she was taken from her residence to Punjabi Bhawan Ludhiana with\ngreat pomp and show. There, she was awarded the Professor Mohan Singh Yadgari Award\nin which she was offered a Gagarfull (brass pitcher) of silver coins.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAt the age of 19\nYears, Biba tied the nuptial knot to Jaspal Singh Pali, a railway employee and\na playwright. He was a compere above Par and used to accompany her in shows.\nUnfortunately, he died after a brief illness in 1976. The couple had four\nissues, two sons and two daughters, all with an inborn talent for music. Though\nBiba was a singer Par excellence and touched amazing heights in the world of\nsinging yet she did not encourage her children to follow her footsteps. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nFor Tej PartaP Singh and Gurpartap Singh, her two sons\nemployed with London Airlines, Narinder Biba was ' guru, philospher' guide and\nof course, a real friend'. Both the England-settled sons admiringly recollect\nthe first performance of their life in 1990' sponsored by Million Dollar Club.\n\" lt was just unexpectedly that the President of the Club approached our\nMom, the moment he came to know that she was on her visit to our place' They\nacknowledge that it was just ten days training imparted by their mother and the\nshow turned out to be a real success.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\"We proudly\ndeclare that our Mom was a fortune for many of the budding singers of Punjab,\nwho ever sang with her became famous overnight\", says Biba's younger\ndaughter, TejVarinder Kaur. \"You can see the factwith Didar Sandhu,\nKarnail Gill and others\".' \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\"Perhaps the only dreams which remained unfulfilled\nwere to make cassettes along with her two sons of which she spoke off and on\nand the' Academy Award which she rightlY deservedi' asserts Amir Singh Rana, her\nLudhiana-settled brother. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nBiba was, in fact, the first ladY to enter Punjabi films aq\na renowned singer whose all songs turned out to be superhits. She sang duets\nwith Muhammad Rafi, Asha Bhonsle, Mahendra Kapoor; Surinder Chhinda, Jagat\nSingh Jagga, Karnail Gill, Didar Sandhu, Harcharan Grewal and many more. She\nhad also performed along with the well renowned Alaap Group of UK. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nShe had sung almost 7,000 \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Esongs which include Lok Geet, Boliyail, Tapai,\nLove-lorn stories of Sohni, Heer, Mirza, etc., historical songs relating to the\nvalour of Sikh Gurus and shabas. Her long hek at the beginning of a lok Geet\nand high pitched voice were typically well-known among masses. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E'Her accompanist Beli\nRam who is well-known Algoza player was always seen with her whenever she sang\n'lok geets', from time to time, her three brothers used to give her company in\nconcerts. She sang 'Mirza Sahiban' and brought out a cassette Mela Vaisakhi\nalong with her brother, late Fakir Singh Fakir. Even in the age of\nwesternization when Punjabi singers have turned to rap and use western\ninstruments and synthesisers. She retained the use of traditional instruments\nin 'her shows. She was against westernization of Punjabi music and was an\nadmrier of Pakistani Punjabi singers who maintained the sanctity of folk music.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EFondly known as the\nNightingale of Punjab to her fans, she was called 'Punjab di bhain' by the\nfamous film star Dharmendra and was deeply respected by one and all.' No one\ncalled her bY name rather from everyone's lips one could hear her being' called\nbhain ji (respected sister). \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nShe was appointed as the President of the Lal Chand Yamla\nCharitable Memorial Trust which was started barely three years ago. Since its\nestablishment under her able and efficient guidance melas were organized every\nYear where reputed folk singers were honoured and invited to perform. Biba\nworked for social causes too and undertook the cause of marrying off needy\ngirls. She had in fact adopted some poor children and arranged for their\nrehabilitation, She also helped in releasing the cassettes of budding singers\nwho could not atford it and even introduced them to HMV. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nlndeed a simple and sweet natured lady, she had no ego\nhassles. Apart from singing, her favourite pastime included gardening and\nreading good books. Biba, a Proud grandma of seven grand sons and three grand\ndaughters, was an adorable lady. To be with her family members was the most\nrejoicing recreation for her.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ENonetheless like a\nstrict martinet, she. used to do her usual Riyaz, the practice, for at least\ntwo hours daily. \"During her days of recording, she used to spend the\nwhole day at Riyaz with short breaks to have just a cup of teaj' recalls her\nbrother, Amrik Singh Rana. She had the credit of releasing at least one\ncassette each year. She preferred to sing her own compositions as she herself\nwas a good composer. Moreover, she had a permanent contract with HMV. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nBasically a vocalist, she was good at harmonium', piano,\nsitar and tabla too. According to Jagdev Singh Jassowal, President Professor.\nMohan Singh Sabhiyacharak Manch, \"She respected classical vocalists a lot\nand was surrounded by them most of the time. It is my personal suggestion that\na Trust be established in her name where competition of female singers should\nbe arranged each year and winners be duly rewarded. Further, the budding\nsingers of Punjab may also be encouraged through scholarships in her name.\"\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nShe was preparing for her tour to United States next month,\nbut Almighty desired otherwise. Her untimely death due to heart failure on June\n27th this year was a shock for many. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThose who mourned her death included politicians,\nbureaucrats, representatives of various social, religious and cultural\norganizations, singers and diehard fans even \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi0nj_hjgtTlI4Mzg3ZC2pEyN_huzJ2DRDj1XLP5mkxNsyM7aUcCEHMLfEe4voHd69JXlvE7XtHRVIxfyDrpZNlTawyfWKo2uSEjlEUk41Q2RtVWs794S_CDgIiIu6YqklikppK43ZJ8y0\/s1600\/10.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"264\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi0nj_hjgtTlI4Mzg3ZC2pEyN_huzJ2DRDj1XLP5mkxNsyM7aUcCEHMLfEe4voHd69JXlvE7XtHRVIxfyDrpZNlTawyfWKo2uSEjlEUk41Q2RtVWs794S_CDgIiIu6YqklikppK43ZJ8y0\/s320\/10.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EPeople would flock wherever she performed: At Puniabi\nBhawan, Ludhiana\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\nfrom abroad. To name a few, S,\nGurdev Singh Badal, ,Agriculture Minister of Punjab, Charanjit Singh Atwal,\nSpeaker of Punjab Assembly, Tarsem Singh Jodhan ex-MLA, Amar Noori, Mohammad\nSadiq, Surinder -Chhinda, Gurdev Singh Mastana, K. Deep, Parminder Sandhu,\nSurjit Gill, Charan Singh Safari, et, all attended the funeral. A special\nprogramme of two hours was broadcast by the BBC as a tribute to her. Television\nand radio stations in Canada also aired her songs. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThough the void created by her death cannot be filled, she\nwould forever live in the hearts of the Punjabis and would be remembered by\nthem fondly.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/2940515822662338786\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/narinder-biba-passes-away-punjab-loses.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/2940515822662338786"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/2940515822662338786"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/narinder-biba-passes-away-punjab-loses.html","title":"NARINDER BIBA PASSES AWAY  PUNJAB LOSES ITS NIGHTINGALE"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiE7f8Ce1TP1GqvJKpMbZBHyUgoi902nJfGLqM7VSPz0r8lMo7Xv3jIFyECvZGfkmIlOpBtlx9jARBUlRfsgOcZ-yIfMzZII3KvllQgwqWywc9bb8CjN8u5czxbDr7jB3uPBSsZyFrQ-4E\/s72-c\/8.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-8642980411907128879"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-04T05:32:00.002-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:48:07.129-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"2"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"PUNJABI COLONY IN ASTRAKHAN (RUSSIA)"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  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Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nPUNJABI COLONY IN ASTRAKHAN (RUSSIA)\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nby Dr. W.R.Rishi\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nAt the beginning of the nineteenth century there existed an Indian\ncolony\u003Cspan id=\"goog_440105099\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan id=\"goog_440105100\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E in the Astrakhan region inhabited by traders and merchants from India,\nparticularly from the Punjab. This is borne out by more than 600 manuscripts in\nabout thirty languages of India and South Asia, now the] precious possessions\nof the Asian \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EMuseum at Tashkent,\nUzbekistan. \u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEj7Vwgxunwe8G9RK_O_ByCXPczW5w7m0yjF-pwdRL1_TcC5Sh4sYF9fkVUeUS8K752NvyGwAjfOhV9KAs9X8RZLXaj-it7jABHL9r-Ey__ZN804BUiOnuPZ32EX07wcE2dL8NjQxlPDbbA\/s1600\/22c.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgWONuIEHcnlESUL66FcR1i3N-Rqg9bnlI2AVQKc86cL0vmCfn1pdafFY9y3mG-wP5bMiwyl7dU5a1-IeImm4e4ujt46FCU8mG2Vcb410VNLzJEkDjkGubBPKGK0JEokK1yHq12xc2bVpc\/s1600\/22b.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgGAgTOM_qlpacOHLqmeqFxGV5nlA7lVEWmWTESjwfQzXSj5ZrUpQPPsrfNSHdbQorwW2hHbNwnmmdCDy45g3mFY1hc3Sa8hGOae0dus4WF466TJqu_o1NaUa09dbsUPaUcKyBe3qcnDqI\/s1600\/23.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgTAuNMnCNlFwJvXpSTk5IX-BGrP-cpQfPRoLDa4pa55tCTdL_7cIR74ijv84AYz0GdRSo9xProVvg807_t-kFK_N8O-gr3EDm2dMkh2LIlP9ztp75CDAItM6SLedCqu-SKhsw1wVsAYSg\/s1600\/Rishi.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgTAuNMnCNlFwJvXpSTk5IX-BGrP-cpQfPRoLDa4pa55tCTdL_7cIR74ijv84AYz0GdRSo9xProVvg807_t-kFK_N8O-gr3EDm2dMkh2LIlP9ztp75CDAItM6SLedCqu-SKhsw1wVsAYSg\/s320\/Rishi.jpg\" width=\"203\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EMajority of them are\nmanuscripts of Sanskrit and Pali \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eliterature. This collection includes\nmanuscripts of books dealing with varied subjects - there are hand written\ncopies of books on Hindi and Punjabi poetry, copies of Bhagwat Gita and Shri Guru\nGranth Sahib and copies of books in Hindi and Punjabi languages by Indian\nauthors on Cosmography, Astronomy, Astrology and even on sex. There are copies\nof Bhagwat Gita and Gita Mahatmya which belonged to a Brahman from Lahore who\ndied in Petersburg. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThat is addition to their occupation as traders and\nmerchants, the Punjabis also indulged in money lending business in Astrakhan\nand Bukhara regions during those times is clear from 14 account books\n(Bahi-khata) including two empty ones in Landa language (the shorthand language\nused by the munims (accounts clerks) of the Punjabi businessmen even now.\nUnfortunately, the Soviet scholars have found it difficult to decipher the\ncontents of these account books. lt has however been found that these accounts\nbooks and other papers were a part of the property of an Indian trader who died\nin Central Asia. These were sent to the Asian Museum for custody fixed \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhQLzXXbtjUpFy8pwayNuhru0fmERaOIJakcCiYbva3j213ZeldDvtk99Jr2-PpiNWVbsRXCtb19pxQwZR8esb2wE6dR7dVrbVIfKzaFQ6zlsKbpDty-jdNR0ndZBEgQHipTHoLNN48NPI\/s1600\/Bukhara3.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"237\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhQLzXXbtjUpFy8pwayNuhru0fmERaOIJakcCiYbva3j213ZeldDvtk99Jr2-PpiNWVbsRXCtb19pxQwZR8esb2wE6dR7dVrbVIfKzaFQ6zlsKbpDty-jdNR0ndZBEgQHipTHoLNN48NPI\/s320\/Bukhara3.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\nfor\nclaiming back the property by his successors, these became the property of the\nAsian Museum. Some other documents belonged to one Kirpal Dass living somewhere\nin Central Asia in the late seventies and eighties of the nineteenth century.\nThese contain a list of his debtors in the Russian language. There is yet\nanother note in the Punjabi language in Gurmukhi script made in pencil on\ninside page of the front cover of a copy of Shri Guru Granth Sahib as under: \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEj7Vwgxunwe8G9RK_O_ByCXPczW5w7m0yjF-pwdRL1_TcC5Sh4sYF9fkVUeUS8K752NvyGwAjfOhV9KAs9X8RZLXaj-it7jABHL9r-Ey__ZN804BUiOnuPZ32EX07wcE2dL8NjQxlPDbbA\/s1600\/22c.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"245\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEj7Vwgxunwe8G9RK_O_ByCXPczW5w7m0yjF-pwdRL1_TcC5Sh4sYF9fkVUeUS8K752NvyGwAjfOhV9KAs9X8RZLXaj-it7jABHL9r-Ey__ZN804BUiOnuPZ32EX07wcE2dL8NjQxlPDbbA\/s320\/22c.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n“byaj samet liti rubli” (received Roubles with interest) \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThis shows that the person doing money-lending business was\na trader from the Punjab. Besides, there are some documents written in the\nGurmukhi script Arabic (in Persian and uzbek scripts and in Hebrew (in Tajik script)\nThere are also a number of note books, envelopes with addresses written in\nRussian script addressed to persons in Samarkand in Central Asia and Shikarpur\nin the present Pakistan. Majority of the manuscripts belong to the second half\nof the XIX century and were copied at places somewhere in Central Asia. ln some\nof the manuscripts the name of the place where they were copied has been as\nAstrakhan, Bukhara and Tashkent. Most of the manuscripts have been copied on\nRussian paper, a further proof of the existence of an Indian colony in, the\nAstrakhan and Bukhara regions. lt will be interesting to study these\nmanuscripts in detail and this will certainly reveal connections existing ,\nbetween the peoples of India and Russia in olden times. Some of the important manuscripts\nfound are\u003Cspan style=\"mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;\"\u003E as\u003C\/span\u003E follows: \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgWONuIEHcnlESUL66FcR1i3N-Rqg9bnlI2AVQKc86cL0vmCfn1pdafFY9y3mG-wP5bMiwyl7dU5a1-IeImm4e4ujt46FCU8mG2Vcb410VNLzJEkDjkGubBPKGK0JEokK1yHq12xc2bVpc\/s1600\/22b.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"210\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgWONuIEHcnlESUL66FcR1i3N-Rqg9bnlI2AVQKc86cL0vmCfn1pdafFY9y3mG-wP5bMiwyl7dU5a1-IeImm4e4ujt46FCU8mG2Vcb410VNLzJEkDjkGubBPKGK0JEokK1yHq12xc2bVpc\/s320\/22b.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nI. POETRY (a) Punjabi (Gurumukhi script) \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n1) Puran Bhagat. Author Kadir Yar. Copied at Bhukhara. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n2) Kissa Kamroop Kamlita. Author Ahmad Yar.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n3) Heer Ranjha \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n4) Gopichand – fragments\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n5) Shri Nasketu Ki Katha \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n6) Gita Sar \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n7) Adbhut Granth \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n8) Saruktavali All copied in Central Asia in the second half\nof XIX century. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n9) Katha Mahabharat ki. Copied at Tashkent. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n10) Asvamedh. Copied in CentralAsia. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n11) Hanuman Natek. Copied at Bukhara. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n12) Vichar Mala. Author Ananth Puri also known as Ananth\nDas. Copied in Central Asia in the second half of XIX century A.D. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n13) Singh Gau Katha. Author Devi Das. Copied at Bukhara in\n1871 .\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n(b) Hindi (devnagri)\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n1) Rukmani Mangal - a lyrical poem in Braj Bhasha Author\nVishnu Dass, who lived in Gwalior in the 15th century A.D. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n2) Madhumalti - a lyrical Braj Bhasha describing the love of\nMalti, daughter of King Chandrasain and Madhu (Manohar), son of his minister,\nAuthor Chaturbhuj Dass. Copied in the middle - XVlll century by one Parmanand,\na Kashmiri Bhatt.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E3) Dhyan Manjri -\npoem in Braj Bhasha wrltten in praise of God Rama by Agra Das, a pupil of\nKrishna Dass Parahri belonging to Ramanand sect. Copied at Astrakhan\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgGAgTOM_qlpacOHLqmeqFxGV5nlA7lVEWmWTESjwfQzXSj5ZrUpQPPsrfNSHdbQorwW2hHbNwnmmdCDy45g3mFY1hc3Sa8hGOae0dus4WF466TJqu_o1NaUa09dbsUPaUcKyBe3qcnDqI\/s1600\/23.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"252\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgGAgTOM_qlpacOHLqmeqFxGV5nlA7lVEWmWTESjwfQzXSj5ZrUpQPPsrfNSHdbQorwW2hHbNwnmmdCDy45g3mFY1hc3Sa8hGOae0dus4WF466TJqu_o1NaUa09dbsUPaUcKyBe3qcnDqI\/s320\/23.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nII. RELIGIOUS BOOKS OF SIKHS \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n1) Shri Guru Granth Sahib. One complete copy and a few other\ncopies containing excerpts. One copied Bukhara and another in Central Asia in\nthe half of XIX century A.D. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n2) Japuji Sahib. Copied at Samarkand and yet another copy\nmade in Central Asia. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n3) Sukhmani, \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n3a) Anand. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n4) Ratanmala. Copied in Central Asia in the second half of\nXIX century A.D.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E5) Janam sakhi Bebe\nNanakji ki. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n6) Gurbilas. Contains a painting \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eof Guru Gobind Singh prepares for the\nhunt\".\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nMISCELLANEOUS\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"margin-left: 20.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003E1)\u003Cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003EChanakya Sastra. Copied in Central Asia in the\nsecond half of XIX century.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n2) Kokshastar Copied in Central Asia in the second half of\nXIX century A.D. in \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/8642980411907128879\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/punjabi-colony-in-astrakhan-russia.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/8642980411907128879"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/8642980411907128879"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/punjabi-colony-in-astrakhan-russia.html","title":"PUNJABI COLONY IN ASTRAKHAN (RUSSIA)"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgTAuNMnCNlFwJvXpSTk5IX-BGrP-cpQfPRoLDa4pa55tCTdL_7cIR74ijv84AYz0GdRSo9xProVvg807_t-kFK_N8O-gr3EDm2dMkh2LIlP9ztp75CDAItM6SLedCqu-SKhsw1wVsAYSg\/s72-c\/Rishi.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-2760028651917691654"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-04T05:48:00.000-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:47:49.888-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"2"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"SALWAR KAMEEZ -THE ULTIMATE ATTIRE"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  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Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nSALWAR KAMEEZ -THE ULTIMATE ATTIRE\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nFashions are in and out like shifting clouds. Some pave the\nway gently for others while many create strange contradictions aS the bloomers\ndid in England during the nineteenth century. When the fuss dies down the\nfashion and style go on to the future times with newer forms and innovations.\nThis is very true with the Punjabi Salwar Suits. A product of the twentieth\ncentury this outfit has now mesmerised dames across the country from Kashmir to\nKanya Kumari and from Burdwan to Bombay. Now young girls are found hunting. for\nthe latest Punjabi Suits in emporia, garment shops and boutiques. Rachna Subir\nSen takes us down the memory lane with the highs and lows-of this glamorous\nPunjabi 'dress, and its galloping popularity in national and international\nspheres.\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003EThe Punjabi woman has\nalways been the cynosure of all eyes, being the epitome of beauty and grace. lt\nwas not merely an accident that the fashion of wearing the Salwar Kameez which\nis flourishing in the land of the five rivers for a time, has currently become\na parallel to the saree an.d is being adopted by women in all corners of the\ncountry. ln the past, the image of a Punjabi belle donning a conventional\nsalwar kameez-dupatta apparel has inspired many a painter and poet and righfly\ntoo as O.A. Wall points out. lf we draw a line to touch the outer points of a\nwoman,s body, they will form an ellipse and of all the styles of dressing up\nadopted by women in various countries of the world, none conforms so much to\nthe oval type as the combination of the mantle (dupatta), the skirt (kameez)\nand the baggy trousers (salwar).\u0026nbsp; \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjoqrvYP31os4lV7BxYKuriIjr1oYLlJAA-YUDN1858t-adkzxzoBGkcbkz-SI2ero6Q9INbFPZIBAWnbYqmwUp-v-WpNqtgByKPR5ZOn-jcHI6VF6h4KciJO0L9-HbgyQG37OBZYu1g5Q\/s1600\/59.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjoqrvYP31os4lV7BxYKuriIjr1oYLlJAA-YUDN1858t-adkzxzoBGkcbkz-SI2ero6Q9INbFPZIBAWnbYqmwUp-v-WpNqtgByKPR5ZOn-jcHI6VF6h4KciJO0L9-HbgyQG37OBZYu1g5Q\/s320\/59.jpg\" width=\"146\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe satwal suit has\ncome a long way from its simple beginning to the present day designer suit and\nthe metamorphosis has been as interesting and gripping as any romantic tale of\nPunjab. The Punjabi peasant woman in the pastwas content with the wearing of\nher ghagra-choli but when Punjab came under the impact of lslamic culture, it\nwas influenced by their dress codes as well. The Mughal women of courtly\nclasses wore gowns with an inner bodice and to complement the transparent or\nslit gowns, they wore trousers for dignity and immunity to indelicate exposure.\u0026nbsp;\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-left: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEimsKcNUzPN41PpQAq-S9Zsnli8rLmg_PsQKeW-veimzsR6doYPl2gLjM7uG7FaLQp52ibpUQ8J_ajIJTINO_k48-WfjxDi1HTbDSYfLaaLopCqg5Xx_r34Gh0QkgvAc6FVvZOn0q4Iifk\/s1600\/60.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEimsKcNUzPN41PpQAq-S9Zsnli8rLmg_PsQKeW-veimzsR6doYPl2gLjM7uG7FaLQp52ibpUQ8J_ajIJTINO_k48-WfjxDi1HTbDSYfLaaLopCqg5Xx_r34Gh0QkgvAc6FVvZOn0q4Iifk\/s320\/60.jpg\" width=\"215\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003ESalwar Kameez\nreaches Europe -\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nZamima Khan the wife of the Pakistani\u003Cbr \/\u003E\ncricketer turned\npolitician lmran \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nKhan with Princess Diana\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eln Waris Shah's\nimmortal tragedy his \"Heer\" is shown wearing (salwar) trousers of\nsilk called, Sutthan,, and by this time the ghagra was confined to the\ntrousseau of brides, besides wrap-over kilt-like lower garments called lungis\nwhich were worn with Kurtis. Deviating from the \"Jaguli\" gowns of\nMohammadan wornen Punjabis developed tunics reaching halfway down the leg with\nno inner bodice to be worn with the \"Sutthan\". The ensemble was\ncomplemented with and, Odhni,, later known as dupatta (Chunni in Punjabi). Amir\nKhusro in his literary work belonging to these times highlighted the importance\nof the veil or the mantle as a mark of respectability. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EIt was the Begum of\nBhopal who in the 19th century wore an innovative knee-length shirt that gave\nbirth to the \"Angya Kurti\", resulting in the outfit of the Punjabi\nwomen who were under the direct influence of the Mughals. The salwar inspired\nby the\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ebifurcated harem trousers of\nTurkey has seen variations in the width near the ankles. Gradually the ghagra\nceased to wield influence on the fashion and faded as a casual attire with the\npassage of time. However, salwar went on to gain a foothold for its sheer\nadaptability. lt got less floppy and smarter with the bottom varying from the\noh-so-tight trousers called chooridaars (1850's) which had to be slit at the\nankles and fastened with buttons. Then the wide and loose salwars became the\nheight of fashion. With the onset of the twentieth century, salwars became an\nabsolute rage in Punjab and were continuously subjected to the changing\ncaprices of fashions. The baggy tops of this garment having a sizeable\ngathering by a drawstring at the waist created an illusion of expansion-so the\nuppermost part was replaced with a flat un-plated girdle for a sleek fit.\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjvHPwPoTeK1Pb2G7Fc0c02r03amKODrU_kFm1RLy8Q1P-oDP7zYr-ubW_-hEd0Hu951446cvkdBWT9y7jCiAFZx9Nw7WlMwhh3MnkrcXv1pMC8IphGt4mn2UfWEkkHw3EB5dngZbNeMH8\/s320\/61.jpg\" width=\"257\" \/\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ETurban the sikh\nheadgear adds a \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nnew dimension to salwar kameez\u003Cbr \/\u003E\ncompensating the chuni or\ndupptta. \u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjP2U1LdY5n5CIPNP7tchSAYzJjYDDYOzQv8TbB0MdMPNdH8UnXIohzwVwFhvLG8i0rXsn0isaCPVfpVTXhwSBr3F8Q8nNeuDGNSqvg_698ZfwyWNUxvSJjgV-LG_nvJEMxpFltLJmgozc\/s1600\/59b.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe Principal dress -\nthe shirt, which started with a gathered fit at the waist had its length\nfluctuating with changing fashion whims. Dropping down to knees in the 20's -\nhigher like a short smock in the 30's and overstepping the knees in the late\n40s, it was always accompanied by a dupatta thrown over the shoulders in various\nways. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EWith the rise of\ncapitalism, novelty and fashion were looked upon more and more as the essence\nof modernity in\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ewere not prized for\nanything else but sensual appeal and seductiveness. Th.erefore, the .veils that\nonce used to be thick now became semi-transparent. The revolutionary girl of\nPunjab .set the vogue for a look of sensuous delicacy and smartness with her\nshirt, salwar and dupatta ensemble that lent her a certain feline poise. As Jeremy\nQuirks has remarked \"The shirt of the Punjabi woman - the loose upper\ngarment descended from very early times - from the monastic robes seen on\nfigures in the earliest Buddhist - sculptures. lnfact, the evolution of the\nsalwar kameez has been weaving quite a spell on the minds of the intellectuals.\nFrom the yesteryears' outfit of the Punjabi dame to the national dress of\nlndia, the suit has surpassed even the sari in its\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Esheer convenience. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EThe salwar suit has\ncertainly become the ultimate attire, being a very practically viable outfit,\ncatering to all tastes, adaptable to all occasions, changeble according to\nweather conditions, filling into every budget, reflecting distinctive tastes,\nenhancing\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eall figures - it stands out as\nthe singular outfit acceptable to all social circles. The wearer can use it in\nany possible way - whether as a comfy night suit or an ultra formal bridal dress,\nwhether a sober conventional attire commanding respect or a sexy, clingy\neye-catching outfit to attract attention, the choice lies with the wearer and\nthis sheer flexibility of the suit has made it the current national favourite\nof all females from sixteen to sixty. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eln a recent interview\nRitu Beri, the leading fashion designer revealed the fact that it was merely a\ndecade ago rn 1987 that a few designers like her set up the vogue for designer\nlines in clothes. Before that, dressing-up was a mere ritual - a daily chore\nbut now it is a lucrative business, generating employment for millions of\nlndians. The craze for wearing something unique arose in eightees when fashion\nexposure in media created a desire in every woman to look different. Since then\nthe suit has been anything but staid inform. lt has changed more in the past\ndecade than it did in its whole evolution. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe neck-lines have\nseen variations never imagined before, the cuts of the suits have been\nexperimented with, astonishingly, the\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003E20th century. Women's clothes\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003Elingering sometimes on the Patiala salwar', sometime the chooridaar\npajami, the dogri pilama, the laila salwar or even the palazzo pants or\nparallels. The business acumen in the big and to small entrepreneurs all over\nmade possible the numerous embellishments of the suits never thought of before.\nEmbroidery, painting, block-printing - every trick bf the trade was tried to\ncreate a different look. This capacity of variations has made salwar suit a hot\nfavourite with everyone from our Ex-CM Rajinder Kaur Bhatthal to glamorous\nShobha De. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EToday there is a\nboutique in every lane of Punjab where the housewives turned designers produce\nsuits to cater to the local-clientele. Thus the suit has become such an extra\nordinary outfit which every ordinary woman can wear to enhance (or hide) her\nfigure and equally provide nobility. This outfit was found to be so comfortable\nand simultaneously graceful that the lndian Airlines hostesses demanded it to\nbe made their official uniform instead of the sari. Even men did not stay\nbehind and joined the bandwagon in creating designer suits. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe growing elegance made the sufis take a quantum leap to\nregions outside Punjab where noh-pu-nlaOi\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003Ea new trend pattern of lndian tradition and art in Lukhnavi chikankari,\nJaipuri bhandei and South lndian chandeii styte of females discovered that\ntheir elegance and comfort were too tempting to suipass. The great fashion\ndesigners of lndia came to the fore making exclusive suits, experimenting with\ncolours and fabrics and creating 'haute couture' \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ECrossing the\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EAsian border through the endeavours of the\nlndian designers like Ritu Kumar who has opened outlets not only a Delhi,\nBombay, Calcutta, Banglore and Amritsar but also in London Punjabi Suit has\nfound a platform for the British woman's foray. The suits are so famous that it\nhas attracted attention of even Lady Diana who has become a regular client of\nRitu's outlet\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ealong with Jamima Khan,\nher close friend. ++++\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgv1Ejzhvxze_Ia0_CQel0dQe7hRVdiMrvHYGLHE0GEKMHFhUny6x51cqYOlTuC_XMz_rC6dOWs0hXab8pYksvSOLKLu0oNAM22lnMw9XFS4lhv1kcg9RScRUJyxfnB5BFcm37d1zxvdW0\/s1600\/60b.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"255\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgv1Ejzhvxze_Ia0_CQel0dQe7hRVdiMrvHYGLHE0GEKMHFhUny6x51cqYOlTuC_XMz_rC6dOWs0hXab8pYksvSOLKLu0oNAM22lnMw9XFS4lhv1kcg9RScRUJyxfnB5BFcm37d1zxvdW0\/s400\/60b.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/2760028651917691654\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/salwar-kameez-ultimate-attire.html#comment-form","title":"4 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/2760028651917691654"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/2760028651917691654"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/salwar-kameez-ultimate-attire.html","title":"SALWAR KAMEEZ -THE ULTIMATE ATTIRE"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjoqrvYP31os4lV7BxYKuriIjr1oYLlJAA-YUDN1858t-adkzxzoBGkcbkz-SI2ero6Q9INbFPZIBAWnbYqmwUp-v-WpNqtgByKPR5ZOn-jcHI6VF6h4KciJO0L9-HbgyQG37OBZYu1g5Q\/s72-c\/59.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"4"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-3135338960054757282"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-04T05:53:00.002-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:47:30.764-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"2"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"BATHINDA FORT WHERE TIME HAS STOPPED  "},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nBATHINDA FORT WHERE TIME HAS STOPPED\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAltunia the Governor\nof Bathinda rebelled against Razia Sultan - the first woman to sit on the throne\nof Delhi. Later she was arrested and kept in this fort. According to a legend a\ndejected Razia jumped from the parapets: Earlier Prithvi Raj Chohan had besieged\nit for more than a year. A thousand years ago Mehmud Gaznavi also visited it and\na mention of it is there in Al Biruni's Kital-ul- Hind. Bathinda Fort the marvelous\nmonument which breathes history is visited by DR. SUBHASH PARIHAR to tell its\nglorious tale. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhnGXVijTyi60BAlnvEYPT8xWHjR3kQqYnvda5EpaJOGOB6hlf5lONtn44JTDTpyz4meTagXwtDyhpVOvBakAmQIKdboSdT6bT7VdGP0uMEyqRgPSkA5B0yUIeQfYnvXeFVOGFESJxW-LA\/s1600\/56b.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhdLouYHJM3tPoJxTO7sJTxpXRQlQoD_uRmBtXTzRUg3IFbnnf67CZD_dPv7yxhdpa41Yk_GHC5rRWAJv57_h01JeMwsOfxlNpAY8saFJVTq0lcfxcuL4dVHA_tsKeDqQx8VgD4K_7551U\/s1600\/56.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"277\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhdLouYHJM3tPoJxTO7sJTxpXRQlQoD_uRmBtXTzRUg3IFbnnf67CZD_dPv7yxhdpa41Yk_GHC5rRWAJv57_h01JeMwsOfxlNpAY8saFJVTq0lcfxcuL4dVHA_tsKeDqQx8VgD4K_7551U\/s400\/56.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe charm of reputed monuments apart, the little-explored\nhistorical. buildings have an attraction of their own. The land of Punjab too\nhas its ' share of such monuments. One of them is the historic fort at Bathinda.\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EBathinda was situated\nalong thb ancient route which connected Delhi with Multan, the gateway of\nHindustan from the northwest. To check the foreign invasions, a line of\nstrongholds to the north of the Ghaggar river was erected during the early\ncenturies of the Christian era. Commanding the strategic routes, these forts\nwere located at Bathinda, Sunam, Ghuram and Samana. To the south of the river, the\nforts of Sirsa and Kaithal formed a second line of defence. The fort at Hansi\nalong with the hill-fortress of\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003ETosham,\nguarded thd desert frontier. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EOf all these\nstrongholds, the only one at Bathinda could endure the ravages of time. Set 300\nkilometers northwest of Delhi, this fort has a long and important history\nunfolded. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe local legend\ncredits the erection of this fort, to one Raja Dab, an ancestor of Raja Venpal.\nAccording to Ain-i Brar Bans (A History of the Faridkot State) the fort, also\nknown as Vikram Garh was built by Bhatti Rao, son of Bala Nand, who became the ruler\nof Punjab in 279 A.D, \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EFrom the eleventh to\nthe fourteenth century, this fort occasionally attracted the attention of medieval\nhistorians who referred to it as Tabar-e-Hind, the strength and glory of India.\nBut the story that emerges out of numerous scraps of information lacks\ncontinuity. lt is episodic. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EBut the fort\neventually shot into prominence for the first time when it was captured by\nMahmud Ghazni in 1045. Bidjay Roy, the Raja of Bathinda, unable to resist the\nbesiegers fled from the fort and committed suicide.\u0026nbsp; \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhnGXVijTyi60BAlnvEYPT8xWHjR3kQqYnvda5EpaJOGOB6hlf5lONtn44JTDTpyz4meTagXwtDyhpVOvBakAmQIKdboSdT6bT7VdGP0uMEyqRgPSkA5B0yUIeQfYnvXeFVOGFESJxW-LA\/s320\/56b.jpg\" width=\"202\" \/\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003ERAJIA SULTAN\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAt the time of\nMahummad Gauri's invasion, it was held by Mangal Rao, a descendent of Rao Hem\nHel Bhatti. Mangal Rao, leaving the fort in the command of his son Anand Rao, led\na large force to Jaisalmer against Muhammad Ghuri. The father was slain in the\nbattle and the son died during ' the siege of the fort. Muhammad Gauri left\nMalik Ziyauddin Taluki as commander of the fort. But soon after his return, Rai\nPithaura, popularly known as Prithvi Raj Chauhan, laid a siege to the fort,\nwhich continued for more than one year.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EUltimately\nMalik was left with no option but to concede. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ENasiruddin Qabbacha,\nthe ruler of Sind is known to have captured the fort in 1210, after the death\nof Qutbuddin Aibak, the first Stave Sultan of India. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EDuring the Razia's\nreign, Malik lkhtiyaruddin \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAltunia the\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Egovernor of Bathinda, rebelled against her\nauthority. She marched on him to quell the rebellion, but her Turkish nobles\nmutinied against her and killed her paramour, Yaqut the Abyssinian. She was\nconsigned to Altunia as a prisoner and was kept in the fort of Bathinda.\nAccording to a local source Razia committed suicide by jumping from the wall of\nthe fort. But some historical records of the period tell that after her\nmarriage with Altunia, they were assassinated by a gang of plundering Jats,\nnear Kaithal. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eln 1253, the fort was\noccupied by Razia's brother, Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud. Malik Sher Khan was appointed\nthe commander of the fort who also renovated and repaired its structure at\nvarious places and points. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAfter the middle of\nthe fourteenth century, the fort gradually fades into oblivion. The reason\nbeing that the encroaching Thar desert began to render the route to Multan on\nwhich Bathinda was situated, difficult to traverse. Timur completed the process\nof decline of this route by destroying the cities along this highway during his\ninvasion. The future line to the northwest was to be via Sirhind and Lahore.\nHereafter, only a few \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ereferences to the fort are known. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAs is well-known,\nAkbar's regent Bairam Khan when dismissed from wazarat in 1558, took recourse\nto rebellion against the Mughal empire. lt was in the Bathinda fort that he\nlodged his family before. marching towards \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EJalandhar. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EHowever, he was defeated by the royal army at\nGunachaur, near Rahon. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EHereafter, once again\nthe fort fades out from the gaze of history until\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eit is known to have been co,nquered by' Ala\nSingh, the Patiala chieftain, in 1754. The fort was rechristened Govindgarh. And\nmost of the structure of the fort as it survives now, date back from its occupation\nby the Patiala rulers. They held it till the merger of their territory with the\nIndian Union in 1956. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nBefore visiting the fort, one must bear in mind that it was\nnot a palace- fort like the Red Fort at Delhi or Agra. So one is not to expect\nbuildings like Diwan-i-Aam or Diwan-i-Khas here. lt was purely a military post.\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EArchitecturally, the\nfort is a formidable structure built on a roughly rectangular plan, each side\nextending up to 200 metres. The extraordinarily thick curtain wall of the fort\nsoars up to 30 metres, dwarfing everything in its vicinity. Each corner of the\nstructure is , marked by a massive and strong bastion whereas there are eight supplementary\nbastions on each side, lending it additional robustness and strength. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe only access to\nthe fort interior is through a monumental .r gateway, set .at the north-eastern\ncorner. The defence of the Passage through this gateway was by a strong iron-clad,\ntwo-leaved door, armoured on the outside with line upon line of sharp and stout\niron spikes to protect the door from being butted into and forced upon by\nelephants. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe left leaf of the\ndoor has wicket gate. The door was secured when closed, perhaps by a heavy timber:\nwhich was drawn across the opening, in the usual manner, out of a socket in one\nside, with the end inserted into a socket into the other. Opening out of the\nwalls above are three tiers of loopholes through which fire-arms, spears and\narrows might beparted on an attacking enemy. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nAnyhow, if the enemy succeeded in penetrating this doorway, the\npassage was again defended by strong guards who were posted in the recesses\nlocated on either side. The gateway with its arched entrance is obviously a\nMuhammadan structure of some later date. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EFrom this gateway, a\nsteep ramp, after taking two right-angle turns, communicates to the top of the\ncurtain cell. An other access to it is by a double flight of steps contained in\nan arched entrance towards the middle of each side on the interior. At each corner\nof the wall is a baradari-like (twelve doored) pavilion, used perhaps as a\nwatch-tower. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eln ancient times, the\nfort was defended by a ditch which was filled with water from a Ghaggar\nchannel. Later, this ditch was ordered to be filled up with the refuge and\ndebris of the town by Mahmud Ghazni. Also there was a large tank within the\nfort which was indispensable for storing water as a siege could extend upto\nmonths and even years and those inside the fort had to depend for water\nentirely on its internal supply. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EA broad rampart was\nthrown up around the fort, perhaps by the Patiala rulers. lt has vanished long\nsince. Two of its bastions crumbled in 1958. The bastion on which stood the\nGurudwara dedicated to the tenth Guru Gobind Singh, also crumbled during recent\nyears. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe whole structure\nwas in the process of rapid decay. But fortunately, the Archaeological Survey\nof India has come to its rescue and started extensive repairs under the\nguidance of Dr. P.K. Mishra, the superintending Archaeologist and the charge of\nSh. Chand Ji Kaul, the Assistant Conservator. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThus, this ancient\nfort which is now among the great archeological attractions of Punjab would be protected\nand preserved for us and for the posterity to look and to admire at and to have\nglimpses of the great values of safety and security it stood for. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/3135338960054757282\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/bathinda-fort-where-time-has-stopped.html#comment-form","title":"3 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/3135338960054757282"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/3135338960054757282"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/bathinda-fort-where-time-has-stopped.html","title":"BATHINDA FORT WHERE TIME HAS STOPPED  "}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhdLouYHJM3tPoJxTO7sJTxpXRQlQoD_uRmBtXTzRUg3IFbnnf67CZD_dPv7yxhdpa41Yk_GHC5rRWAJv57_h01JeMwsOfxlNpAY8saFJVTq0lcfxcuL4dVHA_tsKeDqQx8VgD4K_7551U\/s72-c\/56.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"3"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-2450503102517182133"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-04T07:09:00.001-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:47:07.221-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"2"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"PUNJABI CULTURE – OLDEST IN THE WORLD"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPUNJABI CULTURE – OLDEST IN THE WORLD\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ESanskrit we believed\nis one of : the oldest language of the world. We have always been told that\nlike many other languages Punjabi too has evolved from it and that like the Punjabi\nculture is a derivation of the Aryan culture. DR. DARSHAN SINGH A professor at Punjab\nUniversity refutes this and proves that the Punjabi language already existed when\nAryans came and that the Sanskrit is influenced by the Punjabi language. He\nasserts that the Punjabi people are not Aryans but the original natives who\nformed the oldest civilisation in the world. \u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EIn\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi9_7fxMQUTgN6fDeA-DUBAEbYsGD9Fq6FqAXJ58PJjYet1ZaiNbqYYVMFGlu7v7Hh7HZwceZmADwzkILMOVxRdYpQZ_FmsFr1GLAR0f1IOXOAwn578OHtFjNpQoljM-XTs1qcE96wcrek\/s1600\/24.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi9_7fxMQUTgN6fDeA-DUBAEbYsGD9Fq6FqAXJ58PJjYet1ZaiNbqYYVMFGlu7v7Hh7HZwceZmADwzkILMOVxRdYpQZ_FmsFr1GLAR0f1IOXOAwn578OHtFjNpQoljM-XTs1qcE96wcrek\/s320\/24.jpg\" width=\"163\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjJBHsTrcl36M0FqfiAay102G1h3_VVBepycunVMBc4hqjUwP92pmkbbQTUl5CQjHqWuHPiifr6ztDfLTJ6nHt2gIR1Chk1FRzmADAu5eTh1lBxbWYWhXwSf65nCCsWHKyLBrLt-_qkMgg\/s1600\/26.tif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\nthe early twenties\nof this century extensive excavations done at Mohenjo-daro in Larkana district\nof Sind and Harappa in Montgomery district, both now in Pakistan unearthed some\namazing revolutionary materials which tend to prove that in the pre-historic times,\nthe people of Indus Valley had a high order of civilization. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg2iJx1HXB2yFUJQmE2sf2ZPOuGA_v_xkaXPNgqoMikj71OtpXJXF3bVgCKqzcf6VpSvtyoLJdc1bKZHRQXBIPP5dUlAk1EzlTrLVvME_I8xmDvn9hS0Ku2aoIx08VQt_hxmJHhykV3tuQ\/s1600\/24b.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg2iJx1HXB2yFUJQmE2sf2ZPOuGA_v_xkaXPNgqoMikj71OtpXJXF3bVgCKqzcf6VpSvtyoLJdc1bKZHRQXBIPP5dUlAk1EzlTrLVvME_I8xmDvn9hS0Ku2aoIx08VQt_hxmJHhykV3tuQ\/s320\/24b.jpg\" width=\"293\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003ESince these cities existed\ncenturies before the advent of Aryans on this land Dr. Darshan Singh delineates\nthat the language and culture of Punjab were the first rays of civilization for\nthe humanity in this part of the globe. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAt least five thousand\nyears ago, the Indus Valley had a ' glorious civilization, not found in any\nother part of the civilized world It has\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003Ebeen found that the \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Elived in\nwell-built brick \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ehouses with good\nfloors, bathrooms, wells and \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Erubbish\npits. The city had developed drainage system, there \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eand its roads and streets \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ewere straight and wide. It can be said that\nits municipal life w?s much advanced and sanitation systems were thoroughly\norganised. A great public bath, 180 feet by 108 feet, with a large swimming\npool, surrounded by galleries was a spectacular find of the whole excavations. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhnRUPqmVyOYXdP0evZdfILK7rogTCVOYm1k-6JO1NHYpiqUpg5GvZcWi0OtjQYteMaXc31J9EWabK_Q3dEA4A7puAfphsgwlRWl7PunusiICaUp0C2JVFN0DqmSMaDRCfkYEU3LvpvSDk\/s1600\/25.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"314\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhnRUPqmVyOYXdP0evZdfILK7rogTCVOYm1k-6JO1NHYpiqUpg5GvZcWi0OtjQYteMaXc31J9EWabK_Q3dEA4A7puAfphsgwlRWl7PunusiICaUp0C2JVFN0DqmSMaDRCfkYEU3LvpvSDk\/s320\/25.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe people were well\nadvanced in agriculture, tended sheep and cattle .qnd used vehicles for transport.\n' Cotton cloth was in use which they spun and wove and their craftsmanship was\nof a high order. The discovery of photographic script reveals that they had an\nadvanced art of writing. So far as religion was \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Econcerned the people worshipped trees, phallic\nstones, the mother goddess and also a male god. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EMany historians are of\nthe opinion that this civilization had a close 'affinity with the Sumerian civilization\nof Mesopotamia. Some seals of the Indus Valley found in Mesopotamia, \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eestablished beyond doubt that an\ninter-relationship of sorts must have existed between the Indus Valley and the\nother lands of Western Asia, long before the recorded history of the world'\nFurther it is also established that this great civilization owed little to the\noutside world and is no ground to believe that it was formed by immigrants from\nother countries. The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro were built by the\npeople who had been living in the Indus Valley for several centuries before the\nAryans entered lndia. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EIn the light of the\nfore gone paras and already established historical ' facts, it can be concluded\nthat: \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E1. The Aryans were not\nthe first inhabitants of Punjab. They came to this land during much later\ntimes. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E2. They did not form\na well-educated and civilized nation. Their life style was of primitive nature\nand their occupations were limited to the raising of cattle, sheep etc' \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E3. The Aryan of that\ntime had no perception of art and culture although they had their sacred scriptures\nlike the Vedas with them and hence the Vedic language was also used in\nconversation. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E4. The natives of this\nland had their own philosophy of life, religious quest and queries and -methods\nof meditation etc.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgSHou4SG7UUuWctenUANXYRKb9rgsdeO-0XxR-_rynqyCtOo7K33qjFZYsSu-rNFOa6s3Wh4qOtD-wi9GX2PbQp6jpEFm3qIp4dUyh6DZNC6IPMH0Y8uAr3uJ6nf0uq3Ckcv47DL_OpUA\/s1600\/25b.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgSHou4SG7UUuWctenUANXYRKb9rgsdeO-0XxR-_rynqyCtOo7K33qjFZYsSu-rNFOa6s3Wh4qOtD-wi9GX2PbQp6jpEFm3qIp4dUyh6DZNC6IPMH0Y8uAr3uJ6nf0uq3Ckcv47DL_OpUA\/s320\/25b.jpg\" width=\"274\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E5. They had their own\nperceptions of art and culture.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E6. They had their own\nart of writing which shows that they had a developed language and script. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe above facts\nclearly establish that the civilization of the Natives was much advanced than thosb\nof the Aryans who came to this land in groups as invaders' This is also an\nestablished fact that the Aryans borrowed much of what is known as the Aryan\ncivilization from the Natives of Punjab. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E1. They borrowed the concept\nof Karma and transmigration of soul from the original inhabitants of this\nregion. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E2. They borrowed\ntheir much adored deities like Shiva and Vishnu and some experts are of the\nopinion that even lord Krishna is a god of the pre-Aryan civilization-\nGoddesses like Durga, Kali and Chandi were also adopted by the Aryans from the inhabitants\nof the earlier civilization. The worship of trees and the belief in magic were\nalso the contributions of the\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eaborigines\nto the Aryan civilization. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E3. The most popular Puranic\nstories about 'devas' and demons which cultivated the Aryan consciousness are\nalso said to be the product of the influence of local civilization on the Aryan\ncivilization. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E4. So far as the\ndress was concerned, dhoti, the saree etc. were also adopted by the Aryans from\nthe local people. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n5. During ceremonies like marriages, the use of turmeric\n(haldi) and henna (mehandi) etc. was also aquired by the Aryans from the\nearlier civilization \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E6. The use of\ncoconut, rice, beetal leaf nut (pan-supari) etc. in religious ceremonies was\nalso due to the influence that the earlier civilizations had on the Aryans. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe excavations done\nat Harappa, Texla and Ropar prove, beyond doubt, that the civilization of Punjab\nis the oldest of all the civilizations in the world. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThere is of course, a\ndifference of opinion about the race of the original inhabitants of Punjab. A\npossible belief is that the history of Punjab as we know it today is not the\nhistory of the natives. The civilization of Punjab is much older than what we\nhave come to know through books on history. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe scholars have\ndivided the evolution of Punjabi culture into three stages: \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ea) pre Harappan Stage\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eb) Harappan Stage \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ec) post Harappan\nStage \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EDifferent scholars\nhave given different names to the people of the pre-Harappan period. Some are\nof the opinion that Munda and Kolari tribes were the original residents of Punjab.\nThey were the people of Austric origin, living throughout the stretch of land\nfrom Punjab to New Zealand at the same time. They have a number of tribes known\nas coal, peel, santhal, munda, sawara, hoo, kurda, jang and kurku etc. Annel\nHack is of the opinion that the people of Punjab possess traits similar to\nthose of the people of Austric origin, the prominent among whom were the people\nof the Munda tribe. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ESecondly they were\nalso known as the people of Aambri-pal civilization. Aambri is the place which\nwas adjacent to Mohenjodaro in Sindh Baluchistan. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjJBHsTrcl36M0FqfiAay102G1h3_VVBepycunVMBc4hqjUwP92pmkbbQTUl5CQjHqWuHPiifr6ztDfLTJ6nHt2gIR1Chk1FRzmADAu5eTh1lBxbWYWhXwSf65nCCsWHKyLBrLt-_qkMgg\/s1600\/26.tif\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjJBHsTrcl36M0FqfiAay102G1h3_VVBepycunVMBc4hqjUwP92pmkbbQTUl5CQjHqWuHPiifr6ztDfLTJ6nHt2gIR1Chk1FRzmADAu5eTh1lBxbWYWhXwSf65nCCsWHKyLBrLt-_qkMgg\/s320\/26.tif\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EThe traits of the\npeople of the Aambri Pal civilization are similar to the people belonging to the\nMohenjodaro civilization or to those found in Ropar district in Punjab. This is\nthe reason\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ewhy scholars believe that\nMunda and Aambri Pal civilizations are the same. Dr. Pandey classifies these\npeople as belonging to the Sohaan civilization. As they lived on the banks of\nthis river they were known as people of Sohaan civilization. The people of this\ncivilization are known to be the oldest Punjabi settlers. They were expert in\nmaking tools out of stones. On the whote the people of the pre-Harappan age\nwere of Austric origin. They had their definite characteristic language and\nscript. This is amply illustrated by the archaeologists as well as the\nlinguists. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThen comes the\nHarappan age. The inhabitants of this age are known as the Dravir people. They\nhad their own civilization which is known as the Dravarian civilization. The\nexcavations\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eat many places of Punjab\ninvariably prove that the Harappan civilization was, on the whole, a Dravarian\ncivilization. It seems as if the Austric civilization had evolved itself into\nthe Dravarian civilization. The main characteristics of the Dravarian\ncivilization were: \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThey were expert in\nagriculture and urbanisation. They were definitely quite advanced in art,\nparticularly in making wall-paintings etc. They were the worshippers of mother\ngoddess and shivling and also sacred trees like pipal etc. Their idols were the\nfemale goddesses like Durga, Chandi etc.. They were expert in yoga. Philosophically\nthey believed in the transmigration of action and soul. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EIt is clear that\nthere is very little difference between the Munda and Dravir characteristics.\nSimilar is the case of the residents of pre-Austric age. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThis is also clear\nthat this Dravarian civilization has evolved itself into the Aryan civilization.\nThus, it is a case of some earlier civilization evolving and merging itself\ninto the austric, the Austric into the Dravarian and the Dravarian into the\nAryan. Because of this, most of the features of the Dravalian civilization\nbecame the part of the Aryan civilization in Punjab. The Aryans, that is the post-Harappan\ncivilization, adopted from the earlier civilizations a number of things. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EFor example, most of\nthe nouns concerning ceremonies and festivals, which are used even now in Punjab\nare the direct contribution of Munda people i.e. pre-Harappan civilization. A\nfew notable among them are given here to elucidate this point: \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E1. pani Varna, 2.\nChoul Varna, 3. Laag, \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E4. Reja, \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E5. Sarbala, \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E6. Var\/ Vari, \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E7. Tian, \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E8. Maghi \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E9. Faag, 10. Kuri, 11. peeri \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThese and many such\nterms' have come down to us in Punjab, through the above said cultural stream. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ESignificantly when\nthe Aryans entered Punjab they were not a civilized people. They learned the\nart of a civilized living from the original residents of Punjab. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Elf so many things\nconcerning different areas of life are attributable to the influence of an\nearlier civilization on the Aryans then we can safely conclude that the\ninfluence of the earlier language must also have been there on the vedic, language\nof the Aryans. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EA language belongs to\nthe land\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eor area where it is used. It neither\nbelongs to religion nor caste or colour of its people. Therefore, it is a\nscientifically admitted fact that the language of an area is the language of\nits people to whosoever section and caste or colour \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ethey belong to. Secondly, the upheavals of\nhistory can destroy many things, but it cannot destroy the language of its\npeople. On the other hand, the invaders who occupy a land and settle down there\nnormally are influenced by the local culture such as its art, language etc. This\nexactly had happened with the Aryans also. Now this whole discussion crystallizes\ninto the following points: \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E1. The Civilization\nof Punjab is older than the civilization of the Aryan\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Einvaders. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E2. The people of Punjab\nthus had a language and a script of their own. 3. The language of the Aryans\nthat is the Vedic language was influenced by the Punjabi language of the time. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EIt is not necessary\nthat the name of the language of that, time in Punjab: was Punjabi. But they\nhad a script and a language which influenced the language and script of the\nAryan who settled in these parts. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EMost of the scholars\nwho have worked on some of the different aspects of Punjabi language are of the\nopinion that Punjabi is the product of lndo-Aryan group of Languages. They draw\nits lineage from Sanskrit to Prakrit, Prakrit to Apbhransh and from Apbhransh\nto modern lndo-Aryan languages including Punjabi. Some scholars put vedic in\nthe place of Sanskrit and accept the remaining order. They are of the opinion\nthat Sarnskrit was the highly sophisticated language and it was prevalent only\namong the elite. It was never the language of the masses. Therefore, it should\nbe treated as a separate unit. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EMy reservation about this\nkind of argument is that if Punjabi is the product of Vedic or Sanskrit then\nwhat about the language of the pre-Aryan people ? This was a fully blossomed\nlanguage and was commonly spoken by the earlier inhabitants of the Punjab. The\nAryans came to this land and they accepted, like many other things, the\ninfluence of the local language and script also. 'Thus, it can be reasonably\naccepted that Sanskrit is also moulded and shaped by the Punjabi influence on\nthe Vedic language. 'This opinion is further authenticated by the amount\nof\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Esimilarities between Munda\/Kulari,\nDravid the Vedic\/Sinskrit and Punjabi of the present time- For example: \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E1. Munda, Kulari and\nDravid :- It is the language group, which actually is the heritage of the Punjabi\nlanguage. These are the languages of Punjab. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E2\" The influence\nof ancient Punjabi on Dravir language and hence on Sanskrit is clearly visible.\nThis has been recorded in a number of authentic books on the subject. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E3. Dr. S.K. Chatterji\nhad given a list of words which are from Dravian source and have found a place\nin Sanskrit. It clearly proves that the place of Sanskrit in the Lineage of the\nlanguages is influenced by the old Punjabi language. Again, almost dl the\nscholars agree that the retroflex sounds (TA, THA,.DA, DHA, ANA) in Sanskrit\nare contributed directly by Munda Dravid group of languages. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ESuch examples can be\nfurther added easily to prove it in more details. So the above said elements\nare assimilated and absorbed in Sanskrit in such a way that they have become an\nintegral part of the Sanskrit language and its literature in a very\nnatural\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Emanner. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003ETherefore, the\nhistory of Punjabi language in lndia is longer than that of the history of\nVedic and Sanskrit. It is more so because the civilization in this land is the\noldest civilization in the world. It influenced the life, in all its\nmulti-dimensions. It influenced the\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003EAryans also. The Aryans learnt the art of civic life and many other arts\nand crafts from the local Punjabi people.' It is a well-considered view of a\nlarge number of scholars that the Punjabis have been a very dynamic people\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ethroughout their history. The reason being\nthat Punjab, since ages, had continued to be a converging point for different\nraces and nations. Whether the foreigners invaded Punjab or had trade and\npolitical relations with the people of different religions and races continued\nto pour into Punjab and a few of them even settled down here. This confluence\nof different people is one potent reason that the Punjabis have distinct\nfeatures, skin, colour, food, habits, dress and also a unique philosophy of\nlife. This distinction is' also in a way the source of its dynamism. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ETaking into account\nall these findings of logic and research, it is possible to believe that Punjabi\nwas the language of the people of Punjab even before Aryans qamq to this land\nand Punjabi continued to influence various stages of Vedic or Sanskrit\nevolution and is therefore a source language rather than a by-product. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EAfter many facts\nhave been brought to light by the archaeological excavation Punjab is known to\nbe the oldest civilization in the world. So much so that scholars have claimed\nit to be the first home of man-kind because it is here that the first home of\nman was discovered. But now the legitimate question arises as to who were the\nfirst residents of this land ? This has also been proved that the residents of Punjab\nin the remote past were the people who hailed from different races.\nSociologists have proved that broadly Punjab was like a melting point in which'\nthese great races, discussed earlier, among numerous others got mixed and\ninter-mingled to give a composite culture as the final product which is a\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Euhique social model in the world.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/2450503102517182133\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/punjabi-culture-oldest-in-world.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/2450503102517182133"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/2450503102517182133"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/punjabi-culture-oldest-in-world.html","title":"PUNJABI CULTURE – OLDEST IN THE WORLD"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi9_7fxMQUTgN6fDeA-DUBAEbYsGD9Fq6FqAXJ58PJjYet1ZaiNbqYYVMFGlu7v7Hh7HZwceZmADwzkILMOVxRdYpQZ_FmsFr1GLAR0f1IOXOAwn578OHtFjNpQoljM-XTs1qcE96wcrek\/s72-c\/24.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-8831345982509988022"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-04T07:18:00.002-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:44:44.980-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"2"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"HARGOBIND THE WARRIOR GURU "},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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 UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Revision\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nHARGOBIND THE WARRIOR GURU \u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch3 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEglFoZMxGKTZB-2n4Ef-CqrgkHoXmf_DVIvo6w0j2s2br67-E0STh5eT5XnV-TBprbK4gx0YuuYYTAsS60lcTxAn8nZUXpBKlbB0NtzWZVUlLK-tuNrcYL0mROoLSnGuDwSaWJliL-BkuA\/s320\/28.jpg\" width=\"252\" \/\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EGuru ki wadali where Guru was born\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nWorld is a drama enacted by God, where the good and the evil\nare in constant conflict. Nanak insisted that the Sikh should participate and\nfully live the life rather than withdraw from it. The lives of the Gurus are\nthe noble ideals where they are in struggle with the evil forces of 'haumen’ or\nthe ego. Here DR. H.L. AGNIHOTRI portrays the life of the Sixth Nanak. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"259\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEidvfDNhDqf5Yrw_6qWXCe5cLzmodbwcRQf1MJmGGKnptivW7WLJqISWhvm3sz5mmKHUOSHEuK1nxVcJio8y8_DPGofJaKiwu2RC4zd8WS19nMJiJhXGeV4qX8-8jqH-dAycAd4k3vHK1Q\/s320\/29.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EGwalior Fort where Guru Hargobind Sahib was jailed\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EGuru Hargobind, the\nlord of Miri and Piri, occupies a unique place in the annals of Punjab.\nTranslating into practice, the clarion call of Guru Nanak Dev for unreserved\ncommitment to the cause of righteousness and humanity (Je tau prem Khelan ka\nchao, Sir dhar tali Gali mori aao), the Sixth Nanak initiated the process of transforming\nthe community of pious house-holders into a brotherhood of saint-soldiers, a\nprocess that culminated in the creation of the Khalsa by his illustrious\ngrandson, Guru Gobind Singh, the Tenth Master.\u0026nbsp; \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgCoLsbYQuA3mUxkGkDPQuBRt1SpEXs2M923zNDzmFwlhqAQ26lq05xYOInaMjFFVK2SYmt3KsdxTbft28_WaCsMipsTRJZ-h57FEyKSDpol6x75mSjAT62F73Y4L5gBvJMtO9y1csv8TI\/s1600\/28b.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgCoLsbYQuA3mUxkGkDPQuBRt1SpEXs2M923zNDzmFwlhqAQ26lq05xYOInaMjFFVK2SYmt3KsdxTbft28_WaCsMipsTRJZ-h57FEyKSDpol6x75mSjAT62F73Y4L5gBvJMtO9y1csv8TI\/s320\/28b.jpg\" width=\"287\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003ESignature of Guru Hargobind Sahib\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe only child of\nGuru Arjun Dev and Mata Ganga, Guru Hargobind was born on 19 June, 1595 A.D.\n(21 Har. Samvat 1652) at Wadali in Amritsar District. Guru Arjun Dev had temporarily\nshifted his residence to Wadali, now called Guru Ki Wadali, probably to ward\noff the un-abating hostility of Pirthi Chand, the disgruntled claimant to the\nGuru-Gaddi, and his Mughal patrons. A tradition entrenched in the group-memory\nof the Sikhs holds that Baba Budha, the venerable old man of the then Sikh\nSociety, had offered prayers to the Almighty and made a prophecy that Mata\nGanga would be blessed with a mighty warrior-\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003Eson strong enough to smash tyrants and oppressors like raw onions served\nby Mata Ganga in his meal.\u0026nbsp; \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EGuru Hargobind Was\nbarely eleven when he ascended to the exalted seat of the spiritual authority soon\nafter the martyrdom of Guru Arjun Dev. lt is more than a mere coincidence of\nhistory that Guru Gobind Singh became the Guru of the Sikhs, when just nine, in\nalmost identical circumstances. The child-Guru did not take long to learn the\ndynamics of history that mere peaceful organisation of the righteous people\ncould not survive in the hostile world. Accordingly, the Guru wore two swords of\nMiri and Piri representing temporal and spiritual power of the Sacha Padshah.\nThe spiritual sublimity (Piri) and the temporal sovereignty (Miri) are the\nin-alienable attributes of God and hence of the Guru in Sikh ethos. The combination\nseems to the creative synthesis of Shakti lnd Bhakti. The saint-soldier is\nduty-pound to combat evil and defend the defenceless without ignoring his\nspiritual elevation \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EOriginally called the\nAkal Bunga, but later known as Akal Takht, an imoosing structure came to be\nerected during 1606-09 A. D. in front of Sri Harminder Sahib at Amritsar gradually\ndeveloped into the nucleus of religions and political activities of the Sikhs Akal\nTakht has grown into the most important authority of the Sikh polity.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEghyphenhyphenPXNG0sRHgbBFTbv2izioZ-j6Ki2rvAjiru8idBd-qkMQreM-oECUVHqoIX3fXVm6a-Mh4PFDm1sX5dnaG98Uc879y_x_bWR6Ye8BhsilyM3C_u_RZs1CjtAptBfq4Bh2caQwSBAc9A\/s1600\/29b.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEghyphenhyphenPXNG0sRHgbBFTbv2izioZ-j6Ki2rvAjiru8idBd-qkMQreM-oECUVHqoIX3fXVm6a-Mh4PFDm1sX5dnaG98Uc879y_x_bWR6Ye8BhsilyM3C_u_RZs1CjtAptBfq4Bh2caQwSBAc9A\/s320\/29b.jpg\" width=\"165\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EDivergent reasons have been ascribed to the internment of\nGuru Hargobind in the Gwalior Fort. Emperor Jahangir might have tried to stem\nthe tide of the growing influence of the warrior-Guru. The Guru was apprehended\nfor a period of little over two months presumably because of his war-like\nactivities. His release was marked by an era of stability and peace. It was on\nthe intervention of the Guru that Jahangir granted the release of Rajput\nprinces, 52 in number. The Guru was hailed as Bandi Chhor, the Liberator of the\ndetaine\u003Cspan style=\"mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;\"\u003Ees\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe new Sikh psyche\ngenerated by the supreme sacrifice of Guru Arjun Dev and the consequent\nmarshalling of men and material of Guru Hargobind, when the farming community\nof the Majha known for their volatile temperament emerged as the preponderant\nsection of the Sikh Society, brought during the reign of Shah Jahan. The Bhat\nVahis, the earliest source of information regarding the Sikh Gurus, record five\nbattles fought by Guru Hargobind : \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n1) The Battle of Rohilla or Sri Hargobindpur (1621 A.D.); \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n2) The Battle of Amritsar (April 1 4, 1634O. r. )\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E3) The Battle of\nLahira (Dec. 16, 1634 A.D.)\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E4) The Battle of\nKartarpur (April 26, 1635 A D.) and\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n5) The Battle of Phagwara (April 29, 1635 A.D.). \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThough a small affair,\nthe Battle\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eof Sri Hargobindpur was the\nfirst armed encounter which engaged Guru Hargobind. lt was triggered by Bhagwan\nDas, a local money-lender, who tried to forcibly eject the Guru from the tract\nof the land occupied by the Guru for raising a building. The small band of\ndevoted Sikhs gave a crushing defeat to the forces of the Faujdar of Jalandhar\nwho obstructed the Guru's efforts to develop the town. The Battle of Amritsar\nwas preceded by a minor clash over a royal hawk caught by the Sikhs near the\nwedding of Guru's daughter Viro near Jhabal but the Muslims were forced to retreat\nwith heavy losses. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EThe Battle of Lahira\n(Gurusar) came in the wake of two lraqi horses, Dilbagh and Gulbagh, recovered\nfrom t]re royal stable at Lahore by Bhai Bidhi \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EChand, known for his uncommon ' ingenuity and\ndare-devilry. The next battle took place at Kartarpur on April 26, 1635 A.D'\nwhen Guru Hargobind to humble the inflated ego of once confidant of Guru, Painda\nKhan. Baba TYag Mal, the youngest son of the Guru, was affectionately named Teg\nBahadur for\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ehis grit and Valour shown in\nthe battle. The Battle of Phagwara (Palahi) was the last clash that engaged the\nSikhs before the Guru crossed the Sutlej on his way to Kiratpur. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EThe\u003Cspan style=\"mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;\"\u003E Guru and his Sikhs did not\u003C\/span\u003E fight to conquer territories. lt\nwas a determined challenge of the righteous people to the ruthlessness and fanaticism\nof the Mughal rulers. Therein lies the fulfilment of the Guru's mission. The\narmed resistance put up by the Guru was the beginning of a revolution that\nculminated in the creation of the Khalsa. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EThe warrior-image\ngenerally overshadows the profile of the Sixth Guru who inculcated martial\ntraits among the Sikhs and preferred and\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003Ehorses to traditional gifts. lt was however, Guru Hargobind, after the founder\nof the faith Guru Nanak, who travelled extensively to preach the Sikh ethos. The\nGuru visited Nanakmata in Pili Bhit District of U.P. and re- 'established\nAlmast, a pious Udasi Preacher, who had been ousted by the Yogis. Guru Hargobind\nmet Ram Das Samrath, th preceptor of Shivaji. The Maratha savant was perplexed\nto find the Guru, a descendent of Nanak, carrying weapons and wearing regal\nattire. Explaining that Guru Nanak had renounced the self and ego, not the\nworld, Guru Hargobind claimed that he was at heart a saint, though externally a\nPrince (Batan Faqiri '. Zahir Amiri). The arms that th\u003Cspan style=\"mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;\"\u003E€ Guru wore\nmeant to ensure\u003C\/span\u003E the poor man's protection and tyrant's destruction.\n(Shastar, garib ki rachhia, jarvane ki bhakhia). \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EGuru Hargobind\nadvised his eldest son Baba Gurditta to create four preaching centres. These\ncentres were controlled by four Udasi Sikhs - Almast, Phul, Gonda and Hasna.\nBhai Bidhi Chand was sent to Bengal for the missionary work whereas Bhai Gurdas\nhad been stationed at Kabul before he was shifted to Benaras. The reconciliation\nbrought about between the Udasis led by Baba Sri Chand and\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ethe Sikhs greatly helped the process of\nproselytisation. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EBy relating devotion\nand piety to valour and pugnacity, the Guru gave the Sikh faith a new thrust\nand direction. Guru Hargobind lived and suffered for righteousness. He might\nnot have composed any hymn; he practised the truth enshrined inthe hymns. The\nGuru fought battles but sought no territory or kingdom. By giving identity to\nthe down-trodden and the oppressed, the Guru created a tradition that blazed\nthe trail for others. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EGuru Hargobind\nbecomes a powerful link in the chain of martyrs. The martyrdom of Guru Teg Bahadur,\nhis youngest son, and tender-aged great grandsons, the four sons of the Tenth\nMaster (Sahabzadas Jujjhar Singh and Fateh Singh aged\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003ENine and Seven were bricked alive at Sarhind\nwhile Ajit Singh and Jorawar Singh, in their teens, kissed death as heroes in\nthe-battle of Chamkaur along with the relentless fight against oppression launched\nby Guru Gobind Singh, his grandson, and also by Khalsa constitute an eloquent\ntribute to the supreme sacrifice of Guru Arjun Dev, his father. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/8831345982509988022\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/hargobind-warrior-guru.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/8831345982509988022"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/8831345982509988022"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/hargobind-warrior-guru.html","title":"HARGOBIND THE WARRIOR GURU "}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEglFoZMxGKTZB-2n4Ef-CqrgkHoXmf_DVIvo6w0j2s2br67-E0STh5eT5XnV-TBprbK4gx0YuuYYTAsS60lcTxAn8nZUXpBKlbB0NtzWZVUlLK-tuNrcYL0mROoLSnGuDwSaWJliL-BkuA\/s72-c\/28.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-6809825644658236783"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-04T07:20:00.005-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:44:27.873-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"2"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"THE INDOMITABLE PUNJABI CHARACTER"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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 UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Revision\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nTHE INDOMITABLE PUNJABI CHARACTER\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nby Dr. P.D.Shastri\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nPunjab has been the heart and soul of India and the pride of\nthe world. It has extremes of climate. In the winters Amritsar is often the\ncoldest place in the plains with temperature dropping to zero degree celsius,\nin the peak of summer some places in the region have temperature as high as 115\ndegrees Fahrenheit. As a result of such an exposure the people of Punjab have stupendous\nphysique, robust health and vigour and an aggressively conquering temperament.\nThey never say die. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EIndia's reputation of\nbeing a golden sparrow and a land of opulence limitless gold and wealth\nattracted a large number of invaders, marauders and also some other immigrants\nsuch as Greeks, Parthians, Bactrias, Scythians, Huns, Turks (before lslam),\nearly Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians and finally the Moghuls and the British.\nSome of these were pure marauders, looters and invaders such as Alexander and Nadir\nShah. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAccording to Dodwell\nIndia was infinitely absorbent like an ocean. All these races came via\nnorthwest route through Khyber Pass and in each case, Punjab had to bear the\nbrunt of the attacks. Even in the times of Moghuls and Maharaja Ranjit Singh,\nPunjab was in the eye of the storm. This Continental living under threats, battles,\nblood and struggle made the Punjabi (especially the Khalsa in later ages) a\nborn warrior. lt used to be said that the British won World War I and World War\nll because of the British brain-power, America's money power and Indian man- power\nwhich had 90% Punjabi soldiers. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EPunjab has been the holy land too. The Vedas\nwere revealed here, the battle of Mahabharata was fought at Kurukshetra where\nLord Krishna gave the eternal message of Gita,-the sermon on the battlefield.\nHere the Ten Sikhs Gurus lived and preached their eternal message : Guru Granth\nSahib was compiled and Durbar Sahib (the Golden Temple) has been the holiest place\nof pilgrimage for the Sikhs and other faiths all over the world. Rama's mother\nKaushalya came from the Patiala region. Valmiki's Ashram was situated in\nAmritsar (Ram Tirth) where Sita lived during her second exile and gave birth to\nLuv and Kusha. Taxila was\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ethe world\nfamous the ancient seat of learning. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EMore recently during\nthe British rule, Amritsar massacre (at Jallianwala Bagh) was the first serious\nthreat to British rule. The land has produced Lala Lajpat Rai who said, \"every\nlathi blow on my body (that caused his death) is a nail in the coffin of\nBritish Empire.” The result was the martyrdom of Bhagat Singh and of many other\nbrave men and women like him. Har Gobind Khurana was the first Indian (Punjabi)\nto win the coveted Nobel Prize outside India. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe Punjabi character\nis synonymous with courage adventure, resourcefulness initiative and innovation.\nDuring 1947 sixty lakh\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EPunjabi refugees\npoured into East Punjab from across the border. Most of them crossed over just\nin three clothes that they were wearing and leaving all their belongings behind\nwithin a decade, most of them by the proverbial hard work and striking new paths\nbecame affluent business men and dominated not only in the cosmopolise but also\nin several other Indian cities. This can be compared with the Palestian\nrefugees who were driven out from their homeland in lsrael became marasmic.\nTheir marasmic condition in\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EUN financed\nrefugee camps is indeed sad. Punjabis never begged rather created opportunities\nwith their own initiative and genius for discovering greener pastures. As a\nresult they have spread out not only in various parts of India but also among\ncountless places in England, America, Asia and Africa. Everywhere they\n(specially the Khalsa) are on the top in their spheres be it agriculture,\ntransport industry or trading. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EWherever a Punjabi\ngoes he carries his little Punjab with him. Southall, England, is a mini Punjab\nin the heart of London. The Punjabi culture is not jejune or delicate. The spirited\nBhangra and its feminine counterpart Giddha are well known and\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eit is said that after the Bhangra dance every\nother programme is langra' (lame). Hence it is almost always the culminative sequence\nto any programme. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EBefore partition, East\nPunjab (our Punjab) was considered a poor relation of being less fertile. lt\nalways had a deficit in food grains while the . West Punjab then was the most\nirrigated region in the world. Neverthless due to the miracle that only\nPunjabis can manage today, Punjab supplies over 80% wheat and rice to India's\nkitty. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EWith independence came\nBhakra-nangal that provided water for agriculture and power for the industries.\nBefore partition in the pre- scientific age, the yield per acre was only 7\nmaunds. Today it is over 10 times more. Ludhiana with its small scale\nindustries is called the Japan of India. lt is called the wettest district in the\nwhole of India which is the sign of affluence. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EThe Punjab is know how\nto live life with a capital. Theirs' the best and most nutritious diet in India.\nTheir buffalo milk has 71 % fat as against the toned milk used elsewhere. Punjabi\nfood is ultimate in taste. Sweets like Dhodha have a world fame and world\nmarket. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EIt is a marvel that\nPunjab stayed at number one in per capita income of all the states of India\ndespite turbulence and militancy. During the disturbed period Punjabis rose to\nthe grim situation and with a level-head maintained unity and harmony amongst themselves.\nPunjabis are indeed the bravest, most hard working and the happiest people in\nthe world. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/6809825644658236783\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/the-indomitable-punjabi-character.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/6809825644658236783"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/6809825644658236783"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/the-indomitable-punjabi-character.html","title":"THE INDOMITABLE PUNJABI CHARACTER"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-8587816512948661791"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-04T07:43:00.000-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:44:10.017-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"2"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"PSUs THE HEAVEN OF CORRUPTION"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Cw:WordDocument\u003E\n  \u003Cw:View\u003ENormal\u003C\/w:View\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Zoom\u003E0\u003C\/w:Zoom\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackMoves\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackFormatting\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:PunctuationKerning\/\u003E\n  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2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException 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Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPSUs THE HEAVEN OF CORRUPTION\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nby Pritam Singh \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nIt is well understood that open market economy cannot ensure\ngrowth with social justice. Therefore state intervention in developing\neconomies becomes imperative. In order to encourage economic development in those\nsectors which normally do not attract private investment, the state has to\nprovide social and economic overheads to accelerates econorhic development. In the\ninterest of sectoral development and balanced regional economic growth, the state\nhas to float a number- of companies which are business oriented. For providing\nexpert advice, upgraded technology and for regulatory functions parastatal agencies\nare also established. Lot of decisional autonomy is granted to the public\nsector undertakings to insulate them from bureaucratic hassles which often\nadversely affect the working efficiency. But this is all in the realm of theory.\nA systematic empirical enquiry shows that investment in the public sector is\nfetching very poor return on the capital invested. There are about fifty\ncompanies in the public sector in the Punjab but the reports of the Comptroller\nand Auditor General of india year after year show that the accounts of more\nthan 40 companies have been in arrears from one year to 20 years. Autonomy has\nin no way helped these PSUs\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EMost of the PSUs are\nheaded or controlled by bureaucrats. There is a nexus between bureaucrats in\nthe governments and those managing the PSUs In order tq curry favour with the\npoliticians these public sector managers also establish nexus with politicians.\nThey by pass the rules and regulations and find ways and means to show\nefficiency and profitability on paper. Their accounts are audited by the\nauditors appointed by these public managers themselves therefore there is lot of\ncover up. This lack of transparency results in very Jow accountability. A small\nsurveys reveals a very dismal picture.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EPunjab Housing Development\nBoard (PUDA) was set up under the Punjab Housing Board Act, 1972 to check\nunregulated construction. 1972 Act has now been replaced with The Punjab\nRegional and Town planning Act, 1995 to control unplanned colonisation and\nmassive building in and around cities of the\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003EPunjab and along with highways, resulting in slums, uncongenial environments,\nlack of civic amenities and encroachment on public lands and congested highways.\n1995 Act also provides for the constitution of a State Urban planning and\nDevelopment Authority (SUPDA) for undertaking development of urban areas,\nhousing programmes and schemes of establishment of newtowns. These are very\nlaudable objectives. Thus PUDA has taken over the functions of PHDB. But\nstrangely enough Punjab Housing Development Board and now its successor PUDA is\nengaged in the activity which is quite contrary to what it was created for. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EIn view of the acute\nshortage of houses for ministers and senior officers of the Punjab Goverment a project\ncosting Rs 20 crores was approved for construction of 46 houses. The construction\nof these houses in Sector 39, of Chandigarh was undertaken by the pHDB though\naccording to the provision of the P.W.D. code, all construction works of the\ngovernment departments are to be entrusted only to the P.W.D. for execution,\nexcept in cases where the works are assigned to other agencies specifically by the\nGovernor, Financial rules also require that construction works, the estimated cost\nof which exceeds Rs. 10,000 should not be entrusted by the departments for\nexecution to outside firms or contractors other than the PWD without obtaining\nthe advice of the former. In the audit conducted by C.A.G. (Works) serious\nobjections were pointed out regarding undue financial favour shown to the\ncontractors. The audit report further pointed out serious defects in the\nexecution of the works. \"There were leakages, seepages and dampness in all\nthe houses\". \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAgain in violation of\nthe provisions of the PWD code PUDA constructed government houses in Sector 42\nof Chandigarh. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe Punjab Water Supply\nand Sewerage Board was established for executi-on of water supply and sewerage\nworks in the municipal areas. Over the years it has acquired invaluable\ntechnical expertise in its special field of activity. But it has no expertise\nIn the execution of building works. But strangely enough Privar Kalyan Bhawan\nin Sector 34, Chandigarh is being constructed by the\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EPunjab Water Supply \u0026amp; Sewerage Board.\nSimilarly a 25 bed Hospital was also got constructed by Deputy Commissioner,\nRopar by the same organisation.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EPromotional efforts\nof the Punjab Government for the Industrial \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Esector are mainly channeled through Punjab\nState Industrial Development Corporation Ltd. (PSIDC). The CAG of lndia in his\nAnnual Report for the year 1987-88 observed \"in the field of promotion of\nindustrial units, the Company's performance was poor.\" Since this report\nthere is not such \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eimprovement in the\nperformance of PSIDC. But PSIDC is also engaged in execution of government\nbuildings. Punjab State Institute of public Ad ministration's building project\ncosting Rs. 20 Crores is being constructed by PSIDC. Under the rules the\ndrawings and designs of all government buildings are required to be prepared by\nthe Chief .Architect, Punjab. But in the instant case a private architect has\nbeen engaged at the rate of 3.5 % of the total cost of the project. Directorate\nof Technical Education building has also been constructed by PSIDC. This shows\nthat PSIDC is deviating in its activity for which it was created. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EMARKFED is an apex\nco- operative organisation. lts major function is to ensure remunerative prices\nto the agriculturist and also to arrange essential inputs to the farming sector.\nBut this organisation is also engaged in construction activity of government\nworks. The Govt. polytechnics at Ropar and Ferozepur have been got constructed\nby MARKFED. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThese are few\ninstances of serious aberrations in the working of the public sector. But a\nthorough enquiry can reveal the rot with which it is reeking at the moment. The\nFinance Minister, Punjab in his budget speech for the year 1997-98 announced\nthe intention to establish Golden Adarsh State. He further announced that,\n\"Our , government is committed to eradicate corruption and introduce\nausterity in public life.\" lt is hoped that he would take steps to honour\nhis commitment and cleanse the public Sector. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/8587816512948661791\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/psus-heaven-of-corruption.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/8587816512948661791"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/8587816512948661791"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/psus-heaven-of-corruption.html","title":"PSUs THE HEAVEN OF CORRUPTION"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-5308003495485975488"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-04T08:03:00.002-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:43:40.850-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"2"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"INTERNET 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SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Revision\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nINTERNET – A REVOLUTION IN COMMUNICATION\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg7HLa00N3mZxyqGQZrCFbDSEUFdWiS7NHUbZRUvA_tszPwTdjqj8I5v1t-6D2vafMK4TXEKKodZ0iNR1G2upu-0p8a_xwdhaMx49zeCStYWflJm95Zl_22LbAh81WqVx22LAN6InkxDj4\/s1600\/pc.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg7HLa00N3mZxyqGQZrCFbDSEUFdWiS7NHUbZRUvA_tszPwTdjqj8I5v1t-6D2vafMK4TXEKKodZ0iNR1G2upu-0p8a_xwdhaMx49zeCStYWflJm95Zl_22LbAh81WqVx22LAN6InkxDj4\/s1600\/pc.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg7HLa00N3mZxyqGQZrCFbDSEUFdWiS7NHUbZRUvA_tszPwTdjqj8I5v1t-6D2vafMK4TXEKKodZ0iNR1G2upu-0p8a_xwdhaMx49zeCStYWflJm95Zl_22LbAh81WqVx22LAN6InkxDj4\/s1600\/pc.jpg\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EComputers have come a long way since their invention in the nineteenth\ncentruy. By virtue of its high utility and wide versatility this single machine\nhas improved and influenced human existence on an unprecedented scale. Today there\nis hardly any sphere of life which remains untouched by it. SUBIR SEN\nhighlights pertinence of this revolutionary means of communication \u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nComputers have been in use for just 50 years. From room- sized\ngiants to desktops and laptops, the progress has been incredible. This is\ncommendable in a field where most new things reach. Obsolescence even before\nthey have become really popular. Latest euphoria is over INTERNET which has\nrevolutionized communication and has made the world a smaller place. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe Internet is the Worlds largest and most easily\naccessible computer network that provides a treasure ol information to anyone\nwho has a PC (Personal Computer), a modem, and an individual Internet address.\nThe network allows millions of computer systems working on different platforms\nto smoothly communicate with one another in such a way that the individual\ncomputers appear to be a part of the network.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EInterestingly Internet\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eis a conglomerate of small networks and other\nconnected machines spanning the entire globe. lt is a combination of two words\nlnter connection and Networks. What this means is that every person who makes a\nconnection owns a slice of. the network. The network of computers works much\nthe same way as the phone service, wherein one can converse via computers\nthroughout the world. The Internet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eis\nalso a community of people who work together on the NET (Internet ), providing\nopportunities for education, research, advertising, entertainment, electronic\nmail (Email), access to commercial activities and a host of other applications.\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe Internet evolved about 20 years ago when a group of\nscientists worked to create a network for US military research. Advancing by\nleaps and bounds in 1984 and then in 1987 this network became a network of networks.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nUsed by so many people that a large number of sites got\nconnected to it for which a massive overhaul of infrastructure was required to\nsustain the load. By 1990, it registered a phenomenal growth and finally developed\ninto what we know it as today. lt is a consequence of unleashing the power of\nhuman creativity.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EInternet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eis largely being adopted by the people the\nworld over as a utility providing electronic commerce, and a place for\nadvertising and shopping, or availing services such as banking, trading, travel\ninformation, merchandisihg, and publishing. The Internet site (www.electronics foru.com\nsite) launched on 1st July, 1997 will be a major information source to keep one\nabreast of the latest picture of the electronics industry. This will also provide\nan opportunity to view the latest technologies available around the globe. ln India,\nInternet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eadvertising is a new frontier,\nand agencies are struggling to perfect the craft and develop secure Internet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ecommerce system. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe reason for Internet s popularity is its brilliant\narchitecture. Neil Weintraut, an analyst claims that the Internet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Einformation services industry will grow from $\n100 million today to more than $ 10 billion by the year 2000. New computers are\nconnected to the Internet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Edaily, by the\nthousands. Already potential audiences of 50,00,000 educated people have round\nthe clock access for updating material at their convenience. Which advertising\nperson wouldn’t give his right hand tor this r medium ? The Internet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E(in its incarnation as the World-Wide-Web or, www\nas it is fondly known) is the only such promotional medium available to the\nWorld today. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nCloser home Simplex lnfotech, Chandigarh is providing Internet\n-based information for the subscribers in this region. The service includes\ninformation on various topics like Punjab politics, culture, and business\nrelated issues; lnvestment Scan with information on investment opportunities in\nIndia (particularly for NRIs; Beal Estate, for people living abroad who want to\nsell or buy property in, India; Business and Economy, which includes national\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Edevelopments on business and economy; and\nHomepages having information targeting readers or buyers abroad.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe Internet, in\norder to keep the whole system easily accessible round the clock around the\nglobe has its own set of norms, technical lingo and jargon. There are certain\nprotocols used by the Internet . A protocol is a formal description or message\nformats exchanged between Computers, describing the order in which bits and bytes\nare sent across a wire or the way two programs transfer a file across the Internet\n. A networking protocol is a set of rules that governs communications among\nconnected computers. lt is like a common shorthand, which has become a popular\nde facto networking standard since its creation. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nA computer system has to convert information from the\nprotocol form to its own form and vice versa. It is necessary to have a static Internet\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EProtocol (lP) address to send information\nsuch as a home page from ones system on the Internet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eto the World Wide Web (www). The emphasis is\non transmitting and receiving packages rather than connecting computers. The\ntwo systems are not d[l:ectly connected to each other, but just appear that\nway. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nADDRESSES ON INTERNET \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nLocation in the Internet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ehas two kinds of addresses Domain names and.at\nmentioned above lP addresses which every computer on the Internet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ehas When one uses the former, thr computer\ntranslates it into the\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ecorresponding lP\naddress. The Domain Name System which makes us able to use English rather than\nbinary math makes us breathe that much easier when we sit down to use the Internet\n. Today the DNS exists on numerous name sewersall over the Internet, and this\nallows for unlimited growth potential.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EWORLD WIDE WEB \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe www is the ultimate information utility on the Internet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eresponsible for carrying out most of the Nets applications.\nThe Web has become so popular that it is many-a-times confused with the Internet\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eitself. But being on the Web and on the Internet\nis not the same thing, in fact, www is a facility available on the Internet . There\nare millions of documents published on the Web, roughly being as many as the Internet\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eusers themselves. The Web is an important\nmedium for advertising, browsing through which one will find resources as\ndiverse as the Encyclopaedia Britannica, cooking recipes, fashion tips, health\nmedications and a whole lot of newspapers and magazines, even jokes and chat\nsites. There is a wide variety of information available as text, graphics,\nsound movies etc.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nWEB VS NET \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe Internet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eis a\nglobal networks system, consisting of millions of local aiea networks (LANs).\nThe www is one of the ways of practical implementation of the Internet .\nCreated just 5 years ago, the Internet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eis vast and even changing while the www is a\ncollection of information that is linked together like a web.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EUSING THE WEB\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EIt is one of the most\neffective ways to make use of the Internet s vast resources through connections\ncalled hyperlinks. These links effortlessly transport the users from one\ndocument to another, regardless of the physical distance involved. As a mouse\nhelps us to click and select various items, each item is called a hyperlink. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nEvery time one visits the Web, one can browse through\ndifferent Web sites, which in turn are a compendium of virtually countless Web\nformatted documents known as Web Pages. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nConnectivity to the Internet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ein India is provided by Videsh Sanchar Nigam\nLimited. After getting a government approved modem for use in telephone fines\nan application form is to be filled up. Students get a special\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Erebate in this as they are offered the facility\nfor Rs.500 whereas commercial organisations have to dish out Rs. 5000.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eln order to navigate\nthe Internet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eand view its resources we\nneed to use a tool called Web browser which is a Software for surfing the Net.\nSome Web documents are described by using the term home page which are actually\nlike the reception room of a building where a new visitor can get information about\nthe different floors that he wishes to visit.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ESERVICES ON THE NET\nE.MAIL \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThe most common method of Communication used by people on\nthe Internet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eis through electronic\nmailing. E-mail as it is more popularly known is a basic service provided on\nthe Internet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eto enable users to exchange\nmessages electronically. lt is perhaps the most often used tool on the Net\nmainly because of its convenience. Being on line, it is easier to send Email\nthan paper mails as it does not involve regular formalities making it cheaper also.\n-The most basic form of \"Offline Internet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAccess\" is available to anyone with an \u003Cspan style=\"mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;\"\u003Eemail address that can receive\u003C\/span\u003E Internet mail, The basic\nstructure is formed by mailing lists which are collections of E-mail addresses\nof people who share common intersts. On the Internet , it provides an\narrangement where a group of people can discuss matters of common interest via\nE-mail. The basic idea behind mailing is very simple. lf one memeber wants to convey\nan oPinion to another list members, it is mailed to all of them This is true tor\n,follow UPS and discussions as well. Jt is not mandatory for tist members to\nactively participate, in discussions etc., they can just sit back and listen. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nThere are some 2,600 mailing lists on the Net pertaining to\na huge variety of toPics, having large membership or as limited as 20- 40 members.\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nAs long as the number of PeoPle on a list is small its\nfairly simple to implement a mailing list. Each one keeps a track of everyone\nelse. When one member wants to broadcast a message he simply addresses mail to everyone.\nThis is not as tedious as it sounds, but with frequent changes to list\nmembership and large number of members, the system proves unwidely. Centralized\nmailing lists overcome this difficulty. One member tracks all the listed\nmembers and does general\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Eadministration\nlike adding and removing people from the list. Such a system has two addresses\none usedto submit articles to be read by other members \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ethe other one to talk to the maintainer or the\nowner. The difference can be minor for example, if the list address is nirvana\n@music.rock.com then the administrative address most probablycan\nbenirvana-request @ music.rock.com and subscriptions are sent to the latter.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ETo maintain a growing\nlist size several software Packages were developed. They are set up to\nintercept and respond to administrative queries sent in a mail message. These packages\nsend a list of commands they understand in response to mail with the subject\n\"help\". ln case of controversial or sensitive topics of discussions\nall messages are addressed to a nice guy called the moderator who in turn deletes\na message if he finds the need to, just to subtly enforce the guidelines set up\nfor the mailing list. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nln case of subscribing to mainly mailing lists the mess in\nthe mail-box is avoided by digests. Digests are 1 collection of messages, so\ninstead of receiving small individual E-mails one receives a big chunk having\nindividual messages. The cumbersome task of finding a list is facilitated by a\ndocument called List of Lists containing information on these lists. lt has a\nbrief description on how to subscribe.\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003ESurprisingly free\nEmail accounts or E-mail accounts without Net connections are also possible.\nOne can do this by getting anindiagate.com E-mail account by logging on to\nStatus Kamus, BBC Chandigarh at 548006\/ 007. That way we do not even need to dial\nSTD to check our mail. Just dialling in and registering on this BBS can help us\nstart our E-mail account. Despite all the media hype and the immense potential\nthere are only around 5O,OOO Internet \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Econnections in India.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/5308003495485975488\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/internet-revolution-in-communication.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/5308003495485975488"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/5308003495485975488"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/internet-revolution-in-communication.html","title":"INTERNET – A REVOLUTION IN COMMUNICATION"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg7HLa00N3mZxyqGQZrCFbDSEUFdWiS7NHUbZRUvA_tszPwTdjqj8I5v1t-6D2vafMK4TXEKKodZ0iNR1G2upu-0p8a_xwdhaMx49zeCStYWflJm95Zl_22LbAh81WqVx22LAN6InkxDj4\/s72-c\/pc.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-2935382210883757400"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-04T08:07:00.001-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:43:18.734-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"2"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"RIPUDAMAN'S REBELLIOUS RHYMES"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\n\u003C!--[if gte mso 9]\u003E\u003Cxml\u003E\n \u003Cw:WordDocument\u003E\n  \u003Cw:View\u003ENormal\u003C\/w:View\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Zoom\u003E0\u003C\/w:Zoom\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackMoves\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:TrackFormatting\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:PunctuationKerning\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:ValidateAgainstSchemas\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003E\n  \u003Cw:IgnoreMixedContent\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:IgnoreMixedContent\u003E\n  \u003Cw:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003Efalse\u003C\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003E\n  \u003Cw:DoNotPromoteQF\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeOther\u003EEN-US\u003C\/w:LidThemeOther\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeAsian\u003EX-NONE\u003C\/w:LidThemeAsian\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LidThemeComplexScript\u003EX-NONE\u003C\/w:LidThemeComplexScript\u003E\n  \u003Cw:Compatibility\u003E\n   \u003Cw:BreakWrappedTables\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:SnapToGridInCell\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:WrapTextWithPunct\/\u003E\n   \u003Cw:UseAsianBreakRules\/\u003E\n   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1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Revision\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\nRIPUDAMAN'S REBELLIOUS RHYMES\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjD5MeH_8cxiskFu1jdHi52ndwvQ0xwGyV-Qi6e3RqEyIavAx8f3RwABHRbiDOIdqsKI_VNuMfdIQQA2cw6q7_xvdwnD73jjCNTc_CAuBE8ESvT-iiZP_Oq7uc4kSddDr6gexLOFLv0dB4\/s1600\/10b.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjD5MeH_8cxiskFu1jdHi52ndwvQ0xwGyV-Qi6e3RqEyIavAx8f3RwABHRbiDOIdqsKI_VNuMfdIQQA2cw6q7_xvdwnD73jjCNTc_CAuBE8ESvT-iiZP_Oq7uc4kSddDr6gexLOFLv0dB4\/s200\/10b.jpg\" width=\"138\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\nON THE UNIFICATION OF PUNJAB\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nCan there be peace in lndia,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWithout Punjab's unification ?\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nFor, geographical bifurcation, - can't divide,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe \"spirit of Punjab\", - It's \"Cultural traditions'\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nCan one dream of Punjab,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWithout Nankana and Lahore ?\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nOr even without Sialkot,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWhere poetry galored ?\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe battle-fields of Kurukshetra, Panipat,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWhere our legacy, - Nation's Pride;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nSo were Kashmir and Himalayas,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWith splendid valleys, - marvelous country-side.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nPanjabis were courageous,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nBold, - and brave;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nBetrayed by foolish\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nleaders, Treacherous, -'and knave.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThey lynched, - Panjabi, Punjab, Panjabiat,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nTo become Chief Ministers;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nDancing to the tunes of \"Delhi Darbar,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nKnown for designs, - nefarious- sinister.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nHow long, - the \"Massa-Ranggars\", \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nOf Panjabiat, - will thrive ?\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nOver our patience, - or the \"Dole\",\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThey got as ransom, to survive.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nHail,- the \"Unification of Punjab\",\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nHail,- Punjab's \"clarion call\";\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAwake, awake, O, brave Panjabis',\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nT's not a fancy, - \"INEVITABLE',\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nwritten on the walls. : .'\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjD5MeH_8cxiskFu1jdHi52ndwvQ0xwGyV-Qi6e3RqEyIavAx8f3RwABHRbiDOIdqsKI_VNuMfdIQQA2cw6q7_xvdwnD73jjCNTc_CAuBE8ESvT-iiZP_Oq7uc4kSddDr6gexLOFLv0dB4\/s1600\/10b.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\u003Cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003EKETIA VERSUS MANSA\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\nSaid KETIA, \"l love Punjab,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAnd its 'glorious' CULTURE;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWhere logic has gone to 'dogs',\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAnd JUSTICE to the 'vulture'.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\"She was not RAPED,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nBut, 'lnfact' MODESTED;\"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nSo observed the 'wise' GRANDPA,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWhen Confronted, - Protested.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\"Lucky you are, - baby KETIA,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nSince you hail from FRANCE; ,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nFor, POLICE would have shot you;'\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nSaid MANSA, \"ln the first INSTANCE,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nStrange!\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E- You talk of LOGIC- ..justice,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAnd the FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nHere 'people' don't protest against,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nEXTENSION,\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003ESUPPRESSION,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nTrampled TRUTH, - terrorised, BEAUTY\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n'PEACE' chiding' DEMOCRACY;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nT's the Punjabi DlRGE, - KETIA,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nTHREE YEARS' LEGACY:'\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n(Compiled by Sukhbir Singh Osan,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr style=\"mso-special-character: line-break;\" \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/2935382210883757400\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/ripudamans-rebellious-rhymes.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/2935382210883757400"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/2935382210883757400"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/ripudamans-rebellious-rhymes.html","title":"RIPUDAMAN'S REBELLIOUS RHYMES"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjD5MeH_8cxiskFu1jdHi52ndwvQ0xwGyV-Qi6e3RqEyIavAx8f3RwABHRbiDOIdqsKI_VNuMfdIQQA2cw6q7_xvdwnD73jjCNTc_CAuBE8ESvT-iiZP_Oq7uc4kSddDr6gexLOFLv0dB4\/s72-c\/10b.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4489285015871423247.post-734914679073339761"},"published":{"$t":"2013-04-04T08:14:00.000-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2013-06-07T04:42:53.641-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"2"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"PILGRIMAGE TO THE HILL SHRINE MATA VAISHNO DEVI "},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" 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UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/\u003E\n  \u003Cw:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/\u003E\n \u003C\/w:LatentStyles\u003E\n\u003C\/xml\u003E\u003C![endif]--\u003E\u003C!--[if gte mso 10]\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin-top:0in;\n mso-para-margin-right:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n mso-para-margin-left:0in;\n line-height:115%;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:11.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\u003C![endif]--\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nPILGRIMAGE TO THE HILL SHRINE MATA VAISHNO DEVI \u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Eby J.S.Bajaj \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\n\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EVaishno Devi Shrine\nat the Himalayan foothills is the abode of three mother goddesses, Ma\nVaishnavi,\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003ESaraswati and Lakshmi. Situated\nat an altitude of 6000 ft from the sea-level and at a distance of14 km from\nKatra the base camp which is connected with Jammu by road covering a stretch of\n52km. Thousands of pilgrims climb every month from the road head at Katra to\nfinally arrive at the abode of Mata Vaishno Devi. \u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg-LtrnWhrM2bJ6EHsqODD8i_mn3kPhJ_FvLmBVE9_4CEN60vehJozbZpFjebLraXl6I_pp6UyRfzshFYnLbgB6lOARWH3KS6XjwubY3N2IXnUqRFwKu3Y-rPQJJKAumQwmqZQxZgd8vGw\/s1600\/66b.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;(OCR - machine typing E\u0026amp;OE)\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiZTN0jybn46W5XpJiiIqBqLzBWEnPphZVm6ckYdFYtcira5rjbTQ_BmUsm7TKPSRun5yuTBmFvUIXrZdRE2aYV-VVLu964m49abvU-JZzW89lyBXHX2e6QGLc0HGa9KPU2Kcs6bVGgrQE\/s1600\/66c.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjZ_YfAET2hRUbLrbsnMC_x_NBf9ArEneUwpHwse9m1w-0sKZSV2tD3jXDEhaHS71323MUOaYdzO1fyPsX67dDP0Hp1LYzZwL-65MLV-coq9IhB7R-Us3x4vIIdwSfU-U8f5KvH4ZP0_q4\/s1600\/66.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjZ_YfAET2hRUbLrbsnMC_x_NBf9ArEneUwpHwse9m1w-0sKZSV2tD3jXDEhaHS71323MUOaYdzO1fyPsX67dDP0Hp1LYzZwL-65MLV-coq9IhB7R-Us3x4vIIdwSfU-U8f5KvH4ZP0_q4\/s320\/66.jpg\" width=\"283\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EIt was decided that all\ngods and goddeses woutd contribute their specific energies to create a super\nbeing which will have the powers to kill the demon. Such a union of heavenly energies\ncreated a mass which was named Vaishnavi since the contribution in her birth by\ngod Vishnu was the greatest. The religion professed by her came to be known as\nVaishnav dharma. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EAccording to a legend\nthe edification of the present shrine was undertaken about 700 years ago when\nMa Vaishnavi appeared before one devout person Shridhar\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ein a village named Hansali about 2 km. away\nfrom Katra. She blessed Shridhar and made arrangement for a 'mega community\nkitchen' (bhandara) for her bhagat. The sect of yogi Gorakhnath was also\ninvited. Yogi Bhairavnath\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Easked for meat\nand wine to which Devi strongly objected. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EDuring this argument\nthe yogi\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Etried to overpower the Devi but\nshe became invisible. The yogi kept on chasing her. At one place she remained confined\nthere meditating all the time for full nine months and the spot today is known\nas Garbh joon symbolising a womb. Ultimately the yogi was overpowered and\nfinally killed by the Devi at the place where the cave shrine (goofa) is\nsituated. Thereafter the devi aquired the form of a pindi, the energy mass.\nThousands of people visit the sacred sanctorum and offer their obeisances. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg-LtrnWhrM2bJ6EHsqODD8i_mn3kPhJ_FvLmBVE9_4CEN60vehJozbZpFjebLraXl6I_pp6UyRfzshFYnLbgB6lOARWH3KS6XjwubY3N2IXnUqRFwKu3Y-rPQJJKAumQwmqZQxZgd8vGw\/s1600\/66b.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"264\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg-LtrnWhrM2bJ6EHsqODD8i_mn3kPhJ_FvLmBVE9_4CEN60vehJozbZpFjebLraXl6I_pp6UyRfzshFYnLbgB6lOARWH3KS6XjwubY3N2IXnUqRFwKu3Y-rPQJJKAumQwmqZQxZgd8vGw\/s320\/66b.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe 14 km stretch\nfrom Katra to the holy Shrine can be traversed by three means. However ponies, mules,\n'pithus' (men carrying children and elderly persons on their backs) and the\npalanquins (palkis) are permitted. No vehicular traffic is allowed beyond\nKatra. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EKatra Bus terminus\nbefore the commencement of the yatra. Forthose who prefer to walk, canvas\nshoes,\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ewooden- sticks, umbrellas and various\nother knick knacks are also available in the bazar at Katra. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EIt is customary to\ntake a holy dip at Ban Ganga before the journey begins. Then onwards throughout\nthe steep climb pilgrims keep moving on slowly encouraging each other with loud\nchants of 'Jai Mata Di'. On the way small rests are taken at Charanpaduka, Ad kumari,\nGarbgufa, Hathimatha, Sanjhi Chhat and finally the holy Shrine. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch4 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiZTN0jybn46W5XpJiiIqBqLzBWEnPphZVm6ckYdFYtcira5rjbTQ_BmUsm7TKPSRun5yuTBmFvUIXrZdRE2aYV-VVLu964m49abvU-JZzW89lyBXHX2e6QGLc0HGa9KPU2Kcs6bVGgrQE\/s1600\/66c.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiZTN0jybn46W5XpJiiIqBqLzBWEnPphZVm6ckYdFYtcira5rjbTQ_BmUsm7TKPSRun5yuTBmFvUIXrZdRE2aYV-VVLu964m49abvU-JZzW89lyBXHX2e6QGLc0HGa9KPU2Kcs6bVGgrQE\/s320\/66c.jpg\" width=\"278\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\nOn reaching the\nvalley where the cave temple is built pilgrims first take a bath, wear new\nclothes and then buy parshad (offerings). Full of excitement of finally having arrived\nat the pious place of consecration the devotees feel refreshed as on stepping\nin the cave a stream of cool water of ma ganga touches their feet. Inside are\nthe Pindis of the trinity Ma Kali, Ma Saraswati and Ma Lakshami where one prostrates\nand is blessed with Khajana-a few coins symbolising wealth. Mythology\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003Ementions Pandavas of the Mahabharata having\nbuilt the temple at the Shrine. \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n+++\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EDharamsalas or\ndormitories built for pilgrims present a magnificent view at sunset. \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/feeds\/734914679073339761\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/pilgrimage-to-hill-shrine-mata-vaishno.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/734914679073339761"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/4489285015871423247\/posts\/default\/734914679073339761"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.punjabmonitor.com\/2013\/04\/pilgrimage-to-hill-shrine-mata-vaishno.html","title":"PILGRIMAGE TO THE HILL SHRINE MATA VAISHNO DEVI "}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Unknown"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjZ_YfAET2hRUbLrbsnMC_x_NBf9ArEneUwpHwse9m1w-0sKZSV2tD3jXDEhaHS71323MUOaYdzO1fyPsX67dDP0Hp1LYzZwL-65MLV-coq9IhB7R-Us3x4vIIdwSfU-U8f5KvH4ZP0_q4\/s72-c\/66.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}}]}});